Feodosia

Feodosia
	Феодосія (uk); Феодосия (ru)
Flag of Feodosia (en)	Coat of arms of Feodosia (en)
	;
Wuri
	45°02′56″N 35°22′45″E / 45.0489°N 35.3792°E
Territory claimed by (en)	Rasha
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Ukraniya
Autonomous republic (en)	Autonomous Republic of Crimea (en)
Municipality (en)	Feodosiya City Council (en)
Babban birnin	Feodosiya City Council (en) ; Kaffa eyalet (en) ; Q21644963 ; Feodosia Uyezd (en) ; Q130241667
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	66,293 (2021)
• Yawan mutane	1,883.32 mazaunan/km²
Harshen gwamnati	Crimean Tatar (en) ; Harshan Ukraniya ; Rashanci
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	35.2 km²
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku	Black Sea
Altitude (en)	50 m
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi	Theodosia (en)
Ƙirƙira	6 century "BCE"
Muhimman sha'ani	Siege of Caffa (en) ; Siege of Theodosia (en) ; Siege of Theodosia (en) ; Siege of Theodosia (en)
Tsarin Siyasa
Gangar majalisa	Feodosiya City Council (en)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo	98100–98175
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	UTC+02:00 (mul) ; UTC+03:00 (mul)
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	+380-6562
KOATUU ID (en)	0111600000
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	feo.rk.gov.ru

Feodosia (Ukrainian: Феодосія, Теодосія, Feodosiia, Teodosiia; Rashanci: Феодосия, tr. Feodosiya[1]), wanda kuma ake kira da Turanci Theodosia (daga Girkanci: Θεοδοσία), birni ne da ke bakin tekun Crimea na Bahar Maliya. Feodosia tana aiki a matsayin cibiyar gudanarwa ta Feodosia Municipality, ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da Crimea ta rabu. A tsawon tarihinta, birnin ya kasance wani muhimmin matsuguni da aka sani da Caffa (Ligurian: Cafà) ko Kaffa (Tsohon Tatar/Ottoman Turkish: ; Crimean Tatar/Turkish: Kefe). A cewar ƙidayar jama'a ta 2014, yawan jama'arta ya kai 69,145.

Tarihi

Theodosia (mallaka ta Girka)

An kafa birnin ne a matsayin Theodosia (Θεοδοσία) ta masu mulkin mallaka na Girka daga Miletos a karni na 6 BC. An san shi da wadatattun filayen noma, wanda kasuwancinsa ya dogara da shi, Huns sun lalata birnin a karni na 4 AD.

Theodosia ya kasance ƙaramin ƙauye na yawancin shekaru ɗari tara masu zuwa. A wasu lokuta wani bangare ne na tasirin Khazars (bincike ya nuna kayan tarihi na Khazar wanda ya samo asali daga karni na 9) da kuma Daular Byzantine.

Kamar sauran Crimea, wannan wuri (ƙauye) ya fada ƙarƙashin mulkin Kipchaks kuma Mongols sun ci nasara a cikin 1230s.

Wani yanki mai suna Kaphas (wani rubutun romanized Cafas, Girkanci) ya kasance kewaye da Theodosia kafin shigar Genoese cikin Tekun Baƙi. Shaidar archaeological ta nuna cewa a lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya yawan mutanen da ke kusa da Theodosia bai taɓa raguwa zuwa sifili ba; ana samun majami'u da yawa a yankin tun daga zamanin Late Antiquity / Early Middle Ages. Koyaya, yawan jama'a sun zama masu noma gaba ɗaya. Ƙananan mutanen Girka na cikin gida dole ne su kasance a wurin da kuma a cikin ƙauyukan da ke kusa. Wataƙila, daga ƙarni na 9 akwai Cumans da Goths da ke zaune tare da Helenawa, kuma a cikin 1270s, watakila wasu Tatars da Armeniyawa.[1]

Kaffa (mallaka ta Geneva)

A ƙarshen karni na 13, 'yan kasuwa daga Jamhuriyar Genoa sun isa kuma sun sayi birnin daga Golden Horde mai mulki.

Sun kafa wani cibiyar kasuwanci mai tasowa da ake kira Kaffa ( aka rubuta a matsayin Caffa) , wanda kusan ya mallaki kasuwanci a yankin Black Sea kuma ya zama babban tashar jiragen ruwa da cibiyar gudanarwa ga ƙauyukan Genoese a kusa da Tekun. Birnin ya bunƙasa duk da mummunan siyasar yankin da jerin yaƙe-yaƙe na Genoa tare da jihohin da suka gaji Mongol.^[1]

Ya zo ya zama daya daga cikin manyan Kasuwancin bayi na Turai na Cinikin bayi na Tekun Baƙi, kuma ya zama ƙarshen Hanyar siliki. Babban Encyclopedia na Soviet ya kara da cewa an kafa birnin Caffa a lokacin da Khan na Golden Horde Mengu-Timur ya mallaki yankin.

Ibn Battuta ya ziyarci birnin, yana mai lura da cewa "babban birni ne a bakin tekun da Kiristoci ke zaune, mafi yawansu 'yan Genoa. " Ya ci gaba da cewa, "Mun sauka zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa, inda muka ga tashar jiragen sama mai ban mamaki tare da kimanin jiragen ruwa ɗari biyu a ciki, jiragen ruwa na yaki da na kasuwanci, ƙananan da babba, domin yana daya daga cikin shahararrun tashar jiragen jiragen ruwa na duniya"

Manazarta

↑ Slater, Eric (2006). "Caffa: Early Western Expansion in the Late Medieval World, 1261-1475". Review (Fernand Braudel Center). 29 (3): 271–283. ISSN 0147-9032. JSTOR 40241665.

[:1-1] Slater, Eric (2006). "Caffa: Early Western Expansion in the Late Medieval World, 1261-1475". Review (Fernand Braudel Center). 29 (3): 271–283. ISSN 0147-9032. JSTOR 40241665.

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