Fis mai Baƙar ido
| Fis mai Baƙar ido | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Order | Fabales (mul)  |
| Dangi | Fabaceae (mul) |
| Genus | Vigna (mul) |
| Jinsi | Vigna unguiculata (mul)
|
subspecies (en)  | Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata ,
|
| General information | |
| Tsatso | Black-eyed pea |
Fis ɗin mai baƙar fata ko kuma wake mai baƙar ido wani legume ne da ake nomawa a duniya don matsakaicin girmansa, wake mai cin abinci. Wani nau'in nau'in saniya ne, wani tsiron Tsohuwar Duniya da ke gida a Afirka, kuma wani lokaci ana kiransa saniya kawai. Ana kiran nau'in kasuwanci na yau da kullum da California Blackeye ; yana da kodadde launi tare da fitaccen tabo baƙar fata. Kudancin Amurka yana da nau'ikan iri iri-iri, da yawa daga cikinsu na gado, waɗanda suka bambanta da girma daga ƙaramin peas na mace zuwa manya. Launin ido yana iya zama baki, launin ruwan kasa, ja, ruwan hoda, ko kore. Duk peas kore ne lokacin da aka yi sabon harsashi kuma launin ruwan kasa ko buff lokacin bushewa. Wani mashahurin bambancin [1] [2] na baƙar fata mai ido shine fis ɗin ƙwanƙara mai launin shuɗi ko laka-in-idon fis ; yawanci kore ne tare da fitaccen wuri mai shuɗi ko ruwan hoda. Sunan Botanical da ake karɓa a halin yanzu don baƙar fata mai ido shine Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata, [3] ko da yake a baya an rarraba shi a cikin jinsin Phaseolus . Vigna unguiculata subsp. dekindtiana shine dangin daji da Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis shine wake mai alaƙa da bishiyar asparagus . Sauran wake masu kama da kamanni, kamar frijol ojo de cabra ( wake-eye wake ) na arewacin Mexico, wani lokaci ana kiransa baƙar fata baƙar fata, kuma akasin haka.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Baƙar fata mai ido ya samo asali ne daga yammacin Afirka kuma ana noma shi a China da Indiya tun zamanin da. [4] An girma [5] a Virginia tun daga karni na 17 ta bayin Afirka [6] waɗanda aka kawo su Amurka tare da tsire-tsire na asali daga ƙasashensu. [7] Har ila yau, amfanin gona zai zama sananne a Texas . George Washington Carver ne ya ciyar da dasa amfanin gona na peas mai baƙar fata saboda a matsayin legume, yana ƙara nitrogen zuwa ƙasa kuma yana da ƙimar sinadirai masu yawa. A ko'ina cikin Kudu, baƙar fata-sa ido har yanzu wani sashi ne da ake amfani da shi sosai a yau [8] a cikin abincin rai da abinci na Kudancin Amurka . [9] Ana noman fis ɗin baƙar fata a duk faɗin duniya.
Noma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A cikin yanayin da ba na wurare masu zafi ba, wannan amfanin gona mai son zafi ya kamata a shuka shi bayan duk haɗarin sanyi ya wuce kuma ƙasa tana da dumi. Tsaba da aka shuka da wuri za su ruɓe kafin germination . Black-sa ido Peas ne musamman jure fari, don haka wuce kima watering ya kamata a kauce masa. [10]
Amfanin amfanin gona ba shi da kwari da cututtuka . Tushen-ƙulli nematodes na iya zama matsala, musamman idan amfanin gona ba a jujjuya ba. A matsayin legumes mai gyara nitrogen, hadi na iya ware nitrogen bayan makonni uku da tsiro.
Furen yana samar da nectar da yawa, kuma manyan wurare na iya zama tushen zuma . Domin furen yana jawo nau'ikan pollinators iri-iri, dole ne a kula da aikace-aikacen maganin kwari don guje wa cin zarafin lakabi .
Bayan dasa shuki, ya kamata ya fara girma bayan kwanaki 2-5.
Lucky Sabuwar Shekara abinci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A Kudancin Amurka, cin baƙar fata ko kuma Hoppin 'John ( abincin rai na al'ada) a ranar Sabuwar Shekara ana tsammanin zai kawo wadata a cikin sabuwar shekara. Ana dafa Peas yawanci tare da kayan naman alade don dandano (kamar naman alade, fatback, kasusuwa na naman alade, ko hog jowls) da albasa diced, kuma a yi amfani da shi tare da miya mai zafi ko barkono mai dandano. Abincin gargajiya kuma ya haɗa da kabeji, collard, turnip, ko mustard greens, da naman alade. Peas, tun lokacin da suke kumbura idan an dafa shi, yana wakiltar wadata; ganyen alamar kuɗi; naman alade, saboda aladu suna da tushe a gaba lokacin da ake yin abinci, yana wakiltar motsi mai kyau. [11] Gurasar masara, wanda ke wakiltar zinariya, kuma sau da yawa yana tare da wannan abincin.
