Fort Julien
| Fort Julien | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Wuri | |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Misra |
Governorate of Egypt (en)  | Beheira Governorate (en) |
| Birni | Rosetta |
| Coordinates | 31°26′23″N 30°23′22″E / 31.4397°N 30.3894°E |
 | |
| History and use | |
| Siege of Fort Julien | |
| Shugaba |
Qaitbay (mul) |
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| |
Fort Julien (ko, a wasu kafofin, Fort Rashid ) (Larabci : طابية رشيد) wani katafaren kagara ne dake gefen hagu ko yammacin gaɓar kogin Nilu kimanin 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) arewa maso yamma na Rashid (Rosetta) a arewacin gaɓar tekun Masar.[1] Tun asali Mamluks ne suka gina shi kuma Faransawa ne suka mamaye shi a lokacin yakin Napoleon Bonaparte a Masar da Siriya tsakanin shekarun 1798 zuwa 1801. Fort ya zama sananne a matsayin wurin da aka samo Rosetta Stone a shekarar 1799.[1]
Bayani da tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan tsari ne mai squat mai siffar rectangular tare da katafaren gida wanda ke kallon ƴan kilomita na ƙarshe na Kogin Nilu kafin ya shiga Tekun Bahar Rum. Mamluk Sultan Qait Bey ne ya gina shi a shekara ta 1470, wanda kuma ya gina babban birni na Qaitbay a Alexandria. A cikin shekarar 1516, Sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri ya ƙarfafa ta da katangar tsaro. Daga baya katangar ta faɗa cikin lalacewa.[2] An gina katangar a wani ɓangare daga dutsen da aka wawashe daga tsoffin wuraren Masarawa da ke kusa; lokacin da Vivant Denon ya ziyarce shi a cikin shekarar 1799, ya lura cewa an gina shi da wasu sassa na tsoffin gine-gine; kuma da yawa daga cikin duwatsun ramukan sun kasance na kyawawan dutsen kyauta na Upper Egypt, kuma har yanzu an rufe shi da hieroglyphs.[3]
Gano Dutsen Rosetta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Faransawa sun mallaki rugujewar kagara a ranar 19 ga watan Yulin 1799, kwanaki kaɗan kafin yakin Abukir, suka fara sake ginawa cikin gaggawa. Daga baya an sake gina shi cikin tsari mai zurfi kuma an sake masa suna Fort Julien bayan Thomas Prosper Jullien. Ɗaya daga cikin mataimakan Napoleon-de-sansanin, Laftanar Pierre-François Bouchard, ya bankaɗo sanannen Dutsen Rosetta a sansanin yayin da yake gyaran kariya.[4] Injiniyoyin Qait Bey da alama sun kawo shi zuwa wurin daga wani wuri, watakila haikalin da ke kusa da Sais, don amfani da shi azaman cikawa.[5] Shekaru biyu bayan haka, haɗin gwiwar sojojin Birtaniya da na Turkiyya sun kwace katanga bayan wani ɗan lokaci da aka yi wa ƙawanya da harin bama-bamai.
Halin halin yanzu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gwamnatin Masar ta mayar da katanga sosai a shekarun 1980 sannan shugaba Hosni Mubarak ya sake buɗe ta a shekarar 1985. Yanzu haka an kewayeta ta ɓangarori uku da ƙauyen Izbat Burj Rashid kuma a buɗe yake ga jama'a.[2] Yana yiwuwa a isa ta taksi daga Rashid.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ades, Harry (2007). A Traveller's History of Egypt. Arris Publishing Ltd. p. 226. ISBN 978-1-905214-01-3.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jobbins, Jenny; Megalli, Mary (1993). The Egyptian Mediterranean: a traveler's guide. American University in Cairo Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-977-424-304-2.
- ↑ Ireland, William Henry (1828). The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte. J. Cumberland. p. 366.
- ↑ Courrier de l'Égypte no. 37 (2 Fructidor year 7 / 1799) p. 3
- ↑ Saunders, Nicholas J. Alexander's Tomb: The Two Thousand Year Obsession to Find the Lost Conqueror, p. 134. Basic Books, 2007. ISBN 978-0-465-07203-3
- ↑ Richardson, Dan (2003). Egypt. Rough Guides. p. 636. ISBN 978-1-84353-050-3.