Fandango
 Fandango | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
musical form (en)  , Nau'in kiɗa da type of dance (en) | ||||
 | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Spanish folk dance (en) da Spanish folk music (en) | |||
| Fuskar |
flamenco (en) | |||
| Ƙasa da aka fara | Brazil | |||
| Harshen aiki ko suna | Yaren Sifen | |||
| Wuri | ||||
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Fandango rawa ce mai daɗi wacce ta samo asali daga Portugal da kuma Spain, yawanci a cikin mita uku, bisa ga al'ada tare da gita, castanets, tambourine ko tafa hannu. Fandango ana iya rera shi ko rawa. Sung fandango yawanci yana da ɓangarori biyu: yana da gabatarwar kayan aiki sannan "variaciones". Sung fandango yawanci yana bin tsarin "cante" wanda ya ƙunshi baitocin octosyllabic huɗu ko biyar (coplas) ko jimlolin kiɗa (tercios). Lokaci-lokaci, ana maimaita copla na farko. [2]
Mita na fandango yayi kama da na bolero da seguidilla . An fara rubuta shi a cikin 6 Sau 6, na jinkirin motsi, galibi a cikin ƙaramin, tare da uku a cikin babban; duk da haka, wani lokacin, gaba ɗaya yana cikin babban maɓalli. Daga baya ya ɗauki tempo 3-4, da kuma salon Sifaniyanci na musamman.
Asalin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An samo waƙar fandango ta farko a cikin waƙar "Libro de diferentes cifras de guitarra" wadda ba a san ta ba tun daga shekarar 1705, [3] kuma an sami bayanin farko na rawar a cikin wasiƙar Martín Martí ta 1712, wani firist ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya. Farkon ganin fandango a cikin aikin wasan kwaikwayo shine a cikin entremés na Francisco de Leefadeal "El novio de la aldeana" wanda aka yi a Seville, ca. 1720. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, ta zama mai salo a tsakanin masu mulki kuma galibi ana haɗa ta a cikin tonadillas, zarzuelas, ballets da operas, ba kawai a Spain ba, har ma a wasu wurare a Turai. [4] [5]
An yi iƙirari iri-iri game da asalin fandango: alaƙarsa da jabera, soleá, da petena ; ga malagueña na Andalusian, granadina, murciana da rondeña ; ga canario da gitano ; ga jota aragonesa.
La'anta da 'yanci daga Cocin Spain
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai wani labari mai ban sha'awa da aka ce yana da alaƙa da wannan rawa. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan gabatarwar farko, a ƙarni na 17, hukumomin coci a Spain sun yi Allah wadai da ita a matsayin "rawar da ba ta Allah ba". Yayin da Consistory ke shirin hana ta, ɗaya daga cikin alkalan ya ce ba adalci ba ne a la'anci duk wanda ba a ji ba. Saboda haka, an gabatar da wasu mawaka biyu masu shahara don yin fandango a gaban Consistory. Sun yi hakan da irin wannan tasiri, har, a cewar tsohon marubucin tarihi, "kowa ya shiga, kuma an mayar da zauren consistorium zuwa wurin rawa". Ba a sake jin labarin Allah wadai da fandango ba.
Kiɗan gargajiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mawakan Turai da yawa sun yi amfani da nau'in fandango, kuma galibi ana haɗa su a cikin ayyukan dandamali da na kayan kida. Misalai masu kyau sun haɗa da waƙar JP Rameau mai suna "Les trois mains" (a cikin "Nouvelles suites de pièces de clavecin", kimanin 1729–30); Fandango ya zama #19 a cikin kashi na 2 na ballet ɗin Gluck Don Juan (1761); a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na uku na wasan opera na Mozart mai suna The Marriage of Figaro (1786); a cikin wasan ƙarshe na Luigi Boccherini mai suna String Quartet Op. 40 No. 2 (1798) da kuma Guitar Quintet G.448; Antonio Soler 's Fandango don garaya; da kuma karshen Rimsky-Korsakov 's Capriccio Espagnol . [6] Luis de Freitas Branco na uku motsi na "Suite Alentejana No. 1" an yi wahayi zuwa ga fandango na yankunan Alentejo da Ribatejo na Portugal. [7] Camille Saint-Saëns' "Danse Macabre" shima yana bin salon fandango. A cikin karni na 21, mawallafin Italiyanci Carlotta Ferrari ya rubuta Fandangos da yawa; musamman, ta 2020 "Fandango RPS" [8] tana amfani da tsarin jituwa na Sake farawa Pitch Space. [9]
Mawakin Italiya Domenico Scarlatti, wanda waƙar gargajiya ta Iberian ta yi tasiri a kansa, yana da sassa da dama da suka yi kama da fandango, kamar a cikin madannansa na sonata K. 492 (1756) wanda aka kira "Fandango portugués". [10] An danganta waƙar "Fandango del Sigr. Escarlate" da shi, amma wasu masana sun musanta wannan iƙirarin da kuma kamanceceniya da fandangos. [10]
Dohrn ne ya bayar da nau'in fandango na Sifen a cikin Neue Zeitschrift für Musik.
