Fashewar Dutsen Vesuvius a cikin 79 AD
 Fashewar Dutsen Vesuvius a cikin 79 AD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Plinian eruption (en)  | ||||
 | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Ƙasa | Daular Rumawa | |||
| Kwanan wata | 24 Oktoba 79 da 23 Nuwamba, 79 | |||
| Destroyed (en) |
Pompeii, Herculaneum (en) , Stabiae (en) da Oplontis (en) | |||
| Yana haddasa |
destruction of Pompeii (en) | |||
| Volcanic explosivity index (en) |
Volcanic explosivity index 5: Plinian (en) | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
| Fashewar Dutsen Vesuvius a cikin 79 AD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Plinian eruption (en) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Ƙasa | Daular Rumawa | |||
| Kwanan wata | 24 Oktoba 79 da 23 Nuwamba, 79 | |||
| Destroyed (en) |
Pompeii, Herculaneum (en) , Stabiae (en) da Oplontis (en) | |||
| Yana haddasa |
destruction of Pompeii (en) | |||
| Volcanic explosivity index (en) |
Volcanic explosivity index 5: Plinian (en) | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
A cikin shekara ta 79 AD, Dutsen Vesuvius, wani tsibiri mai tsattsauran ra'ayi da ke cikin yankin Campania na zamani, ya fashe, wanda ya haifar da fashewar mafi muni a tarihi. Vesuvius ya fitar da gajimare na tephra mai zafi da iskar gas zuwa tsayin kilomita 33 (21 mi), yana fitar da narkakkar dutse, datti da toka mai zafi a tan miliyan 1.5 a cikin dakika 1.5, a ƙarshe ya sake sakin 100,000 sau 100,000 ƙarfin zafi na makamashin atomic da fashewar Naga Hirsaki. Lamarin ya ba da sunansa ga nau'in fashewar volcanic na Vesuvian, wanda ke da ginshiƙan iskar gas mai zafi da toka da ke kaiwa ga mashigar ruwa, kodayake taron ya haɗa da kwararar pyroclastic da ke da alaƙa da fashewar Peléan.
Wannan taron ya lalata garuruwan Roman da yawa da ƙauyuka a yankin. Pompeii da Herculaneum, waɗanda aka shafe kuma aka binne su a ƙarƙashin manyan tsaunuka na pyroclastic da kuma asarar ashfall, sune shahararrun misalai.[1] Binciken archaeological ya bayyana yawancin garuruwa da rayuwar mazauna, wanda ya haifar da yankin ya zama Vesuvius National Park da UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Adadin mutanen biranen biyu sun kai sama da 20,000.[2] An gano gawarwakin mutane sama da 1,500 a Pompeii da Herculaneum. Adadin wadanda suka mutu daga fashewar ba a sani ba.
Girgizar ƙasa da ta gabata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Babban girgizar ƙasa [3] ya haifar da lalacewa a kusa da Bay of Naples, musamman ga Pompeii, a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 62 AD. Wasu daga cikin lalacewar har yanzu ba a gyara su ba lokacin da dutsen ya fashe a cikin 79 AD.[4]
Wani karamin girgizar ƙasa ya faru a 64 AD; Suetonius ne ya rubuta shi a cikin Tarihi rayuwar Nero, [5] kuma Tacitus a cikin Annales saboda ya faru ne yayin da Nero ke Naples yana yin wasan kwaikwayo a karon farko a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na jama'a. [6] Suetonius ya rubuta cewa sarki ya ci gaba da raira waƙa a cikin girgizar ƙasa har sai ya gama waƙarsa, yayin da Tacitus ya rubuta gore gidan wasan kwaikwayon ya rushe jim kadan bayan an kwashe su.
An bayar da rahoton ƙananan girgizar ƙasa a cikin kwanaki huɗu kafin fashewar 79 AD, amma ba a gane gargadi ba. Mazaunan yankin da ke kewaye da Dutsen Vesuvius sun saba da ƙananan girgizar ƙasa a yankin; Pliny the Younger ya rubuta cewa "ba su da matukar damuwa saboda suna da yawa a Campania".
Yanayin fashewar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sake ginawa na fashewar da tasirinsa sun bambanta sosai a cikin cikakkun bayanai amma suna da siffofi iri ɗaya. Fashewar ta dauki kwanaki biyu.[7] Pliny the Younger, marubucin rubuce-rubucen da ya tsira, ya bayyana safiya kafin fashewar kamar yadda ya saba; duk da haka, yana zaune a Misenum, kilomita 29 (18 daga dutsen mai fitattun wuta a fadin Bay of Naples. Ranar farko ta fashewar ba ta da tasiri sosai a kan Misenum.[7] Ba a taɓa ambata Pompeii a cikin wasikar Pliny the Younger ba.[8]
Kusan karfe 1:00 na yamma, Dutsen Vesuvius ya fashe da karfi, yana fitar da wani shafi mai tsawo wanda toka da pumice suka fara fadowa, suna rufe yankin.[9] Ceto da tserewa sun faru a cikin 'yan sa'o'i masu zuwa.[9] A wani lokaci da daddare ko da wuri washegari, an fara kwararar wuta a kusa da dutsen mai fitilu; an fassara fitilu da aka gani a kan dutsen a matsayin wuta, kuma mutane da ke nesa kamar Misenum sun gudu don rayukansu.[9] Ruwan ya kasance mai saurin motsi, mai yawa, kuma mai zafi sosai, gaba ɗaya ko kuma wani ɓangare yana rushe duk tsarin da ke cikin hanyarsu, yana ƙonewa ko ƙone sauran jama'a.
harshen wuta mai zurfi ya haskaka a wurare da yawa daga Dutsen Vesuvius, wanda duhu na dare ya ba da gudummawa don sa har yanzu ya fi haske da haske. Yanzu rana ce a ko'ina, amma akwai duhu mai zurfi fiye da dare mafi zurfi.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Andrew Wallace-Hadrill (October 15, 2010). "Pompeii: Portents of Disaster". BBC History. Archived from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
- ↑ Maiuri, Amedeo (April 1958). "Pompeii". Scientific American. 198: 70. Bibcode:1958SciAm.198d..68M. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0458-68. JSTOR 24940972.
- ↑ "Catalogo Parametrico dei Terrimoti Italiani" (PDF). Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2020.
- ↑ Jones, Rick (September 28, 2007). "Visiting Pompeii – AD 79 – Vesuvius explodes". Current Archeology. Archived from the original on March 8, 2012. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Sigurðsson, Haraldur; Cashdollar, Stanford; Sparks, R. Stephen J. (January 1982). "The Eruption of Vesuvius in A. D. 79: Reconstruction from Historical and Volcanological Evidence". American Journal of Archaeology. 86 (1): 39–51. doi:10.2307/504292. JSTOR 504292. S2CID 11714919.
- ↑ Laske, Gabi. "The A.D. 79 Eruption at Mt. Vesuvius". SIO15 lecture notes. University of California, San Diego. Archived from the original on April 19, 2024. Retrieved April 21, 2024.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Sigurðsson, Haraldur; Cashdollar, Stanford; Sparks, R. Stephen J. (January 1982). "The Eruption of Vesuvius in A. D. 79: Reconstruction from Historical and Volcanological Evidence". American Journal of Archaeology. 86 (1): 39–51. doi:10.2307/504292. JSTOR 504292. S2CID 11714919.