Farandole

Farandole
type of dance (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	social dance (en) da chain dance (en)
Ƙasa	Faransa
Wuri
Historical region (en)	County of Nice (en)

Rawar Farandole a cikin Saint-Geniès-de-Comolas

Farandole (  ; Provençal oc ) rawa ce ta al'umma mai buɗewa wacce ta shahara a Provence, Faransa. Tana da kamanceceniya da gavotte, jig, da tarantella . Carmagnole na juyin juya halin Faransa wani abu ne da aka samo asali daga ciki.

Asalin Ma'anar

Ba a bayar da wani ingantaccen tushe na sunan ba. Diez ya haɗa shi da farándula na Sifaniyanci, yana nuna ƙungiyar 'yan wasa masu yawo, wanda ya samo asali daga fahrende na Jamus ("tafiya"). An yi nuni da wani abu da ba a saba gani ba daga fálanx na Girkanci ( φάλαγξ, " phalanx ") da kuma doúlos ( δούλος, "bawa"), saboda masu rawa a cikin farandole an haɗa su tare a cikin dogon sarka. An kuma ba da shawarar cewa farandole na iya zama canjin Provençal barandello, daga brandello (wanda aka samo daga branda, "motsa"), ƙarƙashin tasirin kalmomin Occitan kamar flandina ("cajoler") da flandrina ("dawdle"). Duk da haka, wannan hasashe ba shi da gamsarwa sosai domin ya zo ne bisa ga gaskiyar cewa b(a)randello an bayyana shi a matsayin farandole na Languedocian .

Tarihi

Rawar da aka yi a kan gilashin François na Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa da ke Florence, Italiya.

Ana ɗaukar farandole a matsayin mafi tsufa a cikin raye-rayen, kuma shine mafi kyawun halaye da wakilcin Provence. Sunansa an tabbatar da shi ne tun ƙarni na 18 kawai, duk da haka, an wakilta shi tun zamanin da ta hanyar sassaka duwatsu a lokacin zamanin da akan yumbu ko frescoes. A yau a Provence, ana rawa da waƙoƙin da masu buga ganga ke yi waɗanda ke tare da shi tare da galoubets da tambourine . Shahararsa ta sa ya shiga cikin gadon Kirsimeti ( crèche ) na Provence kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a cikin al'adar Provençal.

Rawar wataƙila ta samo asali ne daga Girka, kuma da alama ta fito ne kai tsaye daga "rawar Cranes", wanda aka danganta ta da Theseus, wanda ya kafa ta don murnar tserewarsa daga Labyrinth. An ambaci wannan rawa a ƙarshen waƙar Delos ta Callimachus : har yanzu ana rawa a Girka da tsibiran Aegean, kuma wataƙila an shigar da ita Kudancin Faransa daga Marseilles .

Masana almara na farkon ƙarni na 20 (misali Alford 1932) sun fassara yawancin raye-rayen gargajiya a matsayin na da, kuma sun yi hasashen ko da ga farandole wani kakanni da aka gano daga tsohuwar Girka, wanda ya kasance ba a canza shi ba "a tsawon shekaru dubu biyu ko uku na rayuwarsa".

Shafukan yanar gizo da yawa na baya-bayan nan, tsoffin kundin bayanai, da wasu littattafan tarihin kiɗa sun yi iƙirarin cewa farandole rawa ce ta zamanin da, amma ba su taɓa bayar da ainihin ambaton zamanin da ya ambaci farandole ba. Duk da cewa akwai bayanin Renaissance game da rawa ta sarka da da'ira, da kuma zane-zane na zamanin da da na sake fasalin rayuwa wanda ke nuna mutane suna rawa a cikin sarka da da'ira, babu wata alaƙa tsakanin waɗannan rawa na farko da farandole na gargajiya na baya-bayan nan: Arbeau, sanannen tushen rawa ta renaissance da da'ira kamar branle, bai ƙunshi wani rawa mai matakai da siffofi na musamman na farandole ba. Kalmar farandole ko farandola Ba a same shi a cikin ƙamus na Tsohon Faransanci ko na Tsohon Occitan ba, kuma farkon bayyanarsa a cikin sigar Faransanci farandoule (kamar yadda aka samo daga Occitan) yana cikin shekarar 1776. Farkon bayyanarsa a Turanci ya fi ƙanƙanta, a shekarar 1876. Saboda haka, mai binciken rawa na zamanin da Robert Mullally ya kammala da cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa farandole na zamanin da yana kama da kowace irin rawa ta zamanin da.

