Fasahar da al'umma

• Anthropology of technology
• Appropriate technology
• Samfuri:Annotated link
• Critique of technology
• Cultural lag
• High technology
• History of science and technology
• Information culture
• Knowledge economy
• List of emerging technologies
• The Lucas Plan
• Technological convergence
• Technological superpowers
• Technopoly: the Surrender of Culture to Technology
• Theories of technology

Fasahar da al'umma
research topic (en)

fasaha, al'umma da rayuwa ko fasaha da al'adu suna nufin hadin kai, hadin kai, tasiri, da haɗin kai na fasaha da al-umma akan juna. An sami shaidar wannan hadin gwiwa tun lokacin da bil'adama suka fara amfani da kayan aiki masu sauƙi. Dangantakar ta ci gaba kamar yadda fasahar zamani kamar na'urar bugawa da kwamfutoci suka taimaka wajen tsara al'umma. Hanyar kimiyya ta farko ga wannan dangantakar ta faru ne tare da ci gaban tektology, "kimiyya ta ƙungiya", a farkon karni na ashirin na Daular Rasha. A cikin ilimin kimiyya na zamani, nazarin hadin gwiwa game da tasirin juna na kimiyya, fasaha, da al'umma, ana kiransa kimiyya da nazarin fasaha.

Hanyar da ta fi sauki ita ce ci gaba da amfani da kayan aiki na asali. Binciken da aka yi a zamanin da ya gabata game da yadda za a sarrafa wuta da kuma Juyin Juya Halin Neolithic na baya ya kara yawan hanyoyin da ake samu na abinci, kuma kirkirar motar ta taimaka wa mutane suyi tafiya da sarrafa mahallinsu. Ci gaban da ya faru a lokutan tarihi ya rage shingen jiki ga sadarwa kuma ya ba da damar mutane su yi hulɗa kyauta a kan sikelin duniya, kamar na'urar buga littattafai, tarho, da Intanet.

Fasahar ta bunkasa tattalin arziki ci gaba, kamar Tattalin arzikin duniya na zamani, kuma ya haifar da hauhawar aji na nishaɗi. Yawancin matakai na fasaha suna samar da samfurori da aka sani da gurɓataccen yanayi, kuma suna lalata albarkatun ƙasa don lalata yanayin duniya. Sabbin abubuwa suna tasiri ga dabi'u al'umma kuma suna tayar da sabbin tambayoyi a cikin ka'idojin fasaha. Misalan sun haɗa da haɓaka ra'ayin inganci dangane da yawan amfanin ɗan adam, da ƙalubalen bioethics.

Tattaunawar falsafa ta taso game da amfani da fasaha, tare da rashin jituwa game da ko fasaha tana inganta Yanayin ɗan adam ko kuma ta kara masa muni. Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, da irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi masu rikitarwa suna sukar yaduwar fasaha, suna jayayya cewa yana cutar da muhalli kuma yana ware mutane. Koyaya, masu goyon bayan akidar kamar su Trans-Humanism da techno-progressivism suna kallon ci gaba da ci gaban fasaha kamar yadda yake da fa'ida ga al'umma da Yanayin ɗan adam.

Wasu tallafin karatu suna kusantar fasaha da al'umma daga hangen nesa na ci gaban ƙasa, kamar yadda yake a Fahimtar Fasaha a cikin Ma'anar Ci gaban Kasa: Tunanin Muhimmanci, wanda ke jaddada yadda ikon mulki, ababen more rayuwa na dijital, da mahallin ma'aikata ke sulhunta sakamakon zamantakewa.

Kafin tarihi

Masanin ilimin farko, Richard Wrangham, ya yi la'akari da cewa kula da wuta ta mutane na farko da noma ci gaban dafa abinci shine hasken da ya canza Juyin Halitta na ɗan adam. Littattafai irin su Guns, Germs, da Karfe sun nuna cewa ci gaba na farko a cikin aikin gona da kiwo ya canza hanyar da kungiyoyin mutane, da kuma al'ummomi, suka bunkasa.

Misalan zamani da tasirin

Fasahar ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'umma da rayuwar yau da kullun. Lokacin da al'ummomi suka fi sani game da ci gaba a cikin fasaha, suna iya amfani da shi. Lokacin da wani sabon abu ya kai wani batu bayan an gabatar da shi kuma an inganta shi, wannan fasahar ta zama wani ɓangare na al'umma. Amfani da fasaha a cikin ilimi yana ba wa ɗalibai ilimin fasaha, ilimin bayanai, damar ilmantarwa na tsawon rayuwa, da sauran ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don wurin aiki na ƙarni na 21. Fasahar dijital ta shiga kowane tsari da aikin da tsarin zamantakewa ya yi. A zahiri, ya gina wani Tsarin sadarwa na duniya ban da asalinsa.

