Freddie Mercury
Freddie Mercury (an haife shi Farrokh Bulsara; 5 Satumba 1946 - 24 Nuwamba 1991) mawaƙi ne ɗan Biritaniya kuma marubucin waƙa wanda ya sami shahara a duniya a matsayin jagorar mawaƙa kuma mai wasan pian na ƙungiyar rock Sarauniya. An ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mawaƙa a tarihin kiɗan dutse, an san shi da ƙwaƙƙwaran matakin mutum nasa da kewayon murya huɗu na octave. Mercury ya yi watsi da tarurrukan wani dutsen gaba da salon wasan kwaikwayonsa, yana rinjayar jagorancin fasaha na Sarauniya.
An haife shi a shekara ta 1946 a Zanzibar ga iyayen Parsi-Indiya, Mercury ya halarci makarantun kwana na Burtaniya a Indiya tun yana ɗan shekara takwas ya koma Zanzibar bayan kammala karatun sakandare. A cikin 1964, danginsa sun gudu daga juyin juya halin Zanzibar, suka koma Middlesex, Ingila. Bayan ya yi karatu a baya kuma ya rubuta kiɗa, ya kafa Sarauniya a cikin 1970 tare da guitarist Brian May da kuma ɗan ganga Roger Taylor. Mercury ya rubuta hits da yawa don Sarauniya, ciki har da "Killer Queen", "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Wani Mai Soyayya", "Mune Zakarun Turai", "Kada Ka Daina Ni Yanzu" da "Crazy Small Thing called Love". Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayon sa na kwarjini sau da yawa sun gan shi yana hulɗa da masu sauraro, kamar yadda aka nuna a 1985 Live Aid concert. Ya kuma jagoranci sana'ar solo kuma ya kasance furodusa kuma mawaƙin baƙo ga sauran masu fasaha.
An gano Mercury da cutar kanjamau a cikin 1987. Ya ci gaba da yin rikodi tare da Sarauniya, kuma an nuna shi a cikin kundi na ƙarshe, Made in Heaven (1995). A shekarar 1991, washegarin da ya bayyana cutar a bainar jama'a, ya rasu ne sakamakon kamuwa da cutar yana da shekaru 45. A shekarar 1992, an gudanar da wani taron karrama shi a filin wasa na Wembley, domin amfanin wayar da kan jama'a game da cutar AIDS.
A matsayinsa na memba na Sarauniya, an shigar da Mercury bayan mutuwa a cikin Rock and Roll Hall of Fame a 2001, Dandalin Mawallafin Mawaƙa a 2003, da Gidan Waƙoƙin Burtaniya a 2004. A cikin 1990, shi da sauran membobin Sarauniya sun sami lambar yabo ta Britaniya don Babban Gudunmawa ga Waƙar Burtaniya. Shekara daya bayan mutuwarsa, Mercury ya sami wannan lambar yabo daban-daban. A cikin 2005, an ba Sarauniya lambar yabo ta Ivor Novello Award don Fitattun Waƙoƙi daga Kwalejin Mawaƙa, Mawaƙa, da Marubuta na Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2002, an zabi Mercury mai lamba 58 a kuri'ar da BBC ta yi na 'yan Birtaniyya 100 mafi girma.
Rayuwa ta sirri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dangantaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A farkon shekarun 1970, Mercury yana da dangantaka mai tsawo da Mary Austin, wanda ya sadu da shi ta hanyar guitarist Brian May. Austin, an haife shi a Fulham, London, ya sadu da Mercury a cikin 1969 lokacin tana da shekaru 19 kuma yana da shekaru 23, shekara guda kafin Sarauniya ta yi [1]. Ya zauna tare da Austin na shekaru da yawa a West Kensington, London. A tsakiyar 1970s, ya fara hulɗa da David Minns, wani babban jami'in rikodin rikodin Amurka a Elektra Records. A cikin Disamba 1976, Mercury ya gaya wa Austin game da jima'i, wanda ya kawo karshen dangantakar su.[2] Mercury ya tashi daga ɗakin da suka raba, ya sayi Austin wurin kansa kusa da sabon adireshinsa na 12 Stafford Terrace, Kensington.[3]
