Filin tsibirin
dandalin tsibirin (kuma dandalin tsakiya (Turanci na Amurka) ko dandalin ts tsakiya (British English)) tsari ne na tashar inda aka sanya dandamali guda ɗaya tsakanin waƙoƙi biyu a cikin Tashar jirgin ƙasa, tashar jirgin kasa ko musayar hanya.[1] Ana amfani da dandamali na tsibirin a wasu lokuta tsakanin waƙoƙi masu juyawa a kan tashoshin hanya guda biyu saboda suna da rahusa kuma suna da ƙasa da sauran shirye-shirye. Hakanan suna da amfani a cikin manyan tashoshin, inda za'a iya samun sabis na gida da na gaggawa don wannan hanyar tafiye-tafiye daga bangarorin daban-daban na wannan dandamali maimakon dandamali na gefe a kowane bangare na waƙoƙi, sauƙaƙewa da saurin canja wurin tsakanin waƙoƙoƙi biyu.
Amfani da tarihi na dandamali na tsibirin ya dogara sosai da wurin. A cikin Ƙasar Ingila yin amfani da dandamali na tsibirin a kan hanyoyin biyu-track ya zama ruwan dare lokacin da layin jirgin ƙasa ke cikin yanka ko ɗagawa a kan tudu, saboda wannan ya sauƙaƙa samar da damar zuwa dandalin ba tare da tafiya a kan waƙoƙi ba.
Fa'idodi da cinikayya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dandalin tsibirin ya zama dole ga kowane tashar da ke da yawa ta hanyar dandamali. Har ila yau, akwai fa'idodi don gina ƙananan tashoshin waƙa guda biyu tare da dandamali ɗaya na tsibirin maimakon dandamali biyu na gefe. Dandalin tsibirin suna ba da damar kayan aiki kamar shaguna, bayan gida da ɗakunan jira don a raba tsakanin waƙoƙi biyu maimakon a sake su ko kuma a kasance a gefe ɗaya kawai. Dandalin tsibirin yana sauƙaƙa ga matafiya masu nakasa su canza sabis tsakanin waƙoƙi ko wuraren samun dama. Idan waƙoƙin suna sama ko ƙasa da matakin ƙofar, tashar tana buƙatar matakala ɗaya kawai da mai ɗagawa ɗaya ko ramuka don ba da damar shiga cikin dandamali. Idan waƙoƙin suna daidai da ƙofar, wannan a maimakon haka yana haifar da rashin amfani; tsari na dandamali na gefe yana ba da damar dandamali ɗaya ya kasance kusa da ƙofar.
Idan dandalin tsibirin bai isa ya jimre da lambobin fasinjoji ba, yawanci yayin da suke ƙaruwa, yawan jama'a na iya haɗarin tura mutane kan waƙoƙi. A wasu lokuta, shigarwa cikin tashar an ƙuntata shi a lokutan da suka fi yawa don rage haɗari.[2] Misalan tashoshin inda wani karamin tsibirin ya haifar da matsalolin tsaro sun hada da Clapham Common da Angel (wanda aka sake ginawa a 1992) a kan London Underground, Union (wanda aka gyara a 2014) a kan Jirgin karkashin kasa na Toronto, da Umeda a kan Osaka Municipal Subway.
Dandalin tsibirin yana buƙatar waƙoƙi su rabu a kusa da dandalin tsakiya, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin faɗin tare da dama-hanya a kowane kusanci zuwa tashar, musamman a kan layin sauri. Cibiyoyin waƙa sun bambanta don tsarin dogo a duk faɗin duniya amma yawanci mita 3 zuwa 5 (9 in zuwa 16 ft 5 in). Idan dandalin tsibirin yana da mita 6 (19 in) a fadin, waƙoƙin dole ne su kashe ta wannan nesa. Duk da yake wannan buƙata ba matsala ba ce a kan sabon layin da ake ginawa, yana sa gina sabon tashar a kan layin da ke akwai ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da canza waƙoƙin ba. Dandalin tsibirin guda ɗaya kuma yana da wuyar samun ta hanyar waƙoƙi (wanda jiragen kasa da ba sa tsayawa a wannan tashar), waɗanda yawanci suna tsakanin waƙoƙin gida (inda tsibirin zai kasance).
