Fanny Kaplan

Fanny Kaplan
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Фейга Хаимовна Ройтблат
Haihuwa	Novichi (en) , 10 ga Faburairu, 1890
ƙasa	Russian Empire (en) Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (en)
Mutuwa	Moscow, 3 Satumba 1918
Yanayin mutuwa	hukuncin kisa (execution by shooting (en) )
Karatu
Harsuna	Rashanci Yiddish (en)
Sana'a
Sana'a	mai-ta'adi da ɗan siyasa
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa	Maria Spiridonova (en)
Imani
Jam'iyar siyasa	Socialist Revolutionary Party (en)

(Russian; ainihin sunan Feiga Haimovna Roytblat, Feyga Haimovna Rotblat; 10 Fabrairu 1890 - 3 Satumba 1918) ta kasance mai juyin juya halin Rasha wacce ta yi ƙoƙari ta kashe Vladimir Lenin . Cheka ta kama ta kuma ta kashe ta a shekarar 1918.

An haife ta a cikin iyalin Yahudawa, Kaplan ta yi aiki tuƙuru a lokacin shekarun tsarist saboda ayyukanta na juyin juya hali. A matsayinta na memba na Jam'iyyar Socialist Revolutionary Party, Kaplan ta kalli Lenin a matsayin "mai cin amana ga juyin juya halin" lokacin da Bolsheviks suka kafa mulkin jam'iyya daya kuma suka haramta jam'iyyarta. A ranar 30 ga watan Agustan 1918, ta kusanci Lenin, wanda ke barin masana'antar Moscow, kuma ta harbe harbe uku. Lenin ta ji mummunan rauni ta hanyar harbe-harbe biyu da ta harbe. Lokacin da Cheka ta yi mata tambayoyi, ta ki ba da sunayen duk wani abokin tarayya kafin a kashe ta. Gwamnatin Soviet ta Rasha ta yi amfani da yunkurin Kaplan da kisan Moisei Uritsky don sake dawo da hukuncin kisa, wanda Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Rasha ta soke a watan Maris na shekara ta 1917.

Rayuwa ta farko

Ba a san komai game da asalin Kaplan ba. An haife ta ne a cikin iyalin Yahudawa. Mahaifinta malami ne, kuma tana da 'yan uwa bakwai. An sami rikice-rikice game da cikakken sunanta. Vera Figner (a cikin tarihinta, At Women's Katorga), ta bayyana cewa sunan asalin Kaplan shine Feiga Khaimovna Roytblat-Kaplan (Feyga Haimovna Roйтблат-Kaplan). Koyaya, wasu kafofin sun bayyana cewa sunan danginta na asali shine Roytman (Ройтман), wanda ya dace da sunan mahaifiyar Jamusanci da Yiddish na yau da kullun Reutemann. Wani lokaci ana kuma saninta da sunan da aka ba ta Dora .  

Kaplan ya sami ilimi a gida kuma nan da nan ya bar gida ya yi aiki a matsayin mai yin ma'adinai a Odessa . [1] Ta zama mai juyin juya halin siyasa tun tana ƙarama kuma ta shiga ƙungiyar gurguzu, Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs). A shekara ta 1906, lokacin da take 'yar shekara 16, an kama Kaplan a Kiev saboda ta shiga cikin makircin bam din ta'addanci don fashe gwamnan garin, Vladimir Sukhomlinov.[2] An kama ta ne bayan wani bam da ita da abokin aikinta na soyayya ke aiki a kai ya fashe ba da gangan ba.[3] An tsare ta har abada a katorga, sansanin kurkuku mai aiki tuƙuru. Ta yi aiki a kurkukun Maltsev da Akatuy na Nerchinsk katorga, Siberia, inda ta rasa idanunta, wanda aka mayar da shi daga baya. An sake ta a ranar 3 ga Maris 1917, bayan Juyin Juya Halin Fabrairu ya hambarar da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka. A sakamakon ɗaurin kurkuku, Kaplan ta sha wahala daga ciwon kai da kuma lokutan makanta.[4]

