Fenugreek
Fenugreek shuka ce ta shekara-shekara a cikin dangin Fabaceae, tare da ganye da ke kunshe da ƙananan obovate zuwa oblong leaflets. Ana noma shi a duk duniya a matsayin amfanin gona mai tsaka-tsaki. Ganyen sa da tsaba sune sinadaran da aka saba amfani da su a cikin jita-jita daga Yankin Indiya, kuma an yi amfani da su azaman sinadarin abinci tun zamanin d ̄ a. Amfani da shi azaman sinadarin abinci a cikin ƙananan adadi yana da aminci.[1][2]
Kodayake kari ne na abinci na yau da kullun, [3] babu wata muhimmiyar shaidar asibiti da ta nuna cewa fenugreek yana da kaddarorin warkewa. [2] Ana amfani dashi a cikin maganin gargajiya, fenugreek na iya kara haɗarin mummunan sakamako, gami da halayen rashin lafiyan.[2][3]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi imanin cewa an kawo Fenugreek cikin noma a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wanne nau'in daji na jinsin Trigonella ya haifar da fenugreek na gida ba shi da tabbas. An gano tsaba na fenugreek da aka ƙone daga Tell Halal, Iraki (carbon da aka rubuta a 4000 BC), matakan Bronze Age na Lachish, da kuma tsaba da aka bushe daga kabarin Tutankhamun. Cato the Elder ya lissafa fenugreek tare da clover da vetch a matsayin amfanin gona da aka shuka don ciyar da shanu.[4][5]
A cikin girke-girke na ƙarni na farko AD, Romawa sun ɗanɗana ruwan inabi tare da fenugreek . [6] A cikin karni na 1 AD, a Galili, an shuka shi azaman abinci na musamman, kamar yadda Josephus ya ambata a cikin littafinsa, Yaƙe-yaƙe na Yahudawa. An ambaci shuka a cikin ƙarni na biyu na Dokar Magana ta Yahudawa (Mishnah) a ƙarƙashin sunan Ibrananci tiltan .
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sunan Ingilishi ya samo asali ne ta hanyar Faransanci na Tsakiya fenugrec daga Latin faenugraecum, faenum Graecum ma'anar "Hellenanci hay".[7]
Fitarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Indiya babbar mai samar da fenugreek ce, kuma sama da 80% na fitar da Indiya daga jihar Rajasthan ne.
Amfani da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ana amfani da Fenugreek azaman ganye (ƙasa ko sabo ganye), kayan yaji (tsuntsaye), da kayan lambu (sabon ganye, tsiro, da microgreens). Sotolon shine sinadarin da ke da alhakin ƙanshin maple-syrup na fenugreek.[8][2]
Cuboid, launin rawaya zuwa amber-launi fenugreek tsaba ana haɗuwa da su akai-akai a cikin abincin yankin Indiya, ana amfani da su duka da foda a cikin shirye-shiryen pickles, kayan lambu, dal, da cakuda kayan yaji kamar panch phoron da <i id="mwmQ">sambar</i> foda. Sau da yawa ana gasa su don rage ƙishirwa da kuma inganta dandano (Maillard browning). [9]
Yin dafa abinci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sabbin ganye na fenugreek sune sinadarin a wasu curries, kamar tare da dankali a cikin abincin Indiya don yin aloo methi (dankali fenugreak) curry.
A cikin Abincin Armeniya, ana amfani da foda na tsaba na fenugreek don yin wani abu mai mahimmanci don rufe nama mai bushewa da warkewa don yin basturma.[10]
A cikin Abincin Iran, ana kiran ganyen fenugreek shambalileh . Suna ɗaya daga cikin kayan lambu da yawa da aka haɗa a cikin stew ghormeh sabzi, da kuma furen frittata <i id="mwuQ">Kuzu sabzi</i>, kuma miya da aka sani da Eshkeneh.
A cikin Abincin Georgia, ana amfani da nau'in da ke da alaƙa - Trigonella caerulea da ake kira "blue fenugreek".[11]
A cikin Abincin Masar, an san fenugreek da sunan Larabci Hilba ko Helba حلبة . Ana tafasa tsaba don yin abin sha da ake cinyewa a gida, da kuma a shagunan kofi. Manoma a Upper Egypt suna ƙara tsaba da masara ga gurasar su ta pita don samar da aish merahrah, babban abincin su. Basterma, nama mai bushewa, yana samun dandano na musamman daga fenugreek da aka yi amfani da shi azaman murfin.
Hakazalika a cikin Abincin Turkiyya, ana amfani da foda na tsaba na fenugreek, wanda ake kira çemen, don yin paste tare da foda da tafarnuwa don rufe nama mai bushewa da warkarwa wajen yin pastirma / basturma. (Sunansa ya fito ne daga kalmar Turkiya bastırmak, ma'ana "don matsawa").