Akwai tatsuniyoyi da yawa dangane da asalin wannan al'ada. Shahararrun bayani guda biyu na haɗin gwiwar Kudu da Peas da sa'a sun koma zuwa yakin basasar Amurka . Na farko yana da alaƙa da tattakin da Janar William T. Sherman ya yi na Rundunar Sojan Ƙasa zuwa teku, inda suka kwashe kayan abinci na Confederates . Labari sun ce wake da naman alade mai gishiri an ce an bar su ba a taɓa su ba, saboda imanin cewa abincin dabbobi ne da bai dace da cin ɗan adam ba. 'Yan kudu sun dauki kansu masu sa'a da aka bar su da wasu kayan da za su taimaka musu su tsira daga lokacin sanyi, kuma wake mai launin baki ya samo asali zuwa wakilcin sa'a. Ɗaya daga cikin ƙalubale ga wannan almara shine cewa Janar Sherman ya kawo kayan ajiya tare da shi ciki har da kwanaki uku na abincin dabbobi kuma da wuya ya bar ko da abincin dabba ba a taɓa shi ba. Bugu da kari, kwanakin farkon matsakaicin sanyi don Atlanta da Savannah, bi da bi, sune Nuwamba 13 da Nuwamba 28. [12] Kamar yadda tafiyar Sherman ya kasance daga Nuwamba 15 zuwa Disamba 21, 1864, ba zai yiwu ba, ko da yake zai yiwu, cewa Rundunar Sojan Ƙasa za ta zo a kan filayen da baƙar fata baƙar fata kamar yadda aka yi a cikin mafi yawan labaran. A wata al'adar Kudancin, wake mai ido baƙar fata alama ce ta 'yanci ga Amurkawa Ba-Amurke waɗanda aka bautar da su a baya, kuma waɗanda bayan Yaƙin Basasa an 'yantar da su a hukumance a ranar Sabuwar Shekara. [13] [14]
Sauran al'adun Kudancin Amirka suna nuna Yahudawan Ashkenazi da Sephardic a cikin garuruwan Kudancin da kuma gonaki suna cin wake. [15]
Amfanin dafa abinci na duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin Misira, ana kiran peas mai launin fata lobia. [16] Lokacin da aka dafa shi da albasa, tafarnuwa, nama da ruwan tumatir, sannan a yi amfani da shinkafar Masar tare da wasu irin abinci da ake kira shaerya a gauraya a ciki, suna yin abincin da ya fi shahara a Masar.
A cikin Jordan, Lebanon, da Siriya, lobya ko koren baƙar fata mai ido ana dafa shi tare da albasa, tafarnuwa, tumatir, bawo da yankakken, man zaitun, gishiri da barkono baƙi.
A Najeriya da Ghana a yammacin Afirka da Caribbean, wani abinci na gargajiya da ake kira akara ko koose ya ƙunshi waken baƙar fata mai ido tare da ƙara gishiri, albasa da/ko barkono. Ana soya cakuda. A Najeriya ana yin wani pudding mai suna ' Moin-moin ' daga kasa da kuma hada wake da kayan yaji da kuma wasu sunadaran shuka kafin a soka. Ana amfani da wannan tare da abinci mai wadatar carbohydrate iri-iri kamar pap, shinkafa ko garri.
Asiya da Pacific
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Indonesiya, ana kiran peas mai ido kacang tunggak ko kacang tolo a cikin yaren gida. Ana amfani da su a cikin jita-jita irin su sambal goreng, jan curry mai zafi da yaji, sayur brongkos, ko sayur lodeh .
Ana yawan amfani da wake a duk faɗin Indiya . A cikin yarukan Hindi na Arewacin Indiya, ana kiran peas mai baƙar fata lobia (लोबीया) ko rongi (रोंगी). Ana dafa su kamar daal kuma ana dafa su da dafaffen shinkafa. [17]Samfuri:Failed verification[ gaza tabbatarwa ]
A cikin yankunan Nepali na Indiya da Nepal, ana kiranta lobia ( Nepali - लोबीया, Bodi, बोडी).
