Farfadowar Khoisan
 Farfadowar Khoisan |
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Khoisan shine abin da ya faru ga mutane da ke da'awar su ne Khoisan (ya'yan) da kuma kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Yunkurin farfadowa na Khoisan yana da niyyar tabbatarwa da rarrabe asalin al'adun Khoisan a Afirka ta Kudu ta zamani.[1] Farfadowar Khoisan ta fi aiki kuma mai yiwuwa za ta shafi Yin manufofi a Cape Town, a lardin Yammacin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu.[2] Koranna, Nama, San, Griqua, da Cape Khoi suna daga cikin kungiyoyin farfadowa na Khoisan na Yammacin Cape.[2]
Ci gaban farfadowar Khoisan ya samo asali ne daga tattaunawar siyasa ta zamani a Afirka ta Kudu game da yiwuwar da'awar ƙasa kafin 1913 da kuma amincewa da ikon gargajiya na Khoisan.[2][3] Don tallafawa neman da'awar ƙasarsu, masu farfadowa na Khoisan suna jaddada dangin kakanninmu da tambayar asalin "Launi".[3] Karkatar da kalmar Coloured a matsayin mai mulkin mallaka mai zalunci da kuma tilasta wariyar launin fata shine tushe na ƙungiyar farfadowa ta Khoisan.[1] A cikin cewa mabiyanta sun ƙi launi a matsayin caricature na masu mulkin mallaka na mulkin mallaka, ƙungiyar farfadowa ta Khoisan ta kasance mai amfani da kayan aiki, saboda alaƙar da ke tsakanin ainihi da haƙƙin ƙasa da maidowa. Ainihin, farfadowar Khoisan duka masu ƙin launi ne da kuma warewa.[4] Yana da ƙin yarda a ma'anar cewa asalin Khoisan, wanda aka ƙi shi a matsayin karkatar da mai mulkin mallaka na mulkin mallaka, an tabbatar da shi da farin ciki a matsayin ainihin wayewa tare da dogon tarihi.[4] Yana da banbanci a ma'anar cewa yana gabatar da sabon hujja don matsayi na dama na dangi, koda kuwa ba ya bayyana da'awar kasancewa ainihin 'yan asalin Afirka ta Kudu.[4] Mutane da yawa suna mamakin abin da yake nufi ga wannan motsi na farfadowa, wanda ke tabbatar 'yan asalin ƙasar da matsayin ƙasa ta farko a Kudu da Kudancin Afirka, don yin hakan a ƙarƙashin taken Khoisan, wanda aka san asalin mulkin mallaka da Yurocentric gabaɗaya.[1][5] Saboda suna darajar asalin launin fata, yawancin mutane masu launi ba sa bin farfadowar Khoisan, duk da fadada ta.[3] Saboda gudummawar tarihi da wasu kungiyoyin jama'a suka bayar ga asalin launi, mutane da yawa suna kallon ikirarin ganowar Khoisan ya zama matsala.[3]
Gasar don albarkatun zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ko ƙoƙarin samun albarkatun yana da tasiri ga farfadowar Khoisan. Sassan kungiyoyi masu launi sun fi son ganewa da kuma ayyana al'adun Afirka lokacin da aka maye gurbin gwamnatin White a 1994 da wanda ke karkashin ikon 'Yan Afirka masu magana da Bantu.[6] A cewar masu farfadowa na Khoisan, mulkin mallaka na zamanin wariyar launin fata ya bar al'ummomi masu launi da yawa a Afirka ta Kudu tare da rushewar tushe wanda ya haifar da matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na yanzu na gidaje, amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, da aikata laifuka.[3] Khoisan revivalism yana ƙoƙari ya jaddada bukatar magance ci gaba da yanayin da ya shafi yanayin kafin, lokacin, da kuma bayan wariyar launin fata tunda wariyar launin fatalwa ba shine ainihin abin da ya fi mayar da hankali ba, don ba da wasu abubuwan da suka dace ga mutane da yawa.[3]
Tarihin Khoisan da ainihi suna farfadowa a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ta hanyoyi da yawa, kamar koyon yin magana Khoekhoegowab, yaren Nama mai daidaituwa, canza sunan mutum (musamman a kan kafofin sada zumunta), ko kuma yana nufin manyan mutane a tarihin Khoisan. [7] Sabuwar hanyar (sake) gina asalin Khoisan na zamani ta yiwu ta hanyar sake farfado da harshen Khoekhoegowab. Sake gina asalin Khoisan na zamani, wanda ya haɗa da amfani da ci gaban yaren Khoekhoegowab, yana da mahimmanci ga farfadowar Khoisan kuma yana da tushe a cikin ilimin mulkin mallaka.[8] Kungiyar farfadowa ta Khoisan ta haifar da kungiyoyi, irin su Khoi da San Active Awareness Group (KSAAG), wadanda membobinsu ke koyar da Khoekhoegowab. [9][8] KSAAG ta ci gaba da cewa ya kamata a adana al'adun harshe na Khoi da San (Bushmen) kuma a inganta su.[9]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 Rakei, Simon (2019). "The Khoisan Revivalist Movement and the Decolonial Turn: Authenticity, naming and cultural identities in Khoisan historiography for epistemic justice". WritingThreeSixty (in Turanci). 5 (1). ISSN 2708-6119.
- 1 2 3 Verbuyst, Rafael (2016-05-31). "Claiming Cape Town: towards a symbolic interpretation of Khoisan activism and land claims". Anthropology Southern Africa. 39 (2): 83–96. doi:10.1080/23323256.2016.1171159. ISSN 2332-3256. S2CID 148151060.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Veracini, Lorenzo; Verbuyst, Rafael (2020-05-03). "South Africa's settler-colonial present: Khoisan revivalism and the question of indigeneity". Social Dynamics. 46 (2): 259–276. doi:10.1080/02533952.2020.1805883. ISSN 0253-3952. S2CID 222232366. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - 1 2 3 "'Not black enough' : changing expressions of coloured identity in post-apartheid South Africa : feature : ten years of democracy". South African Historical Journal (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-10-24.
- ↑ Adhikari, Mohamed (2010-06-01). "A total extinction confidently hoped for: the destruction of Cape San society under Dutch colonial rule, 1700–1795". Journal of Genocide Research. 12 (1–2): 19–44. doi:10.1080/14623528.2010.508274. ISSN 1462-3528. PMID 20941880. S2CID 43522981.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:4 - ↑ Veracini, Lorenzo; Verbuyst, Rafael (2020-05-03). "South Africa's settler-colonial present: Khoisan revivalism and the question of indigeneity". Social Dynamics. 46 (2): 259–276. doi:10.1080/02533952.2020.1805883. ISSN 0253-3952. S2CID 222232366.
- 1 2 Barnabas, Shanade; Miya, Samukelisiwe (2019-09-03). "KhoeSan Identity and Language in South Africa: Articulations of Reclamation". Critical Arts. 33 (4–5): 89–103. doi:10.1080/02560046.2019.1702071. ISSN 0256-0046. S2CID 214327058.
- 1 2 "Khoi & San Active Awareness Group (KSAAG)". Khoi & San Active Awareness Group (KSAAG) (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-10-24.