Fataucin mutane a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

Fataucin mutane a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo

Iri	human activity (en) human trafficking by country or territory (en)
Ƙasa	Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango
Nahiya	Afirka

Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC) ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2005.

A shekara ta 2010, kasar ta kasance tushen da kuma makoma ga maza, mata, da yara da ke fuskantar fataucin mutane, musamman yanayin tilasta aiki da tilasta karuwanci. Yawancin wannan fataucin ya kasance na ciki, kuma yawancin su ƙungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai da sojojin gwamnati ne suka aikata shi a waje da ikon gwamnati a cikin lardunan gabashin DRC.

In A cikin 2010 Gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo ba ta cika cikakkun ka'idoji don kawar da fataucin mutane ba kuma ba ta yi ƙoƙari sosai don yin hakan ba. Gwamnati ba ta nuna shaidar ci gaba ba wajen gurfanar da kuma azabtar da masu aikata laifuka na fataucin jima'i, gami da mambobin rundunarta, samar da sabis na kariya ga yawancin wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane, ko kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da fatauccin mutane. Bugu da kari, kokarin tilasta bin doka na gwamnati na yaki da fataucin mutane ya ragu a lokacin rahoton 2010.es

Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 3" a cikin 2017. A shekara ta 2023 an sanya kasar a Tier 2.

Yankuna a cikin 2010

Yawancin masu hakar ma'adinai na Kongo marasa lasisi - maza da Yaƙi maza - ana amfani da su a cikin yanayin Bautar bashi ta hanyar 'yan kasuwa da masu sayarwa daga waɗanda suke samun ci gaba na kuɗi, kayan aiki, abinci, da sauran tanadi a farashi mai yawa, kuma waɗanda dole ne su sayar da ma'adanai da aka hakar a farashi ƙasa da darajar kasuwa. An tilasta wa masu hakar ma'adinai ci gaba da aiki don biyan bashin da ke tarawa akai-akai waɗanda kusan ba za a iya biyan su ba. A lardunan Arewacin Kivu, Kivu ta Kudu, da Katanga, kungiyoyin da ke dauke da makamai da sojojin kasar Kongo (FARDC) an ruwaito suna amfani da barazanar da tilasta wa maza da yara su yi amfani da ma'adanai.

An ruwaito cewa 'yan sanda da yawa a gabashin DRC sun kama mutane da gangan don karbar kudi daga gare su. Wadanda ba za su iya biya ba an tilasta su yi aiki har sai sun "samun" 'yancinsu. Ana tilasta 'yan mata na Kongo yin karuwanci a cikin alfarwa ko gidajen karuwai ko sansanoni na al'ada - gami da kasuwanni da wuraren hakar ma'adinai - ta hanyar hanyoyin sadarwar da ba a tsara su ba, ƙungiyoyi, da madams. Ana amfani da mata da yara na Kongo a cikin gida a cikin yanayin Bautar cikin gida ba tare da son rai ba kuma ana ɗaukar su, a cikin ƙananan adadi, zuwa Angola, Afirka ta Kudu, Jamhuriyar Kongo, da ƙasashen Turai don cin zarafin jima'i na kasuwanci. Wasu mambobin Batwa, ko kungiyoyin pygmy, suna ƙarƙashin yanayin bautar da ba ta son rai ba a aikin gona, hakar ma'adinai, da aikin gida a gabashin DRC.

Tarihi

Tsakanin 1996 da 2003, Rwanda Patriotic Front / Rwandan Patriot Army (RPF / RPA) sun shiga Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo don kashe 'yan gudun hijirar Hutu da masu adawa da Tutsi waɗanda suka gudu zuwa DRC don tserewa daga Kisan kiyashi na Rwanda. Janar Paul Kagame ne ya jagoranci RPF / RPA, wanda ya kawo karshen kisan kare dangi na Tutsis a Rwanda. Bayan ya yi kawance da Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL), an ba Kagame dalili na "shiga cikin DRC saboda dalilin da ya sa ya bi 'yan gudun hijirar Hutu".

