Francis Bacon
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Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban [lower-alpha 1] PC / / ˈbeɪkən / ; 22 Janairu 1561 - 9 Afrilu shekarar 1626) wani masanin falsafa ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Ingila wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Lauya kuma Shugaban Jami'ar Ingila a ƙarƙashin Sarki James. Ni . Bacon ya yi jayayya game da muhimmancin falsafar halitta, wanda hanyar kimiyya ta jagorance shi, kuma ayyukansa sun ci gaba da yin tasiri a duk tsawon juyin juya halin kimiyya.[5]
Tarihin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi Francis Bacon a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1561 a Gidan York kusa da Strand a Landan, ɗan Sir Nicholas Bacon (Lord Keeper of the Great Seal) da matarsa ta biyu, Anne (Cooke) Bacon, 'yar sanannen ɗan adam na Renaissance Anthony Cooke. 'Yar uwarsa ta auri William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, wanda ya zama kawun Burghley Bacon.[6]
Masu ba da labari sun yi imanin cewa Bacon ya yi karatu a gida a farkon shekarunsa saboda rashin lafiya, wanda zai addabe shi a duk rayuwarsa. Ya sami karatun daga John Walsall, wanda ya kammala karatu a Oxford tare da dogaro mai karfi ga Puritanism. Ya halarci Kwalejin Triniti a Jami'ar Cambridge a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1573 yana da shekaru 12, yana zaune a can na tsawon shekaru uku tare da ɗan'uwansa Anthony Bacon (1558-1601) a ƙarƙashin kulawar John Whitgift, Babban Bishop na Canterbury na gaba. An gudanar da ilimin Bacon galibi a cikin Latin kuma ya bi tsarin karatun zamani. A Cambridge ne Bacon ya fara saduwa da Sarauniya Elizabeth, wacce ta yi sha'awar basirarsa, kuma ta saba da kiransa "The young lord keeper".
Dan majalisa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bacon ya bayyana cewa yana da manufofi uku: gano gaskiya, bauta wa kasarsa, da kuma bauta wa cocinsa. Ya nemi cimma wadannan manufofi ta hanyar neman matsayi mai daraja. A shekara ta 1580, ta hanyar kawunsa, Lord Burghley, ya nemi matsayi a kotu wanda zai iya ba shi damar bin rayuwar ilmantarwa, amma aikace-aikacensa ya gaza. Shekaru biyu ya yi aiki a hankali a Gray's Inn, har sai an shigar da shi a matsayin lauya na waje a shekara ta 1582.
Rayuwa ta mutum
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Addini
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bacon ya kasance mai ibada ga Anglican. Ya yi imanin cewa dole ne a yi nazarin falsafar da duniyar halitta ta hanyar inductively, amma ya yi jayayya cewa za mu iya nazarin muhawara kawai game da wanzuwar Allah. Bayani game da halayen Allah (kamar yanayi, aiki, da dalilai) na iya fitowa ne kawai daga wahayi na musamman. Bacon ya kuma yi imanin cewa ilimin ya tara, wannan binciken ya ƙunshi fiye da sauƙin adana abubuwan da suka gabata. "Ilimi shine wadataccen ajiya don ɗaukakar Mahalicci da kuma sauƙaƙe dukiyar mutum", ya rubuta. A cikin Essays, ya tabbatar da cewa "wani ɗan falsafar yana sa tunanin mutum ya zama mai musun wanzuwar Allah, amma zurfin falsafar yana kawo tunanin mutane game da addini".
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ There is confusion over the spelling of Bacon's title. Some sources, such as the 2007 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography and the 9th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, spell it "St Alban";[1][2] others, such as the Dictionary of National Biography (1885) and the 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, spell the title "St Albans".[3][4]
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- ↑ Peltonen 2007.
- ↑ Adamson 1878, p. 200.
- ↑ Fowler 1885, p. 346.
- ↑ Adamson & Mitchell 1911, p. 135.
- ↑ Peter Dawkins, Dedication to the Light, England: Francis Bacon Research Trust, 1984
- ↑ Pollard 1911.