Rawar Sipaniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]3 na yanzu3 Tsarin waƙar fandango 3, waƙoƙin da suka bambanta da nasa (i–iv–V) tare da baitun octosyllabic da amfani da castanets da guitars an rubuta su da kyau tun ƙarni na 18. Ma'aurata ne ke rawa da Fandangos grandes (manyan fandangos), waɗanda suka fara a hankali tare da ƙaruwar saurin waƙa a hankali. An samo nau'ikan iri da yawa daga wannan. Fandanguillos (ƙananan fandangos) sun fi rayayye, sun samo asali ne daga bikin Fandangos. Wasu yankuna na Spain sun haɓaka salon fandangos nasu, kamar Huelva (fandangos de Huelva) da Málaga (fandangos de Málaga, ko Verdiales ) . Yankunan Arewa kamar Principality of Asturias, Basque Country da Castile da León sun kiyaye wasan kwaikwayo mai annashuwa.
Rawar Portugal
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Fandango yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan raye-rayen gargajiya a Portugal . Wasan kwaikwayo abu ne mai sauƙi: a yanayin da ake yawan yin sa, maza biyu suna fuskantar juna, suna rawa da rawa ɗaya bayan ɗaya, wanda ke nuna wanne ne ke da sauƙin canzawa da kuma sautunan ƙafafu a cikin rawar tap-dancing. Masu rawa na iya zama maza da mata, maza da mata (mafi yawan lokuta) ko kuma, ba kasafai ba, 'yan mata biyu. Yayin da ɗaya daga cikin masu rawa ke rawa, ɗayan kuma "yana tafiya". Bayan haka, "dukansu suna jan ƙafafu na ɗan lokaci" har sai ɗayan ya ɗauki nasa. Sun tsaya a wurin, suna jayayya, suna ganin wanne daga cikinsu ne ke sa ƙafafuwa su yi sauye-sauye masu ban sha'awa.
"Fandango do Ribatejo" yana nufin musamman nau'in fandango da ake yi a Ribatejo, Portugal. Yawancin Campinos ne ke yin raye-rayen.
Ma'anar alama
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sakamakon abubuwan ban mamaki na rawa, ana amfani da kalmar fandango a matsayin ma'anar "jayayya", "babban hayaniya" ko "aikin wauta ko na banza" [11] [12]
Fandango a Veracruz
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Veracruz, Mexico, fandango biki ne inda mutane ke taruwa don rawa, yin wasa da kuma rera waƙa a cikin al'umma. Yayin da mawakan yankin ke rera waƙar Son Jarocho, mutane suna rawa " zapateado " a saman wani babban dandamali na katako wanda aka sani da Tarima .
Pandanggo na ƙasar Philippines
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Fandango ya zama ɗaya daga cikin salon rawa mafi tasiri da ya yaɗu a cikin Tsibiran a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Spain, tare da Jota (kiɗa) . Rawar ta fara shahara ne ta hannun manyan Illustrados kuma daga baya talakawan yankin suka daidaita ta, inda ta zama babban abin da ake yi a cikin raye-rayen gargajiya na Filipino na karkara. An rubuta ta da " Pandanggo " a cikin harsunan Filipino, rawan ta bazu zuwa nau'ikan gida daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun salon Filipino shine Pandanggo sa Ilaw daga Mindoro . An kuma yi amfani da Fandango a matsayin tushen kiɗa ga sauran raye-rayen gargajiya na Philippines, gami da Cariñosa da Pandanggo Rinconada daga Nabua, Camarines Sur. An kuma yi amfani da Fandango a cikin bukukuwan addini da raye-rayen ibada, kamar bukukuwan haihuwa na Obando, da Pandangguhan na Pateros don girmama Saint Martha .
