Fataucin mutane a Mauritania
 Fataucin mutane a Mauritania | |
|---|---|
human trafficking by country or territory (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | safarar mutane |
A shekara ta 2009 an dauki fataucin mutane a Mauritania a matsayin batun kare hakkin dan adam mai rikitarwa. Mauritania ƙasa ce da ake zargi da tushen da kuma makoma ga maza, mata, da yara da ke fuskantar fataucin mutane, musamman yanayin tilasta aiki da cin zarafin jima'i. Ana zaton, wasu mata, maza, da yara daga garuruwan bayi na gargajiya sun kasance ƙarƙashin ayyukan da suka shafi bautar, waɗanda suka samo asali ne daga dangantakar iyayengiji da bawa, waɗanda ke ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin iyakantaccen salon a cikin yankunan karkara da birane. Wadannan mutane, waɗanda iyalai masu mallakar bayi suka riƙe su na tsararraki, ana iya tilasta musu yin aiki ba tare da biyan su ba a matsayin makiyaya da taimakon gida. Yara maza na Mauritania da Afirka ta Yamma - waɗanda ake kira Talib - an ɗauke su don yin karatu a makarantun Koranic, amma wani lokacin malamai na addini da aka sani da Marabouts sun tilasta musu yin bara a cikin ƙasar. An yi fataucin 'yan mata a cikin gida da kuma daga kasashe makwabta na Yammacin Afirka kamar Mali, Senegal, da Gambiya don bautar cikin gida ba tare da son rai ba. 'Yan mata na Mauritania sun auri maza masu arziki daga Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma an kai su can a wasu lokuta don tilasta karuwanci. An tilasta mata Mauritania yin karuwanci a cikin ƙasar, da kuma a cikin ƙasashen Larabawa na Tekun Farisa.[1]
A shekara ta 2009 Gwamnatin Mauritania ba ta cika cikakkun ka'idoji don kawar da fataucin mutane ba kuma ba ta yin ƙoƙari sosai don yin hakan. Gwamnati ba ta nuna shaidar gagarumin ci gaba ba wajen gurfanar da kuma azabtar da masu aikata laifuka na fataucin mutane, kare wadanda ke fama da fataucin, da kuma hana sabbin abubuwan da suka faru na fataucir. Duk da amincewa da fataucin mutane a matsayin matsala, gwamnati ba ta son yarda da cewa bautar da ke faruwa a halin yanzu tana cikin Mauritania, kuma ta fi son yin magana game da "sakamakon bautar". Gwamnati ta bayyana cewa tana shirye ta dauki mataki, amma ba ta da albarkatun da ake bukata don tallafawa ayyukan da ake buƙata, kamar mafaka ga wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane, taimakon shari'a, da horo a cikin ƙwarewar rayuwa da ayyukan samar da kudaden shiga. Wasu shugabannin gwamnati da na farar hula sun nuna shirye-shiryen yin aiki tare da abokan hulɗa na kasashen waje don inganta rikodin haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasar; duk da haka, a cikin shekara ta 2009, ba a gabatar da tuhumar ma'aikata ko laifuffukan karuwanci ba, kuma ba a sanya shirye-shirye na gwamnati don taimakawa wadanda ke fama da irin waɗannan laifuka.
Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 3" a cikin 2017.[2] A shekara ta 2023 an tura shi zuwa Tier 2. Ya zuwa 2024, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta bayyana cewa gwamnatin Mauritania ta yi kokari sosai don dakatar da fataucin mutane, kodayake ya kasance a cikin Tier 2.[3]
Kasar ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar TIP ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a watan Yulin 2005.
An karɓi Shirin Ayyuka na Kasa don Yaki da Cin Hanci da Mutane a watan Maris na 2020. Shirin ya haɗa da gurfanar da masu laifi, kariya ga masu rauni, da kuma hana laifin.[4]
Shari'a (2009)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gwamnati ba ta nuna karuwar kokarin tilasta bin doka ba a lokacin bayar da rahoto. doka Mauritania ta haramta duk wani nau'in fataucin mutane ta hanyar "Dokar da ke yaki da fataucin mutum" ta 2003, wanda ya ba da hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru biyar zuwa 10. Wadannan hukunce-hukuncen suna da tsauri sosai kuma sun wuce wadanda aka tsara don fyade. Dokar 2007-048 ta haramta bautar, wacce aka kafa a watan Satumbar 2007. Amfani da dokar, duk da haka, an hana shi ta hanyar abin da ake buƙata cewa bayi su shigar da korafi na shari'a kafin a bi karar, da kuma hana kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu yin korafi a madadin bayi. Yawancin bayi ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba kuma ba su iya kammala takardun da ke cikin shigar da korafi ba. A cewar Ma'aikatar Shari'a, babu bincike ko gurfanar da laifuffukan fataucin mutane, ko kuma yanke hukunci ko hukunce-hukunce masu aikata laifukan fataucir a cikin 2009. Wata kungiya mai kare hakkin dan adam ta yankin ta ba da rahoton cewa alƙalai sun ki bincika shari'o'in bautar yara biyu da aka kawo musu a cikin shekara, ko dai a kan bautar ko kuma saboda cin zarafin yara. Jam'iyyun sun cimma yarjejeniya ta al'ada a waje da kotu, kuma yaran sun kasance tare da iyayensu. Gwamnati ba ta ba da tallafi ga shirye-shiryen da za su taimaka wa wadanda abin ya shafa a hankali don gabatar da korafe-korafe game da bautar ba.