Kaplan ya yi takaici da Lenin a cikin 1917-1918, saboda rikici tsakanin SRs da Bolsheviks. Wannan na ƙarshe yana da goyon baya mai ƙarfi a cikin Soviets, amma a cikin Zaben Majalisar Dokokin Rasha na 1917, wadanda ba Bolsheviks ba ne suka fi yawa. Lokacin da Majalisar ta hadu a watan Janairun 1918, an zabi wani dan jam'iyyar Socialist Revolutionary a matsayin shugaban kasa. Bolsheviks sun amsa ta hanyar rushe Majalisar Dokoki. A watan Agustan 1918, Bolsheviks sun haramta yawancin sauran jam'iyyun. Kwanan nan, sun haramta 'yan juyin juya halin hagu (Hagu SRs), wadanda a baya suka kasance manyan abokan haɗin gwiwar Bolsheviks, wadanda suka yi tawaye da su a watan Yuli don adawa da Yarjejeniyar Brest-Litovsk. Kaplan ta yanke shawarar kashe Lenin saboda ta dauke shi "mai cin amana ga juyin juya halin".

Yunkurin kisan kai

Bayanan Vladimir Pchelin game da yunkurin kisan kai

A ranar 30 ga watan Agustan 1918, Lenin ya yi magana a Hammer da Sickle, masana'antar makamai a kudancin Moscow. Yayin da Lenin ya bar ginin kuma kafin ya shiga motarsa, Kaplan ya kira shi. Lokacin da Lenin ya juya zuwa gare ta, sai ta harbe harsashi uku tare da bindigar FN M1900. Ɗaya daga cikin harsashi ya ratsa rigar Lenin, sauran biyu suka buge shi. Ɗaya ya wuce ta wuyansa, ya soke wani ɓangare na huhu na hagu, kuma ya tsaya kusa da ƙashinsa na dama; ɗayan ya kasance a kafaɗarsa ta hagu.

Fanny Kaplan ta FN 1900 bindiga, wacce aka yi amfani da ita a yunkurin kisan Lenin.

An dawo da Lenin zuwa gidansa a Kremlin. Ya ji tsoron cewa wasu na iya shirin kashe shi kuma ya ki barin tsaron Kremlin don neman kulawar likita. An kawo likitoci don kula da shi amma ba za su iya cire harsasai a waje da asibiti ba. Duk da tsananin raunin da ya samu, Lenin ya tsira, amma lafiyarsa ba ta taɓa warkewa daga harin ba. An yi hasashen cewa harbi ya ba da gudummawa ga bugun jini wanda ya raunana kuma daga ƙarshe ya kashe shi a 1924.

Kamawa da kisa

Akwai labaran da suka sabawa juna game da kama ta. A cewar shaidar Mataimakin Kwamishina S. N. Batulin, yana cikin matakai 20 na Lenin lokacin da ya ji harbe-harbe uku kuma ya ga Lenin yana fuskantar ƙasa. Bayan haka, ya gano wata mace da ya ji tana da tuhuma kuma ya tsare ta. Wannan ya zama Kaplan. Koyaya, kwamishinan masana'anta N. I. Ivanov ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya kama ta bayan yara da yawa sun gano ta, waɗanda suka bi ta a kan titi. : A lokacin da Cheka ta yi masa tambayoyi, ta yi wannan sanarwa:

My name is Fanya Kaplan. Today I shot Lenin. I did it on my own. I will not say from whom I obtained my revolver. I will give no details. I had resolved to kill Lenin long ago. I consider him a traitor to the Revolution. I was exiled to Akatuy for participating in an assassination attempt against a Tsarist official in Kiev. I spent 11 years at hard labour. After the Revolution, I was freed. I favoured the Constituent Assembly and am still for it.

Dubi kuma

• Leonid Kannegisser
• Fritz Platten
• Faina Stavskaya