A yankunan da ake magana da Punjabi na Indiya da Pakistan, ana kiran su rongi / lobia ( Punjabi -ਰੌਁਗੀ/ ਲੋਬੀਆ).
A cikin Gujarat, ana kiran su suki choli / choli ( Gujarati - સુકી ચોળી/ચોળી).
A cikin ɓangarorin Bengali na Indiya ( West Bengal ) da Bangladesh, ana kiran su da borboti kolai ( Bengali - বরবটি কলাই).
A Odisha, ana kiran su jhudanga / jhunga ( Odia - ଝୁଡ଼ଙ୍ଗ/ଝୁଙ୍ଗ).
A cikin Assam, ana kiran su lesera maah ( Assamese - লেচৰা মাহ).
A Goa da sauran yankunan Konkani na Indiya, lobia/black eyeed wake ana kiransa bogdo / chawli ( Konkani - बोग्डो/चवळी).
A Maharashtra, ana kiran su chawli ( Marathi - चवळी ) kuma an sanya su cikin curry da ake kira chawli amti ko chawli usal . [18]
A Karnataka, ana kiran su alsande kalu ( Kannada - ಅಲಸಂದೆ ಕಾಳು) kuma ana amfani da su a cikin shirye-shiryen huli, sanannen nau'in curry . [19]
A cikin yankunan bakin teku na kudancin Karnataka kamar gundumar Kanara ta Kudu, ana kiran su da lathnay bitt a harshen Tulu ( Tulu - ಲತ್ತಣೆ ಬಿತ್ತ) kuma ana dafa su a cikin man kwakwa mai yaji don yin curry mai tsami ko busassun kwakwa.
A Tamil Nadu, ana kiran su karamani / thattapayaru ( Tamil - காரமணி/தட்டப்பயிறு) kuma ana amfani da su a cikin girke-girke daban-daban, ciki har da dafa shi da kuma sanya su cikin sundal mai kama da salad (sau da yawa a lokacin Ganesh Chaturthi da Navratri bukukuwa). [20]
A Andhra Pradesh da Telangana, an san su da sunan bobbarlu / alasandalu kura ( Telugu - బొబ్బర్లు/ అలసందలసందలు కూర, kuma ana amfani da su sosai don girke -girke.
A cikin Kerala, ana kiran su vellapayar ( Malayalam -വെളളപയർ) kuma wani yanki ne na tasa Sadhya, Olan .
A Vietnam, ana amfani da peas mai ido baƙar fata a cikin kayan zaki mai daɗi da ake kira chè đậu trắng (Baƙar fata Peas da shinkafa mai ɗanɗano tare da madarar kwakwa ).
Turai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Cyprus ( φρέσκο λουβί (fresko luvi) ), Girka ( μαυρομάτικα ) da Turkiyya ( börülce salatası ), ana cin baƙar fata baƙar fata a matsayin salatin tare da sutura na man zaitun, tafarnuwa, ruwan 'ya'yan itace. [21]
A Portugal, ana yin amfani da peas mai baƙar fata tare da dafaffen cod da dankali, tare da tuna, da kuma a cikin salads.
Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amirka ta Arewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]" Hoppin' John ", wanda aka yi da wake mai baƙar fata ko wake, shinkafa, da naman alade, abinci ne na gargajiya a sassan Kudancin Amurka.
Texas caviar, wani abinci na gargajiya a Kudancin Amirka, an yi shi ne daga peas mai launin fata da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kayan ado na vinaigrette da yankakken tafarnuwa. [22]
Kudancin Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A jihar Bahia da ke arewa maso gabashin Brazil, musamman a birnin Salvador, ana amfani da wake mai baƙar fata (mai suna "feijão fradinho" a can) a cikin abincin gargajiya na kan titi na Afirka ta Yamma da ake kira acarajé . Ana kwasfa wake kuma ana niƙa, kuma ana yin wannan manna a cikin ƙwallo da soya sosai a cikin dendê . Acarajé yawanci ana raba shi da rabi kuma ana cusa shi da vatapá, <i id="mwAYc">caruru</i>, diced green and ja tumatur, soyayyen shrimp da rana da miya mai zafi na gida.
A arewacin Colombia, ana amfani da su don shirya fritter mai suna buñuelo . Ana nutsar da wake a cikin ruwa na 'yan sa'o'i don sassauta fatar jikinsu da laushi. Sannan ana cire fatun ta hannu ko da taimakon injin niƙa. Da zarar an cire fatun, ana niƙa wake ko kuma a haɗa su, sannan a ƙara ƙwai, wanda ke haifar da haɗuwa mai laushi. Ana soya cakuda a cikin mai mai zafi. Yana yin karin kumallo mai gina jiki.