Karewa (2009)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gwamnatin Mauritania ta nuna ƙaramin ƙoƙari don kare wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane, gami da bautar gargajiya. A shekara ta 2009, Cibiyar Tsaro ta Kasa ta Gwamnati don Kare Yara da ke cikin Matsala ta ba da mafaka ga yara 270, gami da 60 da aka gano a Nouakchott, babban birnin. Wannan cibiyar ta mayar da yara ga iyalansu ko Imamai, kuma ta nemi tabbacin cewa ba za a mayar da yara zuwa tituna don yin addu'a ba. Samun damar da gwamnati ta bayar ga ayyukan shari'a da kiwon lafiya ya iyakance sosai, kuma gwamnati ba ta ba da mafaka ko fa'idodin gidaje na dogon lokaci ga wadanda abin ya shafa ban da cibiyar da aka ambata a sama don talibes. Gwamnati ba ta da tsari na turawa don canja wurin wadanda aka tsare, aka kamawa, ko kuma aka sanya su a tsare-tsare ta hukumomin tilasta bin doka zuwa cibiyoyin da suka ba da kulawa ta gajeren lokaci ko na dogon lokaci. Ma'aikatan gwamnati, shige da fice, da ma'aikatan zamantakewa ba su da tsarin da aka tsara na gano wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane tsakanin mutanen da ke da haɗari da suka sadu da su. An tsare baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma an sanya su a Cibiyar Tsaro ta Migrantes a Nouadhibou har sai an kore su daga ƙasar, ba tare da gwamnati ta yi ƙoƙari don gano wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane a cikinsu ba. Mata da ake zargi da karuwanci galibi ana ɗaure su. Gwamnati ba ta yi ƙoƙari ta bincika waɗannan mata ba don azabtarwa. Gwamnati ba ta karfafa wadanda abin ya shafa da su taimaka wajen bincike da gurfanar da shari'o'in fataucin mutane ba, kuma babu wani misali na wadanda abin ya faru da shigar da karar farar hula ko neman shari'a kan masu aikata laifuka. A cikin shari'o'in bautar, wakilan jama'a sun yi iƙirarin cewa alƙalai sun yi ƙoƙari su yi sulhu da yarjejeniyoyi na al'ada tsakanin iyayengiji da bayi marasa farin ciki. Kotuna sau da yawa suna sauke shari'o'i kuma suna guje wa gudanar da bincike.
Rigakafi (2009)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gwamnatin Mauritania ta yi ƙoƙari mara isasshen don wayar da kan jama'a game da fataucin mutane a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. A shekara ta 2009, gwamnati, tare da jama'a, sun gudanar da kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a a cikin jaridu na gida game da halin da ma'aikatan gida ke ciki, da kuma game da dokar adawa da bautar 2007, a matsayin wani ɓangare na "Shirin da ke kawar da Sakamakon Bautar". Gwamnati ba ta sa ido kan tsarin shige da fice da fice ba don shaidar fataucin mutane. Babu wata hanyar daidaitawa da sadarwa tsakanin hukumomi daban-daban kan batutuwan da suka shafi fataucin mutane. A shekara ta 2009 gwamnati ta yi aiki tare da wata kungiya ta kasa da kasa don tsara Shirin Ayyuka na Kasa don Yaki da Cin Hanci da Mutane, wanda za a saki a shekara ta 2010. Gwamnati ba ta yi ƙoƙari ta rage bukatar aikin tilas ba.
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Trafficking in Persons Report 2010 Country Narratives - Countries G Through M". US Department of State. 2010-06-18. Archived from the original on 2010-06-18. Retrieved 2023-02-16. Samfuri:Pd-notice
- ↑ "Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements". www.state.gov (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2017-06-28. Retrieved 2017-12-01.
- ↑ "Mauritania". United States Department of State (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-09-07.
- ↑ "Mauritania". United States Department of State (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-09-07.