Fernando de Rosa

Fernando de Rosa
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Fernando De Rosa Lenccini
Haihuwa	Milano, 7 Oktoba 1908
ƙasa	Kingdom of Italy (en)
Mutuwa	Madrid, 16 Satumba 1936
Makwanci	Civil Cemetery, Madrid (en)
Karatu
Makaranta	université de Paris (mul) University of Turin (en)
Harsuna	Italiyanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗalibi da Soja
Mamba	International Brigades (en)

Fernando De Rosa (7 ga Oktoba 1908 - Oktoba 1936) dalibi ne na Italiya wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya kashe Umberto Yarima na Piedmont, daga baya Umberto na biyu na Italiya a Brussels a ranar 24 ga Oktoba 1929. An haifi De Rosa a Milan kuma ya yi karatun shari'a a Turin kafin ya tsere daga Italiya zuwa Faransa don kauce wa ɗaurin kurkuku saboda ra'ayoyinsa na siyasa. Ya kasance a Paris na kimanin shekara guda, yana karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Paris kuma yana rubutu don mujallar adawa da fascist.  –

A watan Oktoba 1929, De Rosa ya yi tafiya zuwa Brussels kuma ya harbe shi a kan Yarima Umberto II na Italiya a cikin yunkurin kisan kai. An rasa harbi kuma an kama De Rosa nan da nan. Shari'arsa ta zama babban abin da ya faru na siyasa, kuma kodayake an yafe shi da laifin yunkurin kisan kai, an ba shi hukuncin shekaru biyar a kurkuku. Wannan jumla ta haifar da rikice-rikicen siyasa a Italiya da kuma ɗan gajeren rikice-rikice a dangantakar Belgium da Italiya. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1932, an gafarta wa De Rosa bisa bukatar Yarima Umberto kuma an sake shi, bayan ya yi kasa da rabin hukuncinsa. Ya sanar da niyyar komawa Paris kuma ya ci gaba da karatunsa na shari'a, amma ya ƙare a Spain, inda aka kama shi saboda shiga cikin tashin hankali na gurguzu a 1934. Ya mutu a watan Oktoba 1936 yayin da yake fada a Yaƙin basasar Spain .

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi De Rosa a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1908 a Milan a matsayin Fernando Lencioni, kuma an bar shi a asibiti a can ta hanyar mai juna biyu. Wata iyali ta yankin ce ta karbe shi kuma ta girma a matsayin ɗansu, ta canza sunansa zuwa De Rosa a 1918. Ya zauna a Milan har zuwa 1922 ko 1923, lokacin da ya tafi karatu a Turin, daga ƙarshe ya shiga shirin shari'a a can. A cikin 1928, yana tsoron cewa mulkin Mussolini zai ɗaure shi saboda ra'ayoyinsa na siyasa, ya haye Alps a kan kan skis zuwa Faransa. Bayan ya isa Faransa, 'yan sanda na Faransa sun kama shi, amma bayan ya bayyana yanayinsa, an ba shi katin shaida na Faransa kuma an ba shi izinin zama a kasar. Daga nan sai ya koma Paris inda ya rubuta wa wata mujallar adawa da fascist kuma ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Paris. Yayinda yake a Paris, ra'ayoyin siyasa na De Rosa sun zama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Ya zama mai kwaminisanci kuma ya bayyana kansa memba na Ƙungiyar ta Biyu ta Duniya.

Yunkurin kisan kai

Yarima Umberto

A watan Oktoba 1929, De Rosa ya yi tafiya daga Paris zuwa Brussels (daga baya ya ba da maganganu masu rikitarwa game da ainihin ranar ga 'yan sanda) dauke da bindiga, kuma yana shirin harba Umberto II, sannan Yarima na Italiya. De Rosa ya kai kusan ƙafa goma sha biyu daga Yarima Umberto, wanda ke ziyartar Kabarin Sojan da ba a sani ba na Belgium, sannan ya harbe harbi daya daga bindigarsa; duk da haka, ya zame kamar yadda yake harbi harbi, wanda ya ɓace. Bayan harbi, bindigar De Rosa ta makale, ta hana shi harbi wani, kuma wani dan sanda na Belgium ya mamaye shi da sauri. De Rosa ya gaya wa 'yan sanda cewa kafin ya harbe shi, ya yi ihu "Long Live Matteoti!" dangane da Giacomo Matteotti, wani dan gurguzu na Italiya wanda jam'iyyar fascist ta kashe, amma wasu shaidu sun bayyana cewa ya yi ihu da "Down with Mussolini!"

Bayan yunkurin kisan kai, taron ya yi fushi, yana ihu "Mutuwa ga mai kisan kai" kuma an kafa taron kisan kai da manufar kashe De Rosa. 'Yan sanda, duk da haka, sun dauke De Rosa bayan gwagwarmaya da taron. Gwagwarmayar ta bar De Rosa "ya yi rauni sosai ... har ya zama ba tare da sanin komai ba", amma ya isa ofishin 'yan sanda ba tare da samun rauni na dindindin ba. A cewar bayanan kafofin watsa labarai, Yarima Umberto ya ji harbe-harbe, "amma ya juya kansa," yana ci gaba da shirin da aka shirya a kabarin, sannan ya sake nazarin mai tsaron girmamawa na Belgium, kuma ya ci gaba da zamaninsa. Mutanen Belgium sun yi fushi sosai da taron kuma Sarki Albert nan da nan ya ziyarci Yarima Umberto a Ofishin Jakadancin Italiya, inda yake zaune, don ya nemi gafara kuma ya taya yarima murna game da sa'arsa mai kyau wajen tserewa daga yunkurin.

