Fort Pearson
| Fort Pearson | |
|---|---|
_Zululand-Fort_Pearson_(titel_op_object),_RP-F-2001-7-425-13_(cropped).jpg) | |
| Wuri | |
| Coordinates | 29°12′49″S 31°25′59″E / 29.21372°S 31.43303°E |
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Fort Pearson wani katanga ne da Turawan Ingila suka gina a gefen Natal na kan iyaka da Zululand a lokacin da aka fara Yaƙin Anglo-Zulu na 1879. An gina wani katanga mai faɗin 300 feet (100 m) babban dutse da ke kallon Kogin Tugela, sansanin soja da kuma wuraren da ke waje guda biyu sun samar da wani muhimmin hanyar ketare kogi. Ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙan mamayar farko ta watan Janairun 1879 ne aka yi amfani da shi, wanda a lokacin aka kewaye shi da Eshowe a Zululand. An sake amfani da hanyar ketarewa ta hanyar ginshiƙin agaji na Eshowe a watan Maris da kuma ta biyu a watan Afrilu. An ƙarfafa sansanin a watan Afrilun 1879 kuma an haɗa shi da Pietermaritzburg ta hanyar telegraph a watan Yuni. Birtaniya ta ci nasarar yaƙin a watan Yuli amma sojojin Birtaniya sun sake mamaye sansanin a shekarar 1883 a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Zulu na Uku .
Kafin yaƙi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Fort Pearson wani gini ne da aka gina da ƙasa [1] wanda rundunar sojoji ta 2 ta Rundunar Soja ta 3 (Buffs) da kuma wani ɓangare na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa (ma'aikatan Rundunar Sojan Ruwa da ke aiki a matsayin sojojin ƙasa) suka gina a gefen Natal na Kogin Tugela a watan Nuwamba na 1878. Daga baya waɗannan rundunonin sun taimaka wajen tsare sansanin. [2] An gina sansanin a kan 300 feet (100 m) babban dutse mai tsayi, yana kallon wani kwararowar ruwa (ƙasa mai zurfi) na Tugela. [3] Wurin yana da ƙarfi sosai har Turawan Ingila suka ɗauke shi a matsayin wanda ba za a iya shawo kansa ba ga harin Zulu. [3]
A ɗan gajeren nisa daga sansanin sojojin Birtaniya, Turawan Ingila sun sanya wani jirgin ruwa mai ratsawa don tallafawa ci gaban sansanin. [2] [1] Baya ga babban sansanin sojojin, akwai kuma ƙananan jiragen ruwa guda biyu (ciki har da Euphorbia Hill Redoubt) don taimakawa wajen sarrafa ketare kogin. [2] An sanya masa suna ne saboda Kanar Charles Knight Pearson .
Ketare sansanin soja a ƙarƙashin sansanin shine wurin da aka yi taron 11 ga Disamba, 1878 tsakanin jami'in mulkin mallaka na Natal John Shepstone da tawagar Zulu indunas inda Shepstone ya gabatar da wa'adi ga Zulu. [4] Wa'adin ya kasance mai tsauri, yana buƙatar canji mai mahimmanci a rayuwar Zulu, kuma Turawan Birtaniya sun yi niyya cewa sarkin Zulu Cetshwayo ya ƙi shi kuma wannan zai zama abin da zai zama abin kunya ga Yaƙin Anglo-Zulu . [5] An ayyana yaƙi a watan Janairun 1879 kuma kwamandan sojojin Birtaniya Lord Chelmsford ya fara mamaye Zululand mai matakai uku. [6]
Yaƙin Anglo-Zulu
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Sansanin ya yi aiki a matsayin wurin adana kayayyaki da kuma tushen ayyukan ginin sashin Dama (Lambar 1) a lokacin mamayar farko ta Zululand, inda a watan Janairu, aka gina sansanin sojojin Tenedos a gefen kogin Zulu . Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta bar bindigogin filin su guda biyu masu nauyin kilo 12 a sansanin lokacin da suka haɗu da ci gaban ginin zuwa Eshowe . [2] Ketare Tugela ta farko ta ginshiƙin, ta amfani da tuddai kuma matuƙan jirgin ruwa na Royal Navy suka shirya shi, abin birgewa ne kuma ya jawo hankalin jama'a daga Durban. [6] [1]
A lokacin ci gaba, an yi wa sansanin katanga katanga da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Rundunar Kafa ta 99 da kuma wani ɓangare na Rundunar 'Yan Asalin Natal katanga . [7] A ranar 13 ga Maris, wani sirri na Rundunar 99 ya gudu daga asibitin sansanin ya kashe kansa ta hanyar jefa kansa daga kan dutse zuwa cikin Tugela. [3] [8]
Sansanin ya goyi bayan ginshiƙin agajin Eshowe (wanda ya rage yaƙin Eshowe ) na Maris-Afrilu 1879 da kuma Sashe na 1, Rundunar Sojan Afirka ta Kudu, a cikin mamaye na biyu (Afrilu-Yuli 1879). [2] Bayan an rage ƙarfin Eshowe da kuma kafin mamaye Zululand na biyu, a watan Afrilu 1879, sojojin Manjo-Janar Henry Hope Crealock na 1 sun ƙarfafa sansanin. [2] A watan Mayu, an maye gurbin jirgin ruwan pont da gadar pontoon, kuma a watan Yuni, an ketare babban tashar da gadar trestle mai rabin-dindin. [1] A wannan lokacin, hanyar sadarwa ta telegraph ta haɗa Fort Pearson da Durban zuwa Pietermaritzburg . [1] A lokacin sauran yakin, sansanin ya zama asibiti ga marasa lafiya da waɗanda suka ji rauni. Da farko an sanya musu kayan gado 200, ba da daɗewa ba suka gaza saboda yawan maza da ke rashin lafiya, kuma duk da cewa ana kai ayarin marasa lafiya zuwa asibitin sansanin da ke Durban akai-akai, wani lokacin ana ɗaukar mutane 400. [9]
A ranar 5 ga Yuli, Janar Garnet Wolseley, wanda aka aika ya maye gurbin Chelmsford, ya isa sansanin. Da isarsa, Wolseley ya sami labarin cewa Chelmsford ya ci Zulu a Yaƙin Ulundi kuma ya yi nasara a yaƙin. [4]
Amfani daga baya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An sake amfani da sansanin soja a Yaƙin Basasa na Uku na Zulu a shekarar 1883. A ƙarshen watan Satumba, rundunar sojojin Birtaniya ta taru a wurin kafin a kai hari zuwa Eshowe don kare kwamishinan Birtaniya a wurin. [2]
Daga baya aka yi watsi da wurin. Gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta ba shi kariya a matsayin wurin tarihi na lardin a ranar 25 ga Agusta 1950. [10]
Ana iya samun damar shiga ta hanyar yin yarjejeniya da Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife waɗanda ke kula da Harold Johnson Nature Reserve .
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 5 Morris 1965.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Laband 2009.
- 1 2 3 Knight 2004.
- 1 2 David 2004.
- ↑ Paulin 2001.
- 1 2 Knight 2000.
- ↑ Greaves 2005.
- ↑ Knight 2008.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "Declared Sites". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022.