Flatiron (geomorphology)

Flatiron (geomorphology)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	geological structure (en) da landform (en)

A al'adance a cikin ilimin ƙasa, flatiron wani nau'i ne mai tsayi mai tsayi wanda aka kirkira ta hanyar bambancin rushewar da ke nutsewa, mai tsayayya da rushewar dutse mai laushi. Flatirons suna da tushe mai faɗi wanda ya zama tushe na tsayi, bangare na triangular wanda ke ƙuntata zuwa sama zuwa wani batu a taron. Rarrabawar Hogback ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa na yau da kullun sau da yawa yana haifar da samar da jerin flatirons karfe da yajin aikin dutsen da ya karfe hogback.^[1] Kamar yadda aka lura a wasu, amma ba duk ma'anoni ba, yawancin flatirons suna kan gangaren dutse mafi girma tare da layin dutse wanda ke samar da flatiron da ya karkata a cikin wannan gefen, amma sau da yawa a kusurwa mafi tsayi fiye da gangaren dutsen da aka haɗa. Sunan flatiron yana nufin kamanceceniya da wani upended, gidan flatiron.^[2]

Tarihi

Flatirons kusa da Boulder, Colorado, duka misali ne na waɗannan sifofin ƙasa da tushen sunan su. Ana samun wasu filaye masu kyau a gabashin Uinta Mountains a arewa maso yammacin Colorado, Waterpocket Fold a Capitol Reef National Park, Dutsen Superstition kusa da Phoenix, Arizona, da kuma gefen Marathon Uplift a yammacin Texas.

Ana amfani da kalmar "flatiron" don ƙananan siffofi waɗanda aka sani da pediment flatirons da talus flatirons. Wadannan siffofi sune ƙananan tuddai tare da siffar triangular zuwa siffar trapezoidal mai gangara tare da dogon gefen wannan farfajiyar a matsayin tushe da kuma ma'ana a saman su. Dukkanin pediment flatirons da talus flatirons suna da alaƙa da ƙuƙwalwa cuesta, mesa, ko dutse kuma tare da matakai da aka tsawo zuwa ga scarp. Dukkanin nau'ikan waɗannan flatirons yawanci ana raba su daga tsaunuka ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun raƙuman ruwa da raƙuman. Wadannan flatirons sun kunshi ko dai talus, a cikin yanayin talus flatirons, ko pedisediment da colluvium waɗanda ke rufe pediments, a cikin batun pediment flatirons. Yankin su yana karewa da kwari nau'i mai laushi na Caprock. Caprock yawanci ya kunshi Caliche, wanda ke da kimanin mita 2 (6.6 kauri kuma da wuya kamar mita 5 (16 kauni, wanda ya bunkasa a ko dai talus, pedisediment, ko colluvium. Talus flatirons suna kwance a cikin gangaren tsaunuka - kuma pediment flatirons yana faruwa a cikin yankin canji tsakanin tsaunuka da foreland. Pediment flatirons na iya haɗuwa zuwa ƙasa a cikin wani kogi. Dukkanin talus da pediment flatirons sune ragowar tsoffin tsarin gangara masu aiki waɗanda suka kasance wani ɓangare na tarihin scarp.^[3]

Manazarta

↑ Huggett, JL (2011) Fundamentals of Geomorphology. Routledge. New York, New York. 516 pp. ISBN 978-0-415-56774-9
↑ Jackson, JA, J Mehl and K Neuendorf (2005) Glossary of Geology. American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Virginia. 800 pp. ISBN 0-922152-76-4
↑ Schmidt, K-H (2009) Hillslopes as Evidence of Climatic Change. In AJ Parsons and AD Abrahams, eds., pp. 675-694, Geomorphology of Desert Environments, 2nd ed., Springer Science+Business Media, New York, New York, 831 pp. ISBN 978-1-4020-5718-2

[Huggett2011a-1] Huggett, JL (2011) Fundamentals of Geomorphology. Routledge. New York, New York. 516 pp. ISBN 978-0-415-56774-9

[Jackson2005a-2] Jackson, JA, J Mehl and K Neuendorf (2005) Glossary of Geology. American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Virginia. 800 pp. ISBN 0-922152-76-4

[Schmidt2009a-3] Schmidt, K-H (2009) Hillslopes as Evidence of Climatic Change. In AJ Parsons and AD Abrahams, eds., pp. 675-694, Geomorphology of Desert Environments, 2nd ed., Springer Science+Business Media, New York, New York, 831 pp. ISBN 978-1-4020-5718-2

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