Fasaha mai daurewa
 Fasaha mai daurewa | |
|---|---|
academic discipline (en)  | |
Central_building_Broadway_Sydney-1.jpg) | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Sumfuri |
| Fuskar |
sustainability (en) |
| Amfani wajen |
sustainable architecture (en) |
Zane mai ɗorewa na muhalli (wanda ake kira ƙira mai kula da muhalli, ƙirar yanayi, da sauransu) shine falsafar zayyana abubuwa na zahiri, yanayin da aka gina, da sabis don bin ka'idodin dorewar muhalli kuma da nufin haɓaka lafiya da kwanciyar hankali na mazauna cikin gini.[1][2] Zane mai dorewa yana neman rage mummunan tasiri a kan muhalli, lafiya da jin daɗin ginin gine-gine, don haka inganta aikin ginin. Asalin maƙasudin dorewa shine rage yawan amfani da albarkatun da ba za a iya sabuntawa ba, rage sharar gida, da ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau, mai albarka.
Ka'idar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Zane mai dorewa yana nufin "kawar da mummunan tasirin muhalli ta hanyar ƙware mai ƙira".[1] Bayyanar ƙirar ƙira mai ɗorewa na buƙatar albarkatu masu sabuntawa da sabbin abubuwa don tasirin muhalli kaɗan, da haɗa mutane da yanayin yanayi.
"'Yan Adam ba su da matsalar gurbatar yanayi; suna da matsalar ƙira. Idan mutane za su ƙirƙira kayayyaki, kayan aiki, kayan daki, gidaje, masana'antu, da birane da hankali tun daga farko, ba za su ma buƙatar yin tunani game da sharar gida, gurɓatawa, ko rashin ƙarfi ba. Kyakkyawan ƙira zai ba da damar yin amfani da yawa, sake amfani da shi, da jin daɗi." - The Upcycle ta marubuta Michael Braungart da William McDonough, 2013.
Hukunce-hukuncen da ke da alaƙa da ƙira suna faruwa a ko'ina kowace rana, suna yin tasiri "ci gaba mai dorewa" ko tanadi don buƙatun rayuwa na gaba a duniya. Dorewa da ƙira suna da alaƙa da kusanci. A sauƙaƙe, an tsara makomarmu. Kalmar "tsari" ana amfani da ita a nan don komawa ga ayyukan da aka yi amfani da su wajen kera kayayyaki, ayyuka, da kasuwanci da dabarun ƙirƙira--duk waɗanda ke ba da ɗorewa. Ana iya tunanin dorewa a matsayin dukiyar ci gaba; wato abin da ke dawwama yana iya ci gaba.[3]
Matsalolin tunani
Ragewar dawowa
Manufar raguwar dawowa, wanda aka saba kwatanta ta hanyar 'S' a cikin tsarin rayuwar fasaha, yana nufin raguwar fa'idar da aka samu daga ci gaba da saka hannun jari ko ƙoƙari. A cikin fagage kamar ilimin kimiyyar masana'antu da kima na rayuwa, wannan ra'ayi yana da alaƙa da ƙarshen amfani na tsarin. Littattafan gudanarwa sun nuna cewa lokacin da hanyoyin gargajiya suka kai ga raguwar dawowa, zai iya sa ƙungiyoyi su sake tantance dabarun su da kuma gano wasu damammaki.[4]
Duba kuma:
Dokar rage dawowa
Ƙarfafa mai amfani
Jevons paradox
Zuba jari mara dorewa
Matsala ta taso lokacin da iyakokin albarkatu ke da wuya a gani, don haka ƙara yawan zuba jari don mayar da martani ga raguwar dawowa na iya zama mai riba kamar yadda yake a cikin Bala'i na Commons, amma yana iya haifar da rushewa. An kuma yi nazari kan wannan matsala ta karuwar saka hannun jari wajen rage albarkatu a matsayin sanadin rugujewar wayewa ta Joseph Tainter da sauransu.[5] Wannan kuskuren dabi'a a manufofin saka hannun jari ya ba da gudummawa ga rushewar Rum da Mayan, da sauransu. Sauƙaƙe albarkatu fiye da kima yana buƙatar rage matsa lamba akan su, ba a ci gaba da ƙara shi ba ko da inganci ko a'a.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 McLennan, J. F. (2004), The Philosophy of Sustainable Design
- ↑ "Environmental Sustainable Design (ESD) | the City of Greater Bendigo". www.bendigo.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 2022-06-15
- ↑ The End of Unsustainable Design, Jax Wechsler, December 17, 2014.
- ↑ John Hagel, "Breaking Out of the Trap of Diminishing Returns," Marketing Journal, May 22, 2018.
- ↑ JA Tainter 1988 The Collapse of Complex Societies Cambridge Univ. Press ISBN 978-0521386739
- ↑ Buzz Holling 1973 Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems