Jump to content

Fataucin mutane a Afirka ta Kudu

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Infotaula d'esdevenimentFataucin mutane a Afirka ta Kudu
Iri human activity (en) Fassara
human trafficking by country or territory (en) Fassara
Ƙasa Afirka ta kudu
Nahiya Afirka

Fataucin mutane a Afirka ta Kudu yana faruwa ne a matsayin Aikin tilastawa da cin zarafin jima'i na kasuwanci tsakanin shigo da fitar da maza, mata, da yara. Gabaɗaya, ana fataucin 'yan mata na Afirka ta Kudu don dalilai na cin zarafin jima'i na kasuwanci da bautar gida, yayin da ake amfani da yara maza don sayar da titi, sabis na abinci, da aikin gona.[1] Shaidar da aka bayar ta nuna cewa ana iya tilasta wa yara na Afirka ta Kudu su samar da aikin da ba a biya ba ga masu mallakar ƙasa don dawo da zama a ƙasa, wurin zama, ko kuma don kiyaye haƙƙin haya.[2] A kowane hali, wannan nau'in aikin da ba a biya shi ba ya sa aka bayyana fataucin mutane a matsayin nau'in bautar zamani.[3] Cinikin mutane shine sakamakon haɗuwa da dalilai da yawa, gami da rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi, rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki, da rikice-rikicen siyasa. Tun da Afirka ke fuskantar duk waɗannan, cibiyar aiki ce don fataucin mutane.[4] Mutane da yawa [waɗanda?] suna roƙon buƙatar canjin al'adu don rage lokuta na fataucin mutane ta hanyar rage buƙatar jima'i da aikin da ba a biya ba.[5] 

Kalmomi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Cinikin mutane yana nufin yin amfani da karfi, zamba, ko tilastawa don samun aiki ko aikin jima'i na kasuwanci, a cewar Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Cikin Gida.[6] Ma'anar fataucin mutane ba ta buƙatar jigilar wadanda abin ya shafa. Za su iya kasancewa tsaye kuma har yanzu ana rarraba su a matsayin wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane idan ana cin zarafin su ko kuma suna aiki a matsayin ma'aikata.[7]

Mai cin zarafin jima'i shine duk wanda ke nuna sha'awa ko yin jima'i tare da akalla wanda aka yi wa fataucin mutane.

Bautar bashi tana nufin wani nau'i na bautar da aka yi wa mutum inda aka biya wa mai kula da doka / memba (s) don musayar mutumin da aka ambata. Dole ne su yi aiki don biyan wannan bashin don a sake su.

Garkuwa da mutane shine ɗaukar mutum zuwa wani wuri ba tare da son zuciyarsu ba, ko kuma hana 'yancin mutum da karfi, kamar yadda aka bayyana Wex Legal Dictionary . [8]

Satar mutum shine karbar yaro daga mai kula da su na doka tare da takamaiman niyyar lalata ko karuwanci ga yaron, a cewar Wex Legal Dictionary . [9]

Kasar asali ita ce inda masu fataucin mutane ke daukar wadanda aka azabtar don cin zarafi.[10]

Kasar wucewa ƙasa ce ta matsakaici inda aka tura wanda aka azabtar zuwa bayan daukar ma'aikata. Wadannan ƙasashe galibi suna da ikon sarrafa kan iyaka mara inganci da kuma masu cin hanci da rashawa.[10]

Kasar da aka nufa ita ce wacce ke karbar wadanda abin ya shafa. Tattalin arzikinta gabaɗaya yana da wadata sosai don tallafawa fataucin jima'i.[10]

Kasar cikin gida / ta cikin gida ita ce wacce ake daukar wadanda abin ya shafa kuma ana fataucin su a cikin wannan ƙasa.[10]

Yawan mutanen da aka azabtar

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An kiyasta cewa akwai miliyoyin wadanda abin ya shafa; kodayake ana samun kusan mutane 50-100,000 a kowace shekara.[11] Jami'ar Johannesburg ta ba da rahoton cewa fataucin mutane yana faruwa a dan kadan ga 'yan mata fiye da yara maza, tare da 55.5% na duk mutanen da aka fataucin a Afirka ta Kudu mata ne, kuma 44.5% maza ne. An kiyasta cewa fiye da kashi uku cikin huɗu na duk wadanda abin ya shafa suna tsakanin shekaru 12-25.[12] Kodayake ana daukar mutane da yawa ta hanyar yaudara a madadin mai fataucin mutane, wani lokacin wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutum suna shiga da kansu, yayin da suke fuskantar matsalolin tattalin arziki wanda ke barin su cikin damuwa don rayuwa mafi kyau.[11] Wannan na iya faruwa yayin da masu daukar ma'aikata ko masu karuwanci suka tilasta musu su zama mutum mai fataucin mutane don amfanin ƙarya kamar su albashi mafi kyau, alal misali.[11] Rarraba dukiya mara daidaituwa a Afirka ta Kudu ya bar wadanda abin ya shafa da alkawuran wadata.[7]