Wani binciken da The New York Times ya yi a shekarar 1982 ya bayyana binciken kimanta fasahar da Cibiyar Nazarin Makomar ta yi, "da ke shiga cikin makomar duniyar lantarki. " Nazarin ya mayar da hankali kan masana'antar videotex mai tasowa, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar auren tsofaffin fasahohi biyu, sadarwa, da lissafi. Ya kiyasta cewa kashi 40 cikin 100 na gidajen Amurka za su sami sabis na bidiyo na biyu a ƙarshen karni. Idan aka kwatanta, ya ɗauki shekaru 16 na talabijin don shiga kashi 90 cikin 100 na gidaje daga lokacin da aka fara sabis na kasuwanci.

Tun lokacin da aka kirkiro kwamfutoci sun sami kyakkyawar hanyar watsawa da adana bayanai. Fasahar dijital ta zama ana amfani da ita don sauke kiɗa da kallon fina-finai a gida ko dai ta hanyar DVD ko sayen shi a kan layi. Rubuce-rubucen kiɗa na dijital ba daidai ba ne da kafofin watsa labarai na rikodin gargajiya. A bayyane yake, saboda na dijital ana iya sakewa, ana iya ɗaukar su kyauta.

Kodayake waɗannan misalai na baya kawai suna nuna wasu bangarori masu kyau na fasaha a cikin al'umma, akwai mummunan sakamako. A cikin wannan yanki mai kama-da-wane, dandamali na kafofin sada zumunta kamar Instagram, Facebook, da Snapchat sun canza hanyar da al'adun Generation Y ke fahimtar duniya kuma ta haka ne suke kallon kansu. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami ƙarin bincike game da ci gaban matsalar kafofin sada zumunta a cikin masu amfani da shafukan yanar gizo kamar waɗannan. "Rashin jin daɗi na Facebook" shine lokacin da masu amfani suka shafi sakonnin abokansu da rayuwarsu har kishiyarsu ta lalata jin daɗin kansu. Suna kwatanta kansu da sakonnin da takwarorinsu suka yi kuma suna jin ba su cancanci ba ko kuma ba su da kyau saboda suna jin kamar rayuwarsu ba ta da ban sha'awa kamar rayuwar wasu.

Fasahar tana da mummunar tasiri ga lafiyar matasa. An ce yawan amfani da fasaha yana da alaƙa da hana barci wanda ke da alaƙa ti kiba da rashin aikin ilimi a rayuwar matasa.

Tattalin arziki da ci gaban fasaha

Rashin nukiliya, Doel, Belgium

A cikin tarihin d ̄ a, tattalin arziki ya fara ne lokacin da aka maye gurbin musayar kayayyaki da aiyuka a tsawon lokaci ta hanyar tsarin kasuwanci da gangan. Masu yin arrowheads, alal misali, na iya fahimtar cewa za su iya yin mafi kyau ta hanyar mai da hankali kan yin arrowhead da musayar don wasu buƙatu. Ba tare da la'akari da kayayyaki da ayyuka da aka musayar ba, wasu fasahohi sun shiga - idan ba fiye da yin kwalba da kayan ado ba. Ko da magungunan shaman da abubuwa masu tsarki za a iya cewa sun haɗa da wasu fasaha. Don haka, daga farkon, ana iya cewa fasaha ta haifar da ci gaban tattalin arziki mafi girma. Ana ganin fasaha a matsayin tushen farko a ci gaban tattalin arziki.

Ci gaban fasaha da ci gaban tattalin arziki suna da alaƙa da juna. Matsayin fasaha yana da mahimmanci don tantance ci gaban tattalin arziki. Tsarin fasaha ne wanda ke kiyaye tattalin arziki.

A cikin duniyar zamani, manyan fasahohi, albarkatu, yanayin ƙasa, da tarihi suna haifar da tattalin arziki mai ƙarfi; kuma a cikin tattalin arziki mai aiki sosai, tattalin arziki mai karfi, yawan tattalin arziki yana gudana cikin amfani da fasaha. Bugu da ƙari, saboda fasaha wani bangare ne na al'ummar ɗan adam, musamman a fannonin tattalin arziki, hanyoyin samar da kudade don (sabon) ƙoƙarin fasaha kusan ba su da iyaka. Koyaya, yayin da a farkon, saka hannun jari na fasaha ya haɗa da lokaci, ƙoƙari, da ƙwarewar mutum ɗaya ko kaɗan, a yau, irin wannan saka hannun jari zai iya haɗawa da aiki da ƙwarewa na miliyoyin mutane.

Kwanan nan, saboda annobar COVID-19, yawan kamfanonin da ke amfani da fasahar dijital mai ci gaba a cikin ayyukansu ya karu sosai. An gano cewa kamfanonin da suka karɓi fasaha sun fi shirye don magance matsalar cutar. Shirye-shiryen daidaitawa a cikin hanyar aiki mai nisa, bugawa 3D, da amfani da nazarin manyan bayanai da AI don tsara ayyukan don daidaitawa da cutar sun sami damar tabbatar da ingantaccen ci gaban aiki.