Fitaccen marubucin almara na Ingila Violet Alford ne ya fara bayyana farandole dalla-dalla a shekarar 1932. Bayanin da ke ƙasa ya fito ne daga gundumar Nice:

"A al'adance ana jagorantar mai abbat-mage Suna riƙe da igiyar halberd mai kauri, masu rawa suna riƙe hannuwa suna tsalle a kowace bugun; bugun ƙarfi a ƙafa ɗaya, suna juyawa hagu da dama, ɗayan ƙafar a sama, da bugun rauni tare da ƙafafun biyu tare. A ƙauyen Belvédère, a lokacin bikin girmama mai kula da Saint Blaise, ma'auratan da suka yi aure kwanan nan ne suka jagoranci rawar.

A fannin kiɗa, rawa tana cikin 6 Sau 6, tare da ƙamshi mai ƙarfi, matsakaicin gudu zuwa sauri, kuma ana buga shi da sarewa da ganguna . Wani bayanin wannan rawa ya fito ne daga ƙamus na Grove,

"Farandole ya ƙunshi dogon jerin samari da mata, wani lokacin har zuwa ɗari, suna riƙe da junansu da hannu, ko kuma da ribbons ko mayafi. Shugaban koyaushe balagagge ne, kuma yana gaba da mawaƙa ɗaya ko fiye da ke buga galoubet, watau ƙaramin itace flûte-à-bec, da kuma tambourin Da hannunsa na hagu shugaba yana riƙe da hannun abokin aikinsa, a hannun damansa yana ɗaga tuta, mayafi, ko kintinkiri, wanda hakan ke zama alama ga mabiyansa. Yayin da Faraudole ke tafiya ta titunan garin, ana ci gaba da ɗaukar 'yan rawa ta hanyar sabbin ƙari. Shugaban (don ambaton mawaƙin Mistral) 'yana sa shi ya zo ya tafi, ya juya baya da gaba ... wani lokacin yana sanya shi zobe, wani lokacin yana murɗa shi a karkace, sannan ya rabu da mabiyansa ya yi rawa a gaba, sannan ya sake haɗuwa, kuma ya sa ya wuce da sauri a ƙarƙashin hannun ma'auratan ƙarshe da aka ɗaga.'"

Yawanci ana rawa farandole a duk manyan bukukuwa a garuruwan Provence, kamar bikin Corpus Domini, ko kuma Corsos do la Tarasqua, wanda Sarki René ya kafa a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1474, kuma ana gudanar da shi kowace shekara a Tarascon a ranar 29 ga Yuli. A ƙarshen farandole, an riga an yi masa babban hoton wani dodo mai ban mamaki - Tarasque - wanda maza da yawa suka ɗauka kuma waɗanda suka halarta sun halarci bikin tare da masu zane-zane na chevaliers de la Tarasque .

A wasu lokutan ana amfani da farandole don dalilai marasa laifi kamar rawa kawai: a shekarar 1815, jama'a da suka fusata sun kashe Janar Jean-Pierre Ramel a Toulouse, inda suka yi amfani da rawar ƙasa don kewaye shi da yanka shi.

Nau'ikan

Farandole na Mutuwa

Bayan Mutuwar Baƙi, an bayyana al'adu da yawa na fitar da mutane daga bauta waɗanda ke da nufin shawo kan abokin, ko da ba don a mayar da shi baya ba. A cikin waɗannan al'adu, kiɗa da rawa sun taka rawa a manyan ayyuka.

A cikin wannan farandole, kwarangwal da mutane masu rai suna canzawa, suna cikin tsari mai sauƙi: shugaban Kirista, sarki, babban sarki, sarki, ubangida, ɗan sanda, babban bishop, jarumi, bishop, ɗan dawaki, abban coci, ma'aikacin kotu, masanin taurari, ɗan kasuwa, ɗan Carthusian, sajent, likita, matar aure, mai karɓar riba, da talakawa. Adadin haruffa da kuma yadda rawan ke gudana ya dogara ne akan wurin halitta. Mutuwa, wacce aka fi wakilta da kayan kida, tana jawo kowa cikin rawa, ba wai kallon matsayi, dukiya, jinsi, ko shekaru ba.

Farandole na zamani

Masu buga ganga ɗaya ko fiye ne ke yin rakiyar kiɗan da ake yi a yanzu. Masu rawa suna haɗa hannu don ƙirƙirar sarkar buɗewa mai yawo kuma suna yiwa kowace bugun alama da tsalle. Shugaban yana jagorantar sarkar ta hanyar zana siffar maciji. Aikinta shine bayyana farandole, rawar al'adun noma, a cikin manyan jigogi guda biyu: na karkace (wanda kuma aka sani da katantanwa ko labyrinth) da na hanyar da ke ƙarƙashin ma'ajiyar (wanda aka sani da maciji).