Akwai wadanda ke fama da cutar ta farko, wadanda aka rarraba a matsayin mutanen da aka dauka don fataucin mutane, da kuma wadanda ke fama le matsalar ta biyu, kamar mata da aka fataucin kuma yanzu suna aiki a matsayin masu daukar ma'aikata.Masu fataucin mutane sun koyi gano wadanda abin ya shafa a wuraren da babu kariya ga cin zarafi, gwamnati mai rauni, talauci, tilasta bin doka, mukamai na wucin gadi, da wuraren da Diaspora ya zama ruwan dare.[11] Yawancin masu fataucin mutane suna shawo kan wadanda aka azabtar da su su ji tsoron 'yan sanda, saboda ba za a amince da su ba, wanda ke taimakawa wajen riƙe wadanda aka azabta a cikin sake zagayowar fataucin.[11]

Ƙarfafa fataucin mutane

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Masu fataucin mutane na iya kasancewa daga mutanen da ke yin aiki a wasu lokuta zuwa waɗanda ke cikin cibiyoyin aikata laifuka, a cewar Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Shige da Fice.[13] Sau da yawa yana da sauƙi ga masu fataucin mutane suyi aiki a cikin halin da ake ciki na ƙarshe saboda yana sauƙaƙa motsi da shirya waɗanda abin ya shafa.[13]

Bayan wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu a cikin karni na 20, rashin daidaito ya karu yayin da manyan ɗalibai ke riƙe da mafi yawan kuɗin shiga na jihar.[14] Wannan ya kara tsananta halin mata a Afirka na rashin kasancewa a cikin matsayi na iko, saboda yana da wahala ga mutane da yawa su sami ilimi da horar da ƙwarewa. Wannan ya sa mata su zama masu sauƙin kai ga masu fataucin mutane. Mutane da yawa sun yarda su je kasashen waje tare da fatan rayuwa mafi kyau. Masu fataucin mutane suna neman yara daga Afirka saboda rashin tsarin rajistar haihuwa. Wannan ya bar yara masu saukin fataucin mutane saboda ba a san su ba kuma suna da wuyar gano su zuwa ƙasarsu ko asalin su.[15] Wadannan wadanda abin ya shafa ana kai su Afirka ta Kudu. Ukuthwala (auren yara) al'ada ce da aka saba amfani da ita a wasu lardunan Afirka ta Kudu inda 'yan mata ke auren tsofaffi, wanda kuma zai iya haifar da wasu wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane.[16]

Nazarin shari'a

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wani asibiti a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu ya yi ikirarin aikata laifuka 109 na kwayar halitta ba bisa ka'ida ba, inda aka biya wadanda abin ya shafa a Brazil da Romania kamar $ 6,000 don gabobin da suka kai ko'ina daga $ 100,000-120,000.[17] Wannan keta dokar Tissue Human Act of 1983 ce ta Afirka ta Kudu wacce ke kare kananan yara daga amfani da su don dasa gabobin da sayar da gabobin don riba.[14] Afirka ta Kudu sanannen wuri ne don girbi gaɓoɓin jiki saboda canjin canji tsakanin kuɗin Afirka ta Kudu da dala na Amurka yana bawa masu karɓa damar biyan kuɗi mafi girma. Bugu da ƙari, Afirka ta Kudu tana da kashi 2% kawai na yawan jama'a a cikin rajistar kwayar halitta, kuma likitoci da yawa da suka cancanta suna son yin kwayar cutar.