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Nassoshi na gabaɗaya da waɗanda aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Diccionario de la lengva castellana (Madrid, 1726–37/R1963 as Diccionario de autoridades) [pubn of the Real Academia Español]
- P. Minguet e Irol: Breve tratado de los pasos de danzar a la española que hoy se estilan en seguidillas, fandangos y otros tañidos (Madrid, 1760, 2/1764)
- FM López: : Variciones al Minuet afandangado (karni na 18) E-Mn M.1742), ff. 1–6
- MLE Moreau de Saint-Méry: Danse (Paris, 1798)
- B. Foz: Vida de Pedro Saputo (Zaragoza, 1844/R)
- E. Calderón: Escenas andaluzas (Madrid, 1847)
- E. Ocón y Rivas: Cantos españoles (Málaga, 1874, 2/1906)
- M. de Larramendi: Corografía o siffata janar de la muy noble y muy real Provincia de Guipúzcoa (Barcelona, 1882)
- 'La jota y el fandango', La correspondencia musical, iv/198 (1884), 2–3
- J. Ribera y Tarragó: La música de la jota aragonsa: ensayo histórico (Madrid, 1928)
- MN Hamilton: Kiɗa a ƙarni na sha takwas a Spain (Urbana, IL, 1937)
- P. Netl: Labarin Kiɗan Rawa (New York, 1947)
- B. Pottier: 'A propos de fandango', Les langues néo-latines, xlii (1947), 22–5
- A. Gobin: Le flamenco (Paris, 1975)
- J. Crivillé da Bargalló: El folklore musical (Madrid, 1983)
- MR Alvarez Martínez: 'Dos obras inéditas de Domenico Scarlatti', RdMc, viii (1985), 51-6
- E. Osorio Bolio de Saldívar: 'El códice Saldívar: una nueva fuente de música para guitarra', España en la música de occidente: Salamanca 1985, 87–91
- R. Puyana: 'Influencias ibéricas y aspectos por investigar en la obra para clave de Domenico Scarlatti', ibid., 39–49
- J. Blas Vega: 'Fandango', Diccionario enciclopédico ilustrado del flamenco (Madrid, 1988), 284–5
- J. Etzion: 'Fandango na Sifaniya daga "Lalata" na ƙarni na sha takwas zuwa Exoticism na ƙarni na sha tara', AnM, xlviii (1993), 229–50
- J.-M. Sellen: 'Langage du fandango: de la poétique musicale au sens poétique du cante jondo', AnM, 1 (1995), 245–70
- ↑ Blatter, Alfred (2007). Revisiting music theory: a guide to the practice, p. 28. ISBN 0-415-97440-2.
- ↑ "Hispano Fandango – Welcome to Walsenburg" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-07-28.
- ↑ "Rhythm Through Diversity: Fandango". METRONOME ONLINE - free online metronome (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-07-28.
- ↑ "Can the Pope Fandango?". Quite Interesting Limited (in Turanci). 2008. Archived from the original on 2022-05-29.
- ↑ Lombardía, ANA (2020). "From lavapiés to stockholm: eighteenth-century violin fandangos and the shaping of musical 'spanishness'". Eighteenth Century Music (in Turanci). 17 (2): 177–199. doi:10.1017/S147857062000007X. Archived from the original on 2022-05-29.
- ↑ "Capriccio espagnol, Op.34 (Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay)". International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) / Petrucci Music Library. 2024-12-27. Retrieved 2025-08-18.
- ↑ "Freitas Branco, L. de: Orchestral Works, Vol. 1 (Cassuto) - Symphony No. 1 / Scherzo fantasique / Suite alentejana No. 1". Naxos. Retrieved 2025-08-18.
- ↑ "Fandango RPS (Ferrari, Carlotta)". International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) / Petrucci Music Library. Retrieved 2025-08-18.
- ↑ "Restarting Pitch Space | Carson Cooman – Composer".
- 1 2 Castro Buendía, Guillermo (January 2013). "A vueltas con el fandango" (PDF). Sinfonía Virtual (in Sifaniyanci). p. 6 (also footnotes 14 and 15). ISSN 1886-9505. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
- ↑ "Definition of FANDANGO". www.merriam-webster.com (in Turanci). 2025-06-19. Retrieved 2025-07-28.
- ↑ "Fandango definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2023-05-15. Retrieved 2025-07-28.