Sojojin da ke karkashin jagorancin Tutsi sun kashe 'yan ƙasa marasa laifi, gami da mata, yara, da tsofaffi. A cikin Yaƙin Kongo na farko, rikice-rikicen da ya haifar da wannan mamayewa, Laurent-Désiré Kabila, shugaban AFDL kuma abokin adawar Shugaba Mobutu, ya hau mulki a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1997. Daga baya ya kori Mobutu daga DRC.

Kashewar da Kabila ke so ya kawar da Hutus bai yi nasara ba kuma Rwanda ba ta son shi, wanda ya haifar da Yaƙin Kongo na Biyu. A shekara ta 1998, wani rukuni na iko na Afirka, karkashin jagorancin Rwanda, sun nemi cire Kabila daga mulki. Kashewarsa a ofishin ya haifar da tashiwar Joseph Kabila, ɗansa. Yaƙin ya ƙare tare da Yarjejeniyar Pretoria a cikin 2002, wanda aka sanya hannu tsakanin DRC da Rwanda. Tun farkon yaƙe-yaƙe, ƙasar ta ga take hakkin dan adam da yawa, da kuma fataucin mutane.

Rikicin da ya danganci jinsi

Daga 1996 zuwa 2013, fiye da mutane 200,000 da ke fama da cutar, musamman mata da yara, sun kasance makasudin cin zarafin jima'i. Fiye da shari'o'i 8,000 na hari daga mata ko 'yan mata an bayar da rahoton tsakanin Janairu da Satumba na shekara ta 2008. A cewar wani rahoto na 2011, akwai yiwuwar sama da mutane miliyan 2 da ke fama da cin zarafin jima'i a duk faɗin DRC.

Ana amfani da tashin hankali na jinsi a matsayin hanyar iko a lokacin rikici. Rikici da tashin hankali na jinsi suna taimakawa wajen "rashin daidaituwa na yankin [a] da mutanenta". Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta bayyana cewa fataucin mutane a cikin DRC galibi yana faruwa ne ta hanyar tilasta karuwanci na mata da yara, aikin yara a cikin ma'adinai, da yara sojoji. Dogaro da mata a matsayin masu samar da kayan rayuwa, kamar ruwa, ƙonewa, da abinci, ya sa su fi saurin satar mutane. A yankin gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, sanannen nau'in fataucin mutane shine "bautar jima'i ta mata da 'yan mata".

A cikin 2017, Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (MONUSCO) ya tabbatar da shari'o'i 804 na tashin hankali na jima'i (mata 50, 'yan mata 265, maza 30, da yara maza 2). Daga cikin waɗannan shari'o'in, an gano kashi 72% sakamakon kungiyoyin da ba na jihar ba ne. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun hada da "Twa militia da Tanganyika da Force de résistance patriotique de l'Ituri (FRPI) da ke aiki a yankin Irumu a Ituri. " A ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2015, wani hari kan Kikamba a Kivu ta Kudu ya haifar da fyade ga mata 100.

A cikin 2017, an warware shari'o'i uku na cin zarafin jima'i a cikin kotuna. An yanke wa wani kwamandan FARDC hukunci saboda "hakkin kwamandan fyade a matsayin laifin yaki" a ƙauyen Musenyi. An yanke wa wani kwamandan a cikin Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda hukunci saboda yin amfani da tashin hankali na jima'i a matsayin laifin yaki a Nzovu. An yanke wa wani memba na majalisa hukunci, tare da 'yan bindiga, saboda sace da kuma fyade na yara 39 bisa la'akari da aikata laifuka ga bil'adama.

Cinikin yara

Wani nau'in fataucin da ke faruwa a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo shine aikin yara a ma'adanai na Rwanda. A cikin lardunan Kivu da Katanga, hakar ma'adinai tana aiki ne a matsayin babban tushen samarwa. Wani rahoto na 2010 ya nuna cewa, daga cikin mutane 742 da ke aiki a cikin ko kusa da ma'adanai, kashi 40% na waɗannan mutane bayi ne. A cikin wannan kashi, wasu daga cikin bayi sun kasance matasa har zuwa shekaru biyar. Bugu da ƙari, Sojojin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (FARDC) "sun kashe yara marasa makamai da ake zargi da kasancewa cikin ƙungiyar Kamuina Nsapu kuma sun goyi bayan kuma sun haɗa kai da 'yan bindiga daban-daban da aka dauka kuma suka yi amfani da yara".