Hanyoyin fataucin mutane

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hanyoyin fataucin mutane suna zaɓar wuraren wucewa inda jami'an gwamnati da 'yan sanda ke cin hanci da rashawa, suna barin masu fataucin da ba su da haɗarin kamawa da waɗanda abin ya shafa ba su da bege na samun taimako.[18]

yawon shakatawa na jima'i na yara ya zama ruwan dare a ciki da tsakanin biranen Afirka ta Kudu da yawa, musamman biranen Johannesburg da Cape Town. Mata da 'yan mata daga wasu ƙasashen Afirka galibi ana shigo da su zuwa Afirka ta Kudu don cin zarafin jima'i na kasuwanci, bautar gida, da sauran ayyukan a bangaren sabis. Lokaci-lokaci, ana ɗaukar waɗannan mata zuwa Turai don cin zarafin jima'i. Yawancin matan Thai, Sinawa, da Turai galibi ana fataucin su kuma ana cin zarafinsu a Afirka ta Kudu don bautar bashi. Matasa maza da yara maza daga Mozambique, Zimbabwe, da Malawi ana fataucin su zuwa Afirka ta Kudu don aikin gona, suna tsawaita watanni ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba kafin "ma'aikata" su kama su kuma su kore su a matsayin baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba. Kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da aka shirya - gami da ƙungiyoyin Najeriya, Sinawa, da Gabashin Turai, ƙungiyoyin gida da 'yan sanda suna sauƙaƙa fataucin mutane a ciki da cikin Afirka ta Kudu, musamman don manufar cin zarafin jima'i.

Ana yawan kai wadanda abin ya shafa a Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Ireland, Amurka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya a matsayin ma'aikatan gida. Wadanda abin ya shafa daga kasashe daban-daban kamar Thailand, Philippines, China, da Rasha ana fataucin su zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Saboda haka, ana ɗaukar Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin asalin, wucewa, makoma, da ƙasa ta ciki / ta cikin gida dangane da fataucin yara.

Karewa da rigakafi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai rashin amintaccen kididdiga game da fataucin mutane, yana rufe gaskiyar game da fatauchin mutane a Afirka ta Kudu. Tun da yake an san irin wannan kadan, yana da wahala a tantancewa da kuma yaki da halin da ake ciki.[18] Amurka ta zartar da Dokar Rigakafi da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Mutane a cikin 2013, wanda tsohon shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Jacob Zuma ya sanya hannu.[19] Koyaya, an sami ɗan canji kaɗan kuma an yanke wa masu fataucin mutane 3 hukunci, kuma an gurfanar da mutane 12 a wannan shekarar.[20]

A shekara ta 2008, an sanya Afirka ta Kudu a cikin jerin Tier 2 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, wanda ya sanya shi a matsayin ƙasa wanda a halin yanzu ba ta bi mafi ƙarancin ka'idojin TVPA game da fataucin mutane, amma tana yin ƙoƙari don yin biyayya.[21] Gwamnati ta ba da isasshen bayanai game da bincike ko gurfanar da laifukan fataucin mutane ko kuma sakamakon hukunci ko hukunci. Bugu da kari, ba ta samar da bayanai game da kokarin da take yi na kare wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane ba kuma ta ci gaba da fitar da su da kuma gurfanar da wadanda ake zargi da wadanda ke fama le kasashen waje ba tare da samar da ayyukan kariya masu dacewa ba. Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sake sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 2" a cikin 2017.

Rashin magance fataucin mutane watakila saboda hanyoyin tantancewa marasa kyau da matakan ganowa ne.[22] Yawancin masu fataucin mutane suna guje wa tsanantawa saboda babu wata doka da ke aikata laifuka ga fataucin mutum. Dokar Shari'a ta Afirka ta Kudu ba ta da ka'idojin aikata laifuka waɗanda ke ƙayyade fataucin mutane, a maimakon haka suna haɗa abubuwan da suka faru cikin laifuka kamar fyade, cin zarafin jima'i, da sace mutane.[5][18] Wannan rashin tattara bayanai na tsari ya sa ya zama da wahala a yi rikodin abubuwan da suka faru na fataucin mutane da kuma daukar matakai a kan shi.[23]

Don taimakawa wajen rage lokuta na fataucin mutane, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Afirka ta Kudu ta fara buƙatar Takardar shaidar Haihuwar Ba tare da Ƙaddamarwa ba a cikin 2015 ga yara da ke tafiya a ciki da waje na Afirka ta Kudu.[24] Takardar shaidar Haihuwar da ba ta da iyaka ta ƙunshi bayanai game da masu kula da yaron, idan yaro da ke shiga / fita daga Afirka ta Kudu ba shi da UBC, an hana su wucewa.[24] Aiwatar da wannan manufofin, duk da haka, bazai rage fataucin mutane ba, saboda masu fataucin suna amfani da hanyoyin da ba bisa ka'ida ba na ƙetare iyaka ko kuma ana iya fataucin wadanda abin ya shafa a cikin iyakoki.[25]

