Filin man fetur na Coal
 Filin man fetur na Coal | ||||
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oil field (en)  | ||||
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| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka | |||
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Filin Coal Oil Point (COP) a cikin Tashar Santa Barbara daga Goleta, California, yanki ne na man fetur na ruwa na kimanin murabba'in kilomita uku, a cikin filin man fetur ta Kudu Ellwood kuma yana shimfiɗa daga bakin teku zuwa kudu fiye da kilomita uku (1.9 . Manyan ruwa suna cikin zurfin ruwa daga mita 20 zuwa 80 (66 zuwa 262 . Yankin narkewa yana daga cikin mafi girma kuma mafi kyawun wuraren da aka yi nazari game da narkewar ruwa a duniya. Wadannan man fetur da iskar gas na yau da kullun sun kasance masu aiki a gefen arewacin tashar Santa Barbara aƙalla shekaru 500,000.[1] Haɗin hawan da aka haɗa a cikin filin ya fitar da kimanin tan 40 na methane a kowace rana da kuma kimanin tan 19 na iskar gas (ethane, propane, butane da mafi girman hydrocarbons); kusan sau biyu gurɓataccen iska na hydrocarbon da duk motoci da manyan motoci suka fitar a cikin Santa Barbara County a cikin 1990. Man fetur mai ruwa yana samar da slick wanda ke da tsawon kilomita da yawa kuma lokacin da aka lalata shi ta hanyar evaporation da weather, yana samar da tar balls wanda ke wankewa a kan rairayin bakin teku na mil a kusa.[2]
Wannan zubo ku yana saki a kan umarnin ganga 100 zuwa 150 (16 zuwa 24 m) na man fetur mai ruwa a kowace rana. Filin yana samar da kimanin mita 9 na iskar gas a kowace ganga ta man fetur.
Rashin ruwa daga ruwa na halitta kusa da Platform Holly, dandalin samarwa na filin mai na Kudancin Ellwood Offshore, ya ragu sosai, mai yiwuwa daga raguwar matsin lamba saboda man fetur da iskar gas da aka samar a dandalin.[3]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubi, tun daga farkon shekara ta 1792, sun bayyana tasirin ruwa a cikin tashar Santa Barbara. Man fetur da tar "slicks" sun kasance alamar kasuwanci ta yankin. A cikin shekara ta 1792, mai ba da hanya na Kyaftin Cook George Vancouver ya rubuta game da wucewa ta hanyar tashar:
- Yankin teku, wanda yake cikakke mai santsi da kwanciyar hankali, an rufe shi da wani abu mai kauri, mai laushi, wanda idan aka raba shi ko kuma ya dame shi da ɗan tashin hankali, ya zama mai haske sosai, yayin da iska mai haske, wanda ya zo da yawa daga bakin teku, ya kawo shi da ƙanshin tar mai ƙarfi, ko wasu irin wannan abu mai laushi.
Masu binciken ilimin kimiyya sun gano cewa yankin Chumash ya yi amfani da asphalt daga kusa da bakin teku a cikin tsaunuka na rairayin bakin teku don rufe jiragen ruwa da kwando.[4] Dole ne a samo waɗannan magunguna daga irin wannan tsarin tafkin ƙasa, amma fallasawa ga oxidation yana sa kayan ya zama da wuya kuma yana da amfani.
A watan Fabrairun 2019, wani kifi mai ban sha'awa (Gila tecta) ya wanke a bakin teku a Sands Beach a cikin Coal Oil Point Reserve . [5]
Binciken Kimiyya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wurin filin COP daga Jami'ar California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) ya sanya shi a matsayin dakin gwaje-gwaje na halitta don nazarin abubuwan da suka faru na man fetur da iskar gas da aka gabatar a cikin teku daga gadon teku, tare da rawar da methane ke takawa daga magunguna a duk duniya a cikin kasafin kudin methane na duniya. Tun daga shekarun 1990 kusan masu bincike na UCSB goma sha biyu tare da ɗaliban da suka kammala karatunsu sun yi nazarin ilimin ƙasa, ilmin sunadarai, ilimin teku da ilimin muhalli na tsarin ruwa a COP. Yawancin waɗannan karatun sun kasance cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin mai ciki har da Mobil da Venoco, waɗanda suka samar da mai daga tafkunan da ke ƙasa da ruwa, da kuma binciken ilimin ƙasa na Amurka da Hukumar Kula da Yankin Jihar California.
Tsarin nutsewar hydrocarbon na ruwa ya ƙunshi tushen teku (vent) na man fetur da kumfa na gas da aka rufe da man fetur, wanda ke wucewa cikin ruwa mai zurfi yayin da yake narkewa cikin teku. A farfajiyar, ana fitar da iskar gas daban-daban zuwa sararin samaniya kuma mai yana narkewa yayin da ake jigilar shi ta hanyar ruwa, yana barin raguwar tarry a farfajilar teku.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Boles, J. R.; Eichhubl, P.; Garven, G.; Chen, J. (2004). "Evolution of a hydrocarbon migration pathway along basin bounding faults: evidence from fault cement". American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin. 88 (7): 947–970. doi:10.1306/02090403040.
- ↑ Leifer, I.; Luyendyk, B. P.; Broderick, K. (2006). "Tracking an oil slick from multiple natural sources, Coal Oil Point, California". Journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology. 23 (5): 621–630. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2006.05.001.
- ↑ Quigley, D. C.; Hornafius, J. S.; Luyendyk, B. P.; Francis, R. D.; Clark, J.; Washburn, L. (1999). "Decrease in Natural Marine Hydrocarbon Seepage near Coal Oil Point, California Associated with Offshore Oil Production". Geology. 27 (11): 1047–1050. Bibcode:1999Geo....27.1047Q. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<1047:DINMHS>2.3.CO;2.
- ↑ Arnold, Jeanne E. (1993). "Chumash Technology: New Discoveries of Uses of Imported Redwood and Asphaltum on the Channel Islands". Proceedings of the Society for California Archaeology. 6: 277–285.
- ↑ "Hoodwinker sunfish: Rare fish washes up on California beach". BBC. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- ↑ Luyendyk, B. P.; Kennett, J. P.; Clark, J. (2005). "Hypothesis for Increased Atmospheric Methane Input from Hydrocarbon Seeps on Exposed Continental Shelves during Glacial Low Sea Level". Marine and Petroleum Geology. 22 (4): 591–596. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.08.005.