A cikin Abincin Palasdinawa, ana amfani da fenugreek a matsayin sinadarin a cikin kek da ake kira fenugreak cake ko Hilbeh .
A cikin Abincin Maroko, ana amfani da fenugreek a cikin rfissa, abincin da ke da alaƙa da ƙauyuka.[12]
Ana amfani da Fenugreek a cikin abincin Eritrea da Habashawa.[13] Kalmar fenugreek a cikin Amharic ita ce abesh (ko abish), kuma ana amfani da iri a Habasha a matsayin magani na halitta a cikin maganin Ciwon sukari.[13]
Yahudawa na Yemen suna bin fassarar Rabbi Shelomo Yitzchak (Rashi) sun yi imani da fenugreek, wanda suke kira hilbah, hilbeh, hilba, helba, ko halba "robatבה", don zama mai launin ruwan kasa na Talmudic. [ana buƙatar hujja]Lokacin da aka niƙa ƙwayoyin iri kuma aka gauraya da ruwa, suna fadada sosai; ana ƙara kayan yaji masu zafi, turmeric, da ruwan lemun tsami don samar da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da aka ci tare da sop. Ana kuma kiran abincin hilbeh; yana tunatar da curry. [ana buƙatar hujja]Ana cinye shi kowace rana da kuma bikin yayin cin abinci na dare na farko da / ko na biyu na Sabuwar Shekarar Yahudawa, Rosh Hashana .
A Yemen, an kara karamin oud al hilba (عود الحلبة), wanda ya zama daidai da ashwagandha, a al'adance a cikin tsaba na fenugreek kafin a gauraye su da ruwa don shirya Hulbah paste. An yi imanin cewa wannan yana taimakawa wajen narkewa kuma mafi mahimmanci don hana ko rage ƙanshin maple-syrup wanda yawanci ke faruwa yayin cinye fenugreek. Samfuri:Infobox nutritional value
Abincin abinci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana ƙera kayan abinci na Fenugreek daga tsaba mai foda zuwa capsules, foda mai laushi, shayi, da kuma ruwa mai cirewa a ƙasashe da yawa.[2][3] Babu wata shaida mai inganci da ke goyan bayan cewa waɗannan samfuran suna da tasirin asibiti.[2][3]
Abinci na dabba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana amfani da Fenugreek a wasu lokuta azaman abincin dabba. Yana samar da abinci mai kore wanda ke da ɗanɗano ga ruminants. Ana kuma amfani da tsaba don ciyar da kifi da zomo na gida.
Abincin abinci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsuntsaye da ganye na Fenugreek suna dauke da sotolone, wanda ke ba da ƙanshin fenugreek da curry a cikin babban taro, da syrup na maple ko caramel a cikin ƙananan taro.[2][8] Ana amfani da Fenugreek a matsayin wakili mai ɗanɗano a cikin kwayar cutar maple ko shayi, kuma a matsayin kariyar abinci.[3]
Etymology
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sunan turanci ci ya samo asali ta hanyar fenugrec na Faransanci ta Tsakiya daga Latin faenugraecum, faenum Graecum ma'ana "Girkanci hay". [14]
Bincike
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wadanda suka hada da tsaba na fenugreek sun hada da flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins, bitamin, da saponins; mafi yawan alkaloid shine trigonelline kuma coumarins sun hada da sinamic acid da Scopoletin.[1] Bincike kan ko fenugreek yana rage alamun halittu a cikin mutanen da ke fama da Ciwon sukari kuma tare da yanayin prediabetic yana da iyakantaccen inganci.[15]
Ya zuwa 2023, ba a sami wata hujja mai inganci ba game da ko fenugreek yana da aminci kuma yana da tasiri wajen sauƙaƙe dysmenorrhea [2] ko inganta shayarwa yayin shayarwa. [16][17] Nazarin fenugreek ana nuna su da canji, ƙirar gwaji mara kyau da inganci, gami da ƙananan batutuwa, gazawar bayyana hanyoyin, rashin daidaituwa da tsawon lokaci na sashi, kuma ba rikodin mummunan sakamako ba.[2][3][16][17]
Saboda bincike kan yiwuwar tasirin halittu na cinye fenugreek bai samar da wata shaida mai inganci don kiwon lafiya ko tasirin maganin cututtuka ba, ba a amince da fenugreak ba ko kuma a ba da shawarar don amfani da shi a asibiti ta Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka.[2][3]
Magungunan gargajiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kodayake sau ɗaya magani ne na jama'a don rashin isasshen madara yayin jinya, babu wata shaida mai kyau da ta nuna cewa fenugreek yana da tasiri ko lafiya don wannan amfani, [2] [3] [17] kuma ba shi da amfani a cikin al'adun gargajiya don magance dysmenorrhea, kumburi, Ciwon sukari, ko duk wani cuta na ɗan adam.[16]
Sakamakon da ba daidai ba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amfani da fenugreek yana da damar haifar da mummunar sakamako, saboda yana iya zama mara lafiya ga mata masu cutar kansa.[2][3] Fenugreek ba shi da aminci don amfani a lokacin daukar ciki, saboda yana da yiwuwar tasirin zubar da ciki kuma yana iya haifar da raguwar mahaifa. [2][1]
Wasu mutane suna da rashin lafiyan fenugreek, gami da wadanda ke da rashin lafiyan man shanu ko rashin lafiyan Chickpea.[1][2] Tsuntsaye na Fenugreek na iya haifar da zawo, dyspepsia, raguwar ciki, flatulence, da gumi, kuma suna ba da ƙanshin kamar mai laushi ga gumi, fitsari, ko madarar nono.[1][2][3] Akwai hadarin hypoglycemia, musamman a cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari, kuma yana iya tsoma baki tare da aikin Magungunan maganin ciwon sukari.[1][2] Saboda babban abun ciki na mahaɗan kamar coumarin a cikin fenugreek, yana iya tsoma baki tare da aiki da sashi na anticoagulants da magungunan antiplatelet.[1][2]
