Frank Blackhorse

Frank Blackhorse
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Cherokee (en) , 31 Oktoba 1948 (77 shekaru)
ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Mutuwa	South Dakota,
Sana'a

 

Frank Blackhorse yana daya daga cikin sunayen da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar wani memba na Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka. Wataƙila an fi saninsa da shiga cikin abin da ya faru a Wounded Knee, musamman rawar da ya taka a harbi wanda ya bar FBI biyu da Indiyawan Amurka guda ɗaya sun mutu da kuma zama mai gudu wanda ya gudu zuwa Kanada jim kadan bayan haka.

Rayuwa ta farko

Yawancin farkon rayuwar Frank Blackhorse da na sirri ba a ɓoye suke ba. A cewar wata majiya, an haifi Blackhorse Frank Leonard Deluca. Duk da haka, wata majiya ta gano Blackhorse kamar yadda aka haifa Francis Deluca. Ko da yake Blackhorse ya bayyana kansa a matsayin memba na al'ummar Cherokee, wasu majiyoyi sun bayyana cewa shi ba Ba'indiye ba ne. Har ila yau, goyon bayan waɗannan ikirari shine FBI, wacce ta bayyana cewa Blackhorse ɗan ƙabilar Italiya ne. Majiyoyi biyu sun nuna cewa Blackhorse na zuriyar Yahudawa ne. Ko da yake Blackhorse ya yi iƙirarin cewa an haife shi a garin Cherokee, North Carolina, FBI ta yi iƙirarin cewa an haifi Blackhorse a birnin Cleveland, Ohio .

Baya ga shubuhar da ke tattare da ƙabilar Blackhorse, akwai ƙwaƙƙwaran digiri da ke da hannu wajen tabbatar da ainihin ainihin sa. Blackhorse yana da dogon jerin sunayen laƙabi waɗanda yake amfani da su. Jerin sunayen laƙabi sun haɗa da Francis Blackhorse, Frank DeLuca, Bruce Johnson, Richard Leon High Eagle, Richard Tall Bull, Mike Houston, Michael Houston, Teddy Louis da Teddy Lewis. Abokin da ya gabata, Uba Michael Campagna, wanda ke da alaƙa da Campagna Academy (tsohon Hoosier Boys' Town of Indiana) na Schererville, Indiana, ya zo a kan FBI Wanted Flyer #482, kuma ya gano Blackhorse a matsayin Frank L. Deluca, wanda asalin ranar haihuwarsa shine 16 Oktoba 1954, Frank, wanda aka haife shi a Birnin Chicago, da kuma garin Kay. Deluca.

Rashin gwiwa

A ranar 11 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1973, wakilin FBI Curtis A. Fitzgerald ya samu rauni a wuyan hannu. Kodayake babu wata hujja ta ƙarshe game da wanda ya harbe harbi na farko da ya ji wa Fitzgerald rauni, An kama Blackhorse kuma an tuhume shi da harbi Fitzgerald. Daga baya a wannan watan Maris, an saki Blackhorse a kan takardar kudi ta $ 10,000.00.

A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1974, babban juri na tarayya a Sioux Falls, Dakota ta Kudu, ya zargi Frank Blackhorse da zargin harbi wakilin FBI na musamman Curtis A. Fitzgerald a Wounded Knee, Dakota ta Kudu. Blackhorse ya kasa bayyana a shari'ar da aka shirya a Majalisar Bluffs kuma Alkalin Kotun Gundumar Amurka Andrew W. Bogue daga baya ya ba da izinin benci ga Black Horse. Lauyansa, Martha Copleman, an same shi a cikin raina kotu game da Blackhorse ba tare da nunawa ba don shari'a.

Lauyan Blackhorse ya yi yaƙi da Kotun Koli don haƙƙin kada ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa abokin ciniki ya ɓace, hukuncin da Kotun koli ta amince da shi.

Tsalle-tsalle na Bull

An kira Blackhorse wanda ake zargi a cikin RESMURS (wani nau'i na kisan kiyashi), sunan da aka sanya wa binciken kan wani abin da ya faru da ya shafi harbi a Jumping Bull Compound kuma ya haifar da kisan jami'an FBI na musamman guda biyu: Jack Coler da Ronald Williams . FBI ce ke neman Blackhorse.

Sakamakon haka

Leonard Peltier, tare da Blackhorse, 'yan sanda na Royal Canadian Mounted sun kama su a Hinton, Alberta, Kanada a sansanin Smallboy's Reserve/Smallboy Camp, zuwa Calgary, Alberta, kuma aka kai shi gonar kurkukun Oakalla a Vancouver, British Columbia, ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 1976.