Mercury da Austin sun kasance abokai a cikin shekaru; Mercury sau da yawa yana kiranta a matsayin abokinsa na gaskiya. A cikin hira na 1985, ya ce game da Austin: "Duk masoyana sun tambaye ni dalilin da ya sa ba za su iya maye gurbin Maryamu ba, amma ba zai yiwu ba. Aboki ɗaya da nake da shi shine Maryamu, kuma ba na son kowa. A gare ni, ita ce matata ta kowa. A gare ni, aure ne. Mun yi imani da juna, wannan ya ishe ni. Kensington da aka kafa a cikin wani lambun da aka yi masa kadada kwata wanda ke kewaye da babban bangon bulo, Austin ne ya zabo shi.[4] Austin ya auri mai zane-zane Piers Cameron; suna da yara biyu. Mercury ita ce uban babban danta, Richard.[5] A cikin wasiyyarsa, Mercury ya bar gidansa na Landan zuwa Austin, bayan ya gaya mata cewa, “Da kin zama matata, kuma da ya zama naki ne”.[6]
Daga 1979 zuwa 1985, yayin da yake zaune a Munich, Mercury ya kasance abokai tare da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Austriya Barbara Valentin, wacce aka nuna a cikin bidiyon don "Rayuwa Mai Wuya ce", kuma da farko ya zauna tare da ita da 'yarta kafin ya koma gidan nasa.[7][8] A cikin Munich, Mercury ya sami damar tserewa taswirar kafofin watsa labaru, ya rayu cikin jima'i, ya ɓata a cikin wurin gay, kuma yana da kyakkyawar alaƙar soyayya tare da mai ba da abinci na Jamus Winfried "Winnie" Kirchberger.[9][10][11] Har ila yau Mercury ya zauna na ɗan lokaci a gidan Kirchberger[12] kuma ya gode masa "don jirgi da masauki" a cikin bayanin kula na kundi na 1985 Mr. Bad Guy.[13] Yana sanye da bandejin aure na azurfa da Kirchberger ya ba shi.[14] Aboki na kud da kud ya kwatanta shi a matsayin "babban soyayya" na Mercury a Jamus.[15]
A shekara ta 1985, ya fara wata dangantaka ta dogon lokaci, tare da mai gyaran gashi ɗan ƙasar Irish Jim Hutton (1949–2010) wanda ya kira shi da mijinta.[16] Mercury ya bayyana dangantakarsu a matsayin wacce aka gina ta bisa ta'aziyya da fahimta, kuma ya ce "da gaskiya ba zai iya neman mafi alheri ba"[17]. Hutton, wanda ya yi gwajin cutar kanjamau a shekarar 1990, ya zauna tare da Mercury tsawon shekaru bakwai na rayuwarsa, ya yi jinyarsa a lokacin rashin lafiya, kuma ya kasance a gefen gadonsa lokacin da ya mutu. Mercury ya saka makamin aure na zinare, wanda Hutton ya ba shi a shekarar 1986, har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa. An kona shi da ita.[18] Daga baya Hutton ya ƙaura daga Landan zuwa bungalow da shi da Mercury suka gina wa kansu a ƙasar Ireland.[18]
Yanayin jima'i
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yayin da wasu masu sharhi suka ce Mercury ya ɓoye tunaninsa na jima'i ga jama'a,[19][20][21] wasu sun ce shi ɗan luwaɗi ne a fili.[22][23] A cikin Disamba 1974, lokacin da aka tambaye shi kai tsaye, "To yaya game da lankwasa?" ta New Musical Express, Mercury ya amsa, "Kai saniya ce mai dabara. Bari mu sanya ta wannan hanya: akwai lokutan da nake matashi da kore. Abu ne da 'yan makaranta suka shiga.[24] Na yi rabo na na makaranta. Ba zan kara yin bayani ba. shekaru baya. A lokacin abubuwan da suka faru na jama'a a cikin 1980s, Mercury yakan kiyaye nesa da abokin aikinsa, Jim Hutton.[25]
Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo masu ban sha'awa na Mercury wani lokaci yakan haifar da 'yan jarida su yi ishara da jima'i. Dave Dickson, yana nazarin wasan kwaikwayon Sarauniya a Wembley Arena a cikin 1984 don Kerrang!, ya lura da adireshin "sansanin" na Mercury ga masu sauraro har ma ya kwatanta shi a matsayin "fito, pouting, posturing tart".[26] A cikin 1992, John Marshall na Gay Times ya ce: "[Mercury] ya kasance 'Sarauniya-Sarauniya,' ba ya jin tsoron bayyana gaywarsa a fili, amma ba ya son yin nazari ko tabbatar da 'salon rayuwarsa' ... Kamar dai Freddie Mercury yana ce wa duniya, 'Ni ne abin da nake. To menene?' Kuma wannan a cikin kansa ga wasu magana ce."[27] A cikin wata kasida ta AfterElton, Robert Urban ya ce: "Mercury bai hada kansa da 'ficewar siyasa ba,' ko kuma dalilin LGBTQ".[28]
Wasu sun gaskata cewa Mercury ya kasance bisexual; misali, game da halittar Celebrate Bisexuality Day, Wendy Curry ya ce: "Muna zaune a kusa da daya daga cikin shekara-shekara bi gundumomi, venting da wani - Ina tsