Farko na Somalia
 Farko na Somalia | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Somaliya |
Proto-Somalis sune tsoffin mutane da kakannin Somalis waɗanda ke zaune a Somaliya ta yanzu. Littattafai game da proto-Somalis galibi suna amfani da lokacin-tsarin da ya shafi karni na 1 BC da karni na 1 AD.[1]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Puntites sun kasance tsoffin Cushites waɗanda aka yi imanin sun sayar da myrrh, kayan yaji, zinariya, ebony, shanu masu gajeren ƙaho, hauren giwa, da turare tare da makwabta Tsohon Misira da kuma Mesopotamiya ta dā ta hanyar tashar jiragen ruwa. Wani balaguron tsohuwar Masar da aka aiko zuwa Punt ta daular 18 Sarauniya Hatshepsut an rubuta shi a kan haikalin haikalin a Deir el-Bahari, a lokacin mulkin Puntite Sarki Parahu da Sarauniya Ati .
A zamanin gargajiya, Macrobians, waɗanda suka kasance kakannin Automoli ko Somalis na dā, sun kafa mulkin ƙabila mai ƙarfi wanda ya mallaki manyan sassan Somaliya na zamani. An san su da tsawon rayuwarsu da wadata kuma an ce su ne "mafi tsayi da kyau a cikin dukkan mutane". Macrobians sun kasance makiyaya da masu aikin jirgin ruwa. A cewar labarin Herodotus, Sarkin sarakuna na Farisa Cambyses II, a kan nasarar da ya yi a Misira (525 BC), ya aika jakadu zuwa Macrobia, yana kawo kyaututtuka masu tsada ga sarkin Macrobian don yaudare shi. Mai mulkin Macrobian, wanda aka zaba bisa ga tsayinsa da kyakkyawa, ya amsa a maimakon haka da ƙalubale ga takwaransa na Farisa a cikin hanyar baka marar igiya: idan Farisa za su iya gudanar da zana shi, za su sami damar mamaye ƙasarsa; amma har zuwa wannan lokacin, ya kamata su gode wa alloli cewa Macrobians ba su taɓa yanke shawarar mamaye daularsu ba.[2] Macrobians sun kasance ikon yanki da aka sani da gine-ginen su na ci gaba da wadatar zinariya, wanda ya kasance mai yawa har suka ɗaure fursunonin su a cikin sarƙoƙi na zinariya.[3] Harla mutane ne da ba a san su ba waɗanda aka ba su kyauta don gina abubuwan tunawa daban-daban a Horn Afirka masu yiwuwa ne 'yan takara na Proto-Somali.[4]
Bayan faduwar Macrobia, wasu birane masu arziki na zamanin d ̄ a na Somalia sun fito, kamar Malao, Mundus, Mosylon da, Opone, waɗanda suka yi gasa da Sabaeans, Parthians, da Axumites don cinikin Indo-Greco-Roman masu arziki sun bunƙasa a Somalia. Masu aikin jirgin ruwa da 'Yan kasuwa na Somaliya sune manyan masu samar da zinariya, azurfa, duwatsu masu daraja, turare, myrrh, gum, gishiri, dabbobi, hauren giwa, gashin tsuntsaye, fata (fatar), da kayan yaji, abubuwan da aka dauka a matsayin alatu mai daraja.
Sauran sanannun biranen Somalia sun hada da Avalite, Bulhar, Botiala, Essina, Damo, Hannassa, Sarapion, Nikon, Toniki, Gondal, Macajilayn, Salweyn, da Miandi. Matafiya na tsohuwar Girka ciki har da Strabo da Cosmas Indicopleustes sun ziyarci tsibirin Somaliya tsakanin karni na 1 da 5. Helenawa sun kira Somalis a matsayin Barbaria kuma ƙasarsu a matsayin Bar Barbars.
Halitta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Somalis, Lokaci zuwa Tsohon Tsohon Kwanan nan (TMRCA) an kiyasta shi shekaru 4000-5000 (2,500 KZ) don haplogroup E-M78 cluster γ da shekaru 2100-2200 (150 KZ) ga masu ɗaukar T-M184 na Somaliya.[5]
Ana samun zurfin subclade E-Y18629 a Somalis kuma yana da kwanan wata na 3,600 YBP (shekaru kafin yanzu) da TMRCA na 2,600 YBP.[6]
Jihohi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai misalai da yawa na jihohin proto-Somali. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da:
- Yankin Ajan
- Aromata
- Macrobians
- Ƙasar Punt
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Ali, Mohamed Nuuh (1983). "A linguistic outline of early Somali history" (PDF). Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies. 12 (3). doi:10.5070/F7123017147. ISSN 0041-5715. Retrieved 2020-04-10.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Wheeler pg 526". - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Kitto2". - ↑ Bogale, Wagaw. "A History of Derbé Belanbel Historical and Cultural Site". Journal of Tourism.
- ↑ Sanchez, Juan J.; Hallenberg, Charlotte; Børsting, Claus; Hernandez, Alexis; Morling, Niels (July 2005). "High frequencies of Y chromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11, DYS392-12 in Somali males". European Journal of Human Genetics. 13 (7): 856–866. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201390. ISSN 1018-4813. PMID 15756297.
- ↑ "E-Y18629 YTree". www.yfull.com. Retrieved 2019-09-09.