Fashewar ambaliya

Fashewar ambaliya
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	ambaliya

A cikin ilimin lissafi, ambaliya mai fashe-wani nau'in megaflood - babban bala'i ne mai girma, ƙarancin mitar ambaliya wanda ya haɗa da sakin ruwa mai yawa kwatsam.^[1]^[2] A lokacin rugujewar ta ƙarshe, yawancin tabkin ƙanƙara da suka fashe ambaliya sun haifar da rushewar ko dai kankara ko glaciers waɗanda suka kafa madatsun ruwa na tafkuna. Misalai na tsofaffin fashe ambaliya an san su daga abubuwan da suka gabata na duniya kuma an samo su daga shaidar geomorphological akan Mars. Zabtarewar kasa, lahar, da madatsun ruwa masu aman wuta kuma suna iya toshe koguna da kuma haifar da tafkuna, wanda ke jawo irin wannan ambaliya a lokacin da dutsen ko shingen kasa ya rushe ko kuma ya rushe. Har ila yau, tabkuna suna tasowa a bayan raye-rayen glacial ko madatsun ruwa, wanda zai iya rushewa da haifar da ambaliya.^[3]

Ma,ana da Rabe-Rabe

Megafloods paleofloods ne ( ambaliyar ruwa da ta gabata) waɗanda suka haɗa da yawan kwararar ruwa fiye da waɗanda ke cikin tarihin tarihi. Ana yin nazarin su ta hanyar ma'auni na ƙasa da ƙazamar ƙasa da gine-ginen da kowane megafulods ya haifar. Ambaliyar ruwa da aka san mu ta hanyar bayanin tarihi galibi suna da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanayi, kamar ruwan sama mai yawa, saurin narkewar fakitin dusar ƙanƙara, ko haɗuwa da waɗannan. A cikin abubuwan da suka gabata na duniya, duk da haka, binciken binciken ƙasa ya nuna cewa abubuwan da suka fi girma sun faru.[3] Dangane da barkewar ambaliya, irin wannan ambaliya na da nasaba da rugujewar wani shingen da ya kafa tafki. Sun faɗi cikin rarrabuwa mai zuwa bisa ga tsarin da ke da alhakin:

Rushewar madatsun ruwa masu kankara waɗanda ke mamaye tafkunan masu tasowa ( Ambaliyar Missoula).

Yashwa da sauri, narkewar zanen kankara (jökulhlaups).

Rushewar shingen ƙasa (zaizayar ƙasa ko glacial moraines).

Rushewar madatsun ruwa masu aman wuta da kwararowar lava, lahar, ko kwararar pyroclastic suka haifar.

Sama da shingen ƙasa ko dutse

Tafkin sama (misali, Tafkin Bonneville).

Tekun da ke zubewa a kan raƙuman raƙuman ruwa zuwa cikin kwandon da ba ta da ƙasa (misali, ambaliyar Zanclean da ambaliya ta Bahar Black).^[4]Misali mafi ƙanƙanta zai zama zaizayar ƙasa ta Pantai Remis.

Misalai

Misalai inda aka rubuta shaidar manyan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na daɗaɗɗen ruwa ko kuma ana bincike sun haɗa da:

Ambaliyar tafkunan da zabtarewar kasa suka samu

Misali shi ne ambaliya da ta haifar da daya daga cikin bala'o'i mafi muni da suka shafi zabtarewar kasa a tarihi a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1786. Zaftarewar dam a kogin Dadu na Sichuan, wanda girgizar kasa ta haifar kwanaki goma da suka wuce, ta fashe tare da haddasa ambaliya da ta kai kilomita 1,400 (870 mi) a kasa kuma ta kashe mutane 100,500.

Komawa bayan glacial

Komawa bayan glacial yana canza karkatar ƙasa. A cikin tafkuna, wannan yana nufin cewa gaɓar teku suna nutsewa zuwa wani wuri mai nisa daga tsohon iyakar zurfin ƙanƙara. Lokacin da tafkin ya tsaya a kan esker, matsa lamba na ruwa yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙara zurfin zurfi. Esker na iya gazawa a ƙarƙashin kaya kuma ya fashe, ƙirƙirar sabon fita. Tafkin Pielinen a Finland misali ne na wannan.

Manazarta

↑ O'Connor, Jim E.; Beebee, Robin A. (2009). "Floods from natural rock-material dams". In Burr, Devon M.; Baker, Victor R.; Carling, Paul A. (eds.). Megaflooding on Earth and Mars. Cambridge University Press. pp. 128–71. ISBN 978-0-521-86852-5.
↑ ^{[page needed}
↑ Burr, Devon M.; Wilson, Lionel; Bargery, Alistair S. (2009). "floods from fossae: a review of Amazonian-aged extensional-tectonic megaflood channels on Mars". In Burr, Devon M.; Baker, Victor R.; Carling, Paul A. (eds.). Megaflooding on Earth and Mars. Cambridge University Press. pp. 194–208. ISBN 978-0-521-86852-5.
↑ O'Connor, Jim E.; Beebee, Robin A. (2009). "Floods from natural rock-material dams". In Burr, Devon M.; Baker, Victor R.; Carling, Paul A. (eds.). Megaflooding on Earth and Mars. Cambridge University Press. pp. 128–71. ISBN 978-0-521-86852-5.

[1] O'Connor, Jim E.; Beebee, Robin A. (2009). "Floods from natural rock-material dams". In Burr, Devon M.; Baker, Victor R.; Carling, Paul A. (eds.). Megaflooding on Earth and Mars. Cambridge University Press. pp. 128–71. ISBN 978-0-521-86852-5.

[2] {[page needed}

[3] Burr, Devon M.; Wilson, Lionel; Bargery, Alistair S. (2009). "floods from fossae: a review of Amazonian-aged extensional-tectonic megaflood channels on Mars". In Burr, Devon M.; Baker, Victor R.; Carling, Paul A. (eds.). Megaflooding on Earth and Mars. Cambridge University Press. pp. 194–208. ISBN 978-0-521-86852-5.

[4] O'Connor, Jim E.; Beebee, Robin A. (2009). "Floods from natural rock-material dams". In Burr, Devon M.; Baker, Victor R.; Carling, Paul A. (eds.). Megaflooding on Earth and Mars. Cambridge University Press. pp. 128–71. ISBN 978-0-521-86852-5.

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