A Guyana, Amurka ta Kudu, da Trinidad and Tobago, yana daya daga cikin nau'in wake da aka fi sani da dafa shi da shinkafa, babban wanda shine jan koda, kuma ana kiransa ja. Ana kuma dafa shi azaman abun ciye-ciye ko appetizer da kanta. A jajibirin sabuwar shekara (wanda ake magana da shi da Daren Tsohuwar Shekara a Guyana da Suriname ), iyalai suna dafa abincin gargajiya da ake kira girkin shinkafa . Abincin ya ƙunshi shinkafa, baƙar fata, da sauran wake da nama iri-iri da aka dafa a cikin madarar kwakwa da kayan yaji. Bisa ga al'ada, shinkafa mai dafa abinci ya kamata ya zama abu na farko da ake cinyewa a cikin Sabuwar Shekara don sa'a. Shinkafa mai dafa abinci kuma ana yin ta azaman abincin yau da kullun.
Abinci mai gina jiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daya 100 g bautar dafaffen peas mai idanu baƙar fata ya ƙunshi 484 kilojoules (116 kcal) na makamashin abinci kuma shine kyakkyawan tushen folate kuma kyakkyawan tushen thiamine, baƙin ƙarfe, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, da zinc . [23] Legumes kuma shine tushen tushen fiber na abinci (6.5 g da 100 g bauta) kuma ya ƙunshi matsakaicin adadin sauran bitamin da ma'adanai masu yawa (tebur).
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Adzuki wake
- Chickpea
- Dixie Lee asalin
- Koren wake
- Lenti
- Jerin cututtuka na kowa wake
- Mun wake
- Organic wake
- Pulse (legume)
- Sea Island jan wake
- Vicia faba
- ↑ "variation | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-03-10.
- ↑ Stephanie (2015-08-06). "Measures of Variation: Definition, Types and Examples". Statistics How To (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-03-09.
- ↑ "Showing Food Black-eyed pea - FooDB". foodb.ca. Archived from the original on 2021-09-17. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
- ↑ "Are black-eyed peas really peas?". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
- ↑ "Cultivation - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms". Vocabulary.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-03-10.
- ↑ "Area - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms". Vocabulary.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-03-11.
- ↑ Joseph E. Holloway. "African Crops and Slave Cuisine". California State University Northridge. Archived from the original on 2009-09-19. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
- ↑ "Ingredient - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms". Vocabulary.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-03-11.
- ↑ "soul food | Description, History, & Ingredients". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-17.
- ↑ Avery, Dennis T. "Drought-tolerant Black-eyed Peas at Center Stage - by Dennis T. Avery". www.hudson.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-09-17.
- ↑ Greene, Teri (2009-01-02). "A Tasty Tradition: New Year's meal means good luck, good eats". Montgomery Advertiser: 2, 3A. Archived from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
- ↑ Service, US Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Weather. "First Fall Freeze Dates in Georgia". www.crh.noaa.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2017-12-29.
- ↑ Garrett, Tammy (27 December 2015). "Black-eyed peas are New Year's tradition for Southerners". Three Rivers Edition. Arkansas Online. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
- ↑ Ruth. "Hoppin John". Awesome Cookery. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
- ↑ Rosen, Robert. "The Provincials". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 August 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
- ↑ Noha (2020-01-27). "Loubiya (Egyptian Black Eyed Pea Stew)". Sugar & Garlic (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-05-24.
- ↑ "Black Eye Bean Curry - Punjab Chawli, Rongi Masala - Recipes Shop, Buy Online". Store.indianfoodsco.com. Archived from the original on 2014-06-06. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
- ↑ "Black eyed beans curry". Chakali. 2014-09-03. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
- ↑ "Alasande Kalu Huli /Curried Black eyed Peas And Soppina Palya/Stirfried Amaranth". Taste of Mysore. 2008-09-11. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
- ↑ "Karamani Sundal/Lobia Sundal Recipe - Ganesha Chaturthi Naivedyam Recipes". Indian Khana. 2013-09-06. Archived from the original on 2016-09-27. Retrieved 2016-09-05.
- ↑ "Swiss Chard and Black Eyed Beans". Thursdayfordinner.com. 2008-12-19. Archived from the original on 2014-12-25. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
- ↑ Joyce Sáenz Harris. "Try Some Texas Caviar". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 2008-10-19.
- ↑ "Show Foods". Ndb.nal.usda.gov. Archived from the original on December 18, 2012. Retrieved 2014-06-04.
Manazarta
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