Afirka ta Kudu ta kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Ayyukan Duniya game da Cinikin Mutane da Cin Hanci da Mutanen Mutanen Espanya a cikin 2016. Afirka ta Kudu na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 13 da aka nemi su shiga wannan ƙoƙari saboda yaduwar fataucin mutane. An kafa Kungiyar Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane a cikin 2012 ta Hukumar Shari'a ta Kasa da Sashin Harkokin Al'umma (SOCA). Wannan ƙungiyar aiki tana aiki don tattara bayanai game da fataucin mutane a Afirka ta Kudu da kuma ɗaukar matakai don rage abubuwan da suka faru.[1] Daraktan Kare Yara yana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsira daga fataucin mutane su koma lafiya ga iyayensu ko masu kula da su.[26]

Bayanan da aka ambata

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "Human Trafficking in Africa". Human Trafficking in Africa. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  2. ↑ "Spotlight on human trafficking as SA cops swoop on syndicate". www.ecpatinternational.com. Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
  3. ↑ Adepoju, A. (2005). "Review of research and data on human trafficking in sub-Saharan Africa" (PDF). International Migration. 43 (1–2): 75–98. doi:10.1111/j.0020-7985.2005.00313.x. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  4. ↑ Britton, H.E.; Dean, L.A. (2014). "Policy responses to human trafficking in Southern Africa: Domesticating international norms". Human Rights Review. 15 (3): 305–328. doi:10.1007/s12142-014-0303-9. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  5. 1 2 Van Der Watt, Marcell; Burger, Johan (2018). "The perplexities of human trafficking in South Africa – ISS Africa". ResearchGate.
  6. ↑ "What is Human Trafficking?". Department of Homeland Security. 24 May 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  7. 1 2 Barner, J.R.; Okech, D.; Camp, M.A. (2014). "Socio-economic inequality, human trafficking, and the global slave trade". Societies. 4 (2): 148–160. doi:10.3390/soc4020148.
  8. ↑ "Kidnapping Definition". Wex Dictionary. Cornell Law School. 22 September 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  9. ↑ "Abduction Defenition". Wex Dictionary. Cornell Law School. 19 August 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  10. 1 2 3 4 "Trafficking Routes". Stop Violence Against Women. The Advocates for Human Rights. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Heinrich, K.H. (2010). "Ten Years After the Palermo Protocol: Where are Protections for Human Trafficking?". Human Rights Brief. 18 (1): 1.
  12. ↑ "Human Trafficking Awareness Survey Results" (PDF). University of Johannesburg. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  13. 1 2 Masweneng, Kgaugelo (30 May 2018). "Human trafficking is silently tearing South Africa apart' experts say". Times Live South Africa.
  14. 1 2 Leibbrandt, M.; Finn, A.; Woolard, I. (2012). "Describing and decomposing post-apartheid income inequality in South Africa". Development Southern Africa. 29 (1): 19–34. doi:10.1080/0376835X.2012.645639.
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named UNICEF
  16. ↑ "2014 Trafficking in Persons Report". U.S. Department of State. OFFICE TO MONITOR AND COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  17. ↑ Allain, J. (2011). "Trafficking of persons for the removal of organs and the admission of guilt of a South African hospital". Medical Law Review. 19 (1): 117–22. doi:10.1093/medlaw/fwr001. PMID 21266392. S2CID 30004783. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  18. 1 2 3 Van Der Watt, Marcel. "Human trafficking in South Africa: an elusive statistical nightmare". The Conversation. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  19. ↑ "2014 Trafficking in Persons Report". U.S. Department of State. OFFICE TO MONITOR AND COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  20. ↑ "2014 Trafficking in Persons Report". U.S. Department of State. OFFICE TO MONITOR AND COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  21. ↑ "Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements". www.state.gov (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 28 June 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  22. ↑ "2014 Trafficking in Persons Report". U.S. Department of State. OFFICE TO MONITOR AND COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  23. ↑ "Keynote Address by the Deputy Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development, the Hon JH Jeffery, MP, at a Symposium on Human Trafficking hosted by the Department of Justice & Constitutional Development, the South African Human Rights Commission and the Conference of Western Attorneys General (CWAG) Africa Alliance Partnership, held at the Capitol Hotel, 101 Katherine Street, Sandton, 5 November 2018". Justice and Constitutional Development Republic of South Africa. DoJCD. Retrieved 25 March 2019.[permanent dead link]
  24. 1 2 "Unabridged Birth Certificate for Minors: All You Need to Know". Travelstart. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  25. ↑ Wilkinson, Kate. "No new evidence that 30,000 children are trafficked in South Africa each year". Africa Check. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  26. ↑ "South Africa tackles human trafficking". Brand South Africa. 24 February 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fataucin_mutane_a_Afirka_ta_Kudu&oldid=645223"