Tsarin da aka saba amfani da shi a wurare masu yawa a kan layin saurin gudu shine dandamali biyu na tsibirin, tare da jiragen kasa masu saurin raguwa daga babban layin (ko amfani da matakin daban a kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa) don Landan waƙoƙin layin su kasance madaidaiciya. Saboda haka jiragen kasa masu saurin gudu na iya wucewa kai tsaye ta tashar, yayin da jiragen kasa masu jinkiri ke wucewa a dandamali (kamar a Kent House a London). Wannan tsari kuma yana ba da damar tashar ta zama ma'anar inda jiragen kasa masu saurin wucewa ta hanyar jiragen kasa masu sauri. Bambanci a wasu tashoshin shine samun saurin da saurin nau'ikan waƙoƙi kowannensu yana aiki da dandamali na tsibirin (kamar yadda ya saba a kan New York City Subway; Broad Street Line na Philadelphia; da Chicago Transit Authority's Red and Purple lines).
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Tsarin da ba a taɓa gani ba, wanda yake a Mets-Willets Point akan Layin Flushing na IRT, Titin 34th - Tashar Penn akan Layin IRT na Bakwai da Titin 34th - Tashar Penn akan Layin IND Takwas na Titin Subway na Birnin New York, yana amfani da dandamali na gefe biyu don sabis na gida tare da tsibiri tsakanin don sabis na bayyanawa. Manufar wannan tsari na yau da kullun shine don rage cunkoson fasinja da ba dole ba a tashar da ke da yawan fasinjoji. Tunda Layin IRT Seventh Avenue da IND Layin Avenue na takwas suna da tashoshi kusa da titin 42nd, fasinjoji za su iya yin jigilar su daga gida don bayyana jiragen ƙasa a can, suna barin ƙarin sarari ga fasinjojin da ke amfani da layin dogo a tashar Pennsylvania. An sake gyara tashar Willets Point Boulevard don ɗaukar yawan fasinjojin da ke zuwa bikin baje kolin duniya na 1939.
Yawancin tashoshin da ke kan Babban Jirgin kasa na Tsakiya a Ingila (yanzu kusan an rufe su gaba ɗaya) an gina su a cikin wannan nau'in. Wannan ya faru ne saboda an shirya layin don haɗawa da Ramin Channel. Idan wannan ya faru, layin zai buƙaci ya dace da ma'aunin loading na nahiyar, kuma wannan zai nufin zai zama da sauƙi a canza layin zuwa ma'auni mafi girma, ta hanyar motsa waƙa daga dandalin don ba da damar kayan aiki na nahiyar da ke da iko ya wuce kyauta yayin da yake barin yankin dandalin ba tare da taɓa shi ba.
Kusan dukkanin tashoshin jirgin kasa a Indiya suna da dandamali na tsibirin. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span>]
Ostiraliya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Sydney, kan Titin Dogo na Gabas da Epping Chatswood Railway, tagwayen tunnels suna da sarari sosai kuma waƙoƙin na iya kasancewa a cibiyoyi akai-akai yayin da suke barin ɗaki don dandamali na tsibirin. Wani ɗan hasara shi ne cewa crossovers dole ne su kasance masu tsayi sosai. Misalai a Melbourne sun haɗa da West Footscray, Tsakiyar Footscray, Albion da Tottenham akan layin Sunbury, Kananook akan layin Frankston, Jirgin sama, Williams Landing da Hoppers Crossing akan Layin Werribee, Ardeer, Caroline Springs akan Layin Ballarat, Glen Iris, Holmesglen, Jordanville da Syndal akan layin Glen Waverley da Hurist.
Kanada
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Toronto, tashoshin jirgin karkashin kasa 29 suna amfani da dandamali na tsibirin (wasu a cikin sabbin tashoshin akan Layin Bloor-Danforth, wasu a kan Layin Yonge-Jami'a da duk Layin Sheppard).
A Edmonton, duk tashoshin LRT 18 a kan Capital Line da Metro Line sun yi amfani da dandamali na tsibirin har sai tashar NAIT / Blatchford Market ta buɗe a 2024, tashar da ke da dandamali a gefe har zuwa 2024. The Valley Line Southeast yana amfani da fasahar LRT mai ƙasa, amma yana amfani da dandamali na tsibirin a kan kawai biyu daga cikin 12 tsayawa, Mill Woods da Davies.