Bincike da shari'a

Bayan kama shi, 'yan sanda sun tambayi De Rosa da sauri game da ayyukansa. Ya shaida cewa ya yi aiki shi kaɗai kuma yana shirin kashe ko dai Mussolini ko memba na gidan sarauta na Italiya na ɗan lokaci. Muradinsa na kashe daya daga cikinsu ya samo asali ne daga imani mai karfi na adawa da fascist. Ya gaya wa majistare mai bincike ba tare da gafara ba: "Na yi nadama da ya rasa shi. Ban iya sake yin harbi ba saboda bindigar ta ta makale. " Ko da yake 'yan sanda sun yi imanin cewa De Rosa ya yi aiki shi kaɗai, sun sami ragowar wasika a cikin dakin da yake zaune, wanda ya haifar da hasashe cewa wasu kungiyoyi sun sanya shi ga yunkurin, kuma sun kama wani ɗalibin Italiyanci wanda ya kasance a Kabarin Sojan da ba a lokacin yunkurin.

Paul-Henri Spaak, ɗaya daga cikin lauyoyin De Rosa

A ranar 25 ga Satumba 1930 ne aka fara shari'ar De Rosa a Brussels. A cikin shari'ar, Paul-Henri Spaak ne ya wakilce shi, daga baya Firayim Minista na Belgium kuma kwararre ne a kare masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na siyasa, da Paul De Bock, sanannen marubuci da lauya na Belgium. Shari'ar ta fara ne da wata sanarwa daga De Rosa, wanda "ya fi kama da wa'azi game da fascism," yana sa saita sautin siyasa wanda zai ci gaba a duk lokacin da ake gudanar da shi.

Ta hanyar karewa, De Rosa ya yi iƙirarin cewa "ya harbe shi da gangan a cikin iska" maimakon Yarima Umberto, kuma an yi niyyar harbinsa ne don share taron kafin harbi na biyu wanda zai kashe yarima. Ya bayyana cewa bayan harbi na farko, "hatarsa ta fashe kuma ya ji ba zato ba tsammani" don haka ya kwantar da bindigar maimakon sake harbi. De Rosa ya sake jaddada cewa ya yi aiki shi kaɗai, kuma babu wani daga cikin kungiyoyin masu adawa da Fascist da ya kasance da hannu a cikin shirin harin.

Ranar ta biyu ta shari'ar De Rosa ta kasance mai matukar siyasa. Francesco Nitti, tsohon Firayim Minista na Italiya kuma mai tsananin adawa da fascism, ya ba da shaida a madadin De Rosa yana kiransa "mutum mai gaskiya, mai matsakaici, mai aminci, kuma mai ilimi sosai" kuma ya kare ayyukan De Rosa ta hanyar kai hari kan fascism. Shaidarsa ba ta da ban sha'awa kamar na Louis de Brouckere, Sanata na Belgium, wanda ya ba da shaida cewa gwamnatin Italiya tana "shirya don yaƙi a bangarorin biyu na iyakar Albania da kuma tare da Alps. " Sauran manyan mutanen Belgium da Italiya sun ba da shaida, a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarar "don nuna cewa zamanin Fascist ya murkushe 'yanci a Italiya kuma cewa wani mataki kamar yadda de Rosa' ya kamata a bayyana shi ta hanyar tasirin irin wannan zalunci zai iya samu". A cikin maganganunsu na ƙarshe, De Rosa ya yi ƙoƙarin cewa "

De Rosa a shari'a

A mayar da martani ga tsananin siyasa na shari'ar, mai gabatar da kara ya bukaci juriya da suyi la'akari da batun ko de Rosa ya yi ƙoƙari ya kashe Umberto (ba tare da al'amuran siyasa ba), kuma ya bukaci "harin hukunci".[1] Bayan rabin sa'a na tattaunawa, juriya ta dawo da hukunci mai laifi, amma ta yanke wa De Rosa hukuncin shekaru biyar kawai a kurkuku. Labarin ya sami gaisuwa ta hanyar "ƙuntatawa" nan da nan a Italiya, inda jama'a da gwamnati suka yi fatan karin lokaci.[2] Bayan ya koyi game da hukuncin da aka yi da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin shari'ar, Benito Mussolini ya kasance "ba shi da gamsuwa sosai ... cewa ya ba da shawarar tunatar da jakadan Italiya daga Brussels".[3]

Gafartawa da kuma rayuwarsa ta baya

A ranar 16 ga Maris 1932, bayan De Rosa ya yi kusan rabin hukuncinsa na shekaru biyar, Sarki Albert ya gafarta masa bisa bukatar Yarima Umberto. An yafe shi washegari kuma ya sanar da cewa zai koma Paris don ci gaba da karatunsa na shari'a. Ba da daɗewa ba, duk da haka, ya shiga Spain inda aka kama shi a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1934, saboda shiga cikin tashin hankali na Socialist a Madrid. Bayan an sake shi, ya shiga rundunar gurguzu a Yaƙin basasar Spain . Ya mutu a watan Oktoba 1936 a cikin fada kusa da Madrid .