Rahotanni game da mika su zuwa Amurka, suna rikice-rikice, wasu suna cewa an mika su duka, amma wasu suna cewa Peltier ne kawai. amma an yi watsi da tuhumar da aka yi wa Blackhorse da ke da alaƙa da RESMURS. Tushen da yawa sun ba da rahoton cewa ba a taɓa fitar da Blackhorse ba. Littafin Mi Taku'ye-Oyasin: The Native American Holocaust, Volume 2 ya nuna cewa Blackhorse ya tsere daga Amurka jim kadan bayan ya shaida da / ko shiga cikin kisan gillar Mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama Ray Robinson kuma ya kasance a Kanada "a karkashin wasu sunayen da suka bambanta". 

Inda yake a yanzu

Duk da yake wurin da aka sani na ƙarshe ya kasance a Edmonton, Alberta, Kanada, ba a san inda Blackhorse yake ba. A cewar littafin When Will We Ever Learn, Blackhorse ya ɓace bayan ba a tuhume shi ba dangane da RESMURS. [Tushen da aka buga da kansa] Wata tushe ta nuna cewa an ba Blackhorse damar "ya ɓace ba za a sake jin sa ba". Antoinette Nora Claypoole, marubucin Who Would Unbraid Her Hair: the Legend of Annie Mae, wani littafi da ke bincika abubuwan da suka haifar da kisan Anna Mae Pictou-Aquash da ƙoƙarin gano ainihin mai kisan ta, ya nuna cewa Blackhorse ya ɓace jim kadan bayan kama Peltier a Kanada a shekara ta 1976. 

Kyauta

Akwai da yawa masu goyon bayan rashin laifi na Peltier waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa Blackhorse shine mabuɗin tabbatar da 'yancin Peltier. ^{An [ ]} Blackhorse yana da bayanan da suka shafi kisan wasu jami'an FBI guda biyu. Michael Kuzma, lauya mai kare Peltier, dan gwagwarmayar Indiyawan Amurka, ya roki jama'a da su taimaka wa lauyan a kokarinsa na gano Blackhorse. Kuzma ya biyo bayan karar da aka shigar a wata kotun tarayya da ke birnin Buffalo, New York .

A ranar 13 ga Mayu 2004, Kuzma ta shigar da aikace-aikace tare da Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka don samun bayanan da ke cikin mallakarta na Blackhorse. A ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2012, a madadin Kuzma, Peter A. Reese, lauya wanda ya ba da taimako ga Kuzma a cikin yunkurin da bai yi nasara ba don tabbatar da takardun saki ta hanyar buƙatar 'yancin bayanai, wanda aka gabatar akan takardun da suka shafi Blackhorse . Wani lauya, Daire Brian Irwin, ya shigar da kara a Kotun Gundumar Amurka a Buffalo, New York, ya nemi umarni da ya umarci Ma'aikatar Shari'a da ta saki bayanan da aka nema na Blackhorse. Kuzma ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa Blackhorse wani jami'in FBI ne da aka aiko don shiga cikin rukunin thae Aim kuma ya sami amincewar membobinta. A cewar Kuzma, "FBI ta sa ƙafafun da suka kashe jami'anta," wanda ya yi imanin ya faru ne lokacin da masu ba da labari da ke aiki a madadin hukumar suka shiga AIM (ciki har da Blackhorse), tare da Kuzma yana ambaton takardar da aka samu a baya, mai kwanan wata 15 ga Janairun 1976, wanda Mataimakin Darakta Janar (Ops) MS Sexsmith na Royal Canadian Mounted Police ya rubuta wa abokin aiki game da samar da bayanai na Blackhorse daga cikin American Indian Movement. "

Wata majiya, NPPA (No Parole Peltier Association), ta soki kokarin Kuzma na samun Peltier a sake ta hanyar bayar da shawarar cewa Blackhorse shine dalilin da ya sa aka soki Peltier. NPPA ta nuna gaskiyar da yawa game da shari'ar Peltier kamar yadda gaskiyar cewa Peltier ya san mutumin da ya mika kungiyar su ga Royal Canadian Mounted Police (tsohon mutumin Yellow bird, wanda aka biya shi don hadin gwiwarsa da RCMP), "Peltier da kansa ya ce "mutumin da ke da alhakin kama mu shine tsohon mutumin Yellow bird wanda muka koya daga baya R.C.M.P ya biya shi don aikinsa, kuma gaskiyar cewa jawabin Kuzma akan Blackhorse ba ya ba da wata hujja ko alaƙa da Ager na Musamman na Peler ba.