Haka kuma a Provence, an yi wasu raye-raye da suka shafi farandole a kan matakai kyauta: brandi, morisca ("Moorish"), passa-carriera ("mai wucewa a titi", misali. kalmar passacalle ta Sifaniyanci da kuma passacaille ) Ya haifar da wasu raye-rayen zamanin da masu matakai akai-akai, kamar waƙoƙin waƙoƙin ƙarni na 13 da 14, da waƙoƙin branles na ƙarni na 15 da 16.

Farandole na Provence

santons Rawar farandole ɗaya ce daga cikin tsofaffin gadon Provence. Masu rawa suna yin dogon layi wanda ke motsawa ta hanyar yin yawo. Juyawa da juyawar wannan rawa a cikin ɗakin kwana dole ne ya wakilci labyrinth. Masu rawa ko dai suna sanye da tufafin Arles, Provençal, ko Comtadin na gargajiya, tare da nau'ikan tufafi daban-daban da santonnier na gida ya bayar. .

Masu rawa da mai buga ganga suna sanye da kayan ado iri ɗaya da aka yi da fararen wando da aka matse da taiole, bel ɗin Provence da aka yi da zare na yadin ulu ja, da kuma farar riga da aka ɗaure a wuyan da igiya.

Ganin cewa mai buga ganga ya shahara, ya sanya kayansa mafi kyau, yana sanye da hula mai faɗi, kuma a ƙarƙashin rigarsa mai laushi akwai rigarsa mai ado a kan farin rigarsa. Wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da "Guillaume", bisa ga al'ada, shi ne ke jagorantar farandole da tambourinsa da kuma motarsa. Wannan yanayin yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka shafi gadon jariri na Provençal, wanda hakan ya zama dole.

A cikin kiɗan gargajiya

Farandole du ballet de Marseille (Farandole na Ballet de Marseille) na Eduardo León Garrido

Charles Gounod ya yi amfani da farandole, wanda aka sanya a gaban Arles Amphitheater, don buɗe wasan opera na biyu Mireille (1864). Georges Bizet ya nuna farandole a matsayin motsi na huɗu kuma na ƙarshe na L'Arlésienne na biyu. Suite (1872). Duk da haka, rawan bai dace da manufar rawa ba. A cikin rawa ta Tchaikovsky ta The Sleeping Beauty (1890), 'yan matan sun gabatar da farandole a siffa ta huɗu ta wasan kwaikwayo na biyu. Akwai farandole a cikin wasan opera na Camille Saint-Saëns Les Barbares (1901), kuma farandole yana nan a cikin kayan saxophone na gargajiya Tableaux de Provence (1958) na Paule Maurice, motsi na farko na biyar.

A cikin al'adun jama'a

A cikin fim ɗin Abbott da Costello na shekarar 1940 mai suna A Night in the Tropics, fim ɗin ya ƙare da waƙa da rawa na farandole na Bizet.

A shekarar 1969, wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai suna " Love Sculpture " ta yi wani kundin waƙoƙi mai suna Forms & Feelings . Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin ita ce farandole na Bizet.

Bob James, a cikin kundin wakokinsa na Two, ya yi waƙar farandole ta Bizet a cikin salon jazz funk. An fitar da ita a shekarar 1975, kuma kundin ya zo na biyu a jadawalin kundin wakokin Jazz.

A lokacin da yake memba na ƙungiyar mawakan ƙarfe ta Talas ta shekarun 1980, Billy Sheehan ya sake yin wani fim na farandole na Bizet, wanda daga baya Dream Theater ya yi fim ɗinsa kamar haka.

A cikin littafin Madeleine L'Engle mai suna A Wind in the Door, "Farandolae" wasu ƙwayoyin halitta ne na mitochondria, waɗanda ke da alaƙa irin ta endosymbiotic da mitochondria, kamar yadda mitochondria ke da ƙwayoyin eukaryotic. A tsawon wannan labari, haruffa suna tafiya a cikin mitochondria kuma suna haɗuwa da farandolae a matsayin halittu masu rai waɗanda ke yin "rawa" zagaye a kusa da "bishiyoyin asali" waɗanda ke zubar da babban fara na kuzari.

A cikin Ƙungiyar Masu Ra'ayin Kirkire-kirkire da sauran ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin sake ƙirƙirar raye-rayen Zamanin Tsakiya da Renaissance, wani lokacin ana rawa da farandole saboda ana ɗauka cewa asalinsa na zamanin da ne (amma duba damuwar tarihi a sama). Ana iya samun misalai a YouTube .