Tsire-tsire na Fenugreek, wanda aka shuka daga takamaiman rukunin tsaba da aka shigo da su daga Masar zuwa Jamus a shekara ta 2009, an haɗa su a matsayin tushen barkewar cutar <i id="mwAfw">Escherichia coli</i> O104:H4 a shekara ta 2011 a Jamus da Faransa. Gano wani mai samarwa na yau da kullun da kuma rukuni guda ɗaya na tsaba na fenugreek shaida ce ga asalin barkewar cutar.[18]
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Ouzir, M; El Bairi, K; Amzazi, S (2016). "Toxicological properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 96: 145–54. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.003. PMID 27498339. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Tox2016" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 "Fenugreek". Drugs.com. 14 August 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2024. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "drugs" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 "Fenugreek". National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Library of Medicine. 1 August 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2024. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "nccih" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Zohary, Daniel; Hopf, Maria; Weiss, Ehud (2012). Domestication of Plants in the Old World: The Origin and Spread of Domesticated Plants in Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean Basin (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 122.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Curry A (February 2010). "A 9,000-Year Love Affair". National Geographic. 231 (2): 46.
- ↑ "Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2016-12-21. Retrieved 2017-02-07.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one; CID=62835". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 3 March 2019. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2019. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "pubchem" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "BBC - Food - Fenugreek recipes". Archived from the original on 2017-01-18. Retrieved 2017-02-07.
- ↑ Wani, Sajad Ahmad; Kumar, Pradyuman (2018-04-01). "Fenugreek: A review on its nutraceutical properties and utilization in various food products". Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences (in Turanci). 17 (2): 97–106. doi:10.1016/j.jssas.2016.01.007. ISSN 1658-077X.
- ↑ "Trigonella caerulea Sweet Trefoil, Blue fenugreek PFAF Plant Database". pfaf.org. Archived from the original on 2022-06-07. Retrieved 2022-06-07.
- ↑ Idrissi, Abdelbaar Mounadi (2018-12-18). "Anny Gaul: "The Cuisine of the City of Tetouan"". Tangier American Legation Museum (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2022-05-19. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Gall, Alevtina; Zerihun Shenkute (November 3, 2009). "Ethiopian Traditional and Herbal Medications and their Interactions with Conventional Drugs". EthnoMed. University of Washington. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
- ↑ "Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2016-12-21. Retrieved 2017-02-07.
- ↑ Gong, J; Fang, K; Dong, H; Wang, D; Hu, M; Lu, F (2 August 2016). "Effect of Fenugreek on Hyperglycaemia and Hyperlipidemia in Diabetes and Prediabetes: a Meta-analysis". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 194: 260–268. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.003. PMID 27496582.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Pattanittum, Porjai; Kunyanone, Naowarat; Brown, Julie; Sangkomkamhang, Ussanee S; Barnes, Joanne; Seyfoddin, Vahid; Marjoribanks, Jane (2016). "Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (3): CD002124. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002124.pub2. PMC 7387104. PMID 27000311. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "patt" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Foong, Siew Cheng; Tan, May Loong; Foong, Wai Cheng; Marasco, Lisa A; Ho, Jacqueline J; Ong, Joo Howe (2020-05-18). "Oral galactagogues (natural therapies or drugs) for increasing breast milk production in mothers of non-hospitalised term infants". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (5): CD011505. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011505.pub2. ISSN 1465-1858. PMC 7388198. PMID 32421208. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "foong" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ King, L. A.; Nogareda, F.; Weill, F.-X.; et al. (2012). "Outbreak of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 Associated With Organic Fenugreek Sprouts, France, June 2011". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 54 (11): 1588–1594. doi:10.1093/cid/cis255. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 22460976.