Singapore
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kusan duk manyan tashoshi a cikin tsarin Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) na Singapore suna amfani da dandamalin tsibiri. Banda su ne tashar Dover MRT da tashar Canberra MRT, waɗanda ke amfani da dandamali na gefe kamar yadda aka gina su akan layin dogo da ake da su, wanda kuma aka sani da tashar infill. Hakanan yana biye da tashoshi na ƙasa, ban da tashar Braddell MRT, tashar Bishan MRT, da wasu tashoshi kaɗan akan layin Downtown (Stevens, Downtown, Telok Ayer, Chinatown da MacPherson) da layin Thomson-East Coast (Napier, Maxwell, Shenton Way da Marina Bay).
Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A kudancin New Jersey da Philadelphia, PATCO tana amfani da dandamali na tsibirin a duk tashoshin 13 don sauƙaƙe aikin jirgin ƙasa na mutum ɗaya.
Jirgin karkashin kasa na NYC yana da tashoshin da yawa tare da dandamali na tsibirin, gami da dukkan tashoshin Subway na biyu.[3]
Yankunan tsibirin da ba a yi amfani da su ba
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wani lokaci lokacin da hanyar da ke gefen dandalin ba ta amfani da jiragen fasinja, wannan gefen na iya rufewa. Misalan sun hada da Hurlstone Park, Lewisham, Sydney da Yeronga, Brisbane.
A cikin tsarin jirgin karkashin kasa na Birnin New York, bangarorin da ba a yi amfani da su ba suna cikin Bowling Green da kuma kowane tashar gaggawa ba tare da sabis na gaggawa ba, kamar Pelham Parkway a kan layin IRT Dyre Avenue. A Jersey City, tashar Newport PATH tana da tsari iri ɗaya da Bowling Green - dandamali ɗaya na gefe da dandamali ɗaya.
A kan Metro na Tokyo, Ginza Line yana da dandamali na gefe da kuma dandamali na tsibirin a Nihombashi . Hakazalika, tashoshin Namba da Minami-morimachi a kan Metro na Osaka suna da irin wannan tsari. A kan JR East, dandamali na Yokosuka Line a Musashi-Kosugi suna da irin wannan saitin bayan bude sabon dandamali na gefe a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022.[4]
Wasu tashoshin tashar jirgin karkashin kasa ta Glasgow suna da dandamali daya na tsibirin da kuma dandamali daya (Hillhead, Buchanan Street, da Ibrox).
A Wellington, New Zealand, ana iya samun bangarorin da ba a amfani da su a tashoshi biyu akan Layin Hutt Valley: Waterloo da Petone. An sake fasalin dandalin tsibirin Waterloo don zama dandamalin gefen ƙasa lokacin da aka sake gina tashar sosai a ƙarshen 1980s, tare da ɓangaren da ba a amfani da shi yanzu yana fuskantar kan hanyar bas. Dandalin tsibirin Petone ya yi aiki da babban layin sama da layin madauki na kewayen birni har zuwa lokacin da aka ɗaga madauki na kewayen birni a farkon 1990s. Dandalin da ba a yi amfani da shi yanzu yana fuskantar filin shakatawa da hawa na tashar.
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Island platforms around the world
Ashton-under-Lyne station, an island-platformed station in England
Island platform tram stop at Winson Green Outer Circle on the West Midlands Metro, in England
Navy Yard–Ballpark station on the Washington Metro Green Line after a baseball game at Nationals Park
Island platform at Bowling Green station on the New York City Subway with one side fenced off
An example of a basic island platform in Japan. Ōto Station on the Narita Line.
Taft Avenue station, one of the few island platforms in the Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3
Nunawading station on the Belgrave and Lilydale lines in Melbourne, Australia.
- ↑ "Island Platform". Railway-Technical. 2007-05-30. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
- ↑ Elvery, Martin (2 October 2022). "London Underground platform was so narrow it terrified anyone who stood on it". My London.
- ↑ "Second Avenue Subway Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS), May 2004 Figure 2-4 Track Diagram, North of 55th Street" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 25, 2015. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
- ↑ "JR武蔵小杉駅、横須賀線の新ホーム供用開始 – 新規改札口も設置へ" [JR Musashi-Kosugi Station, Yokosuka Line New Platform Opens – New Ticket Gates to be Installed]. Mynavi Corporation (in Japananci). 16 September 2022. Archived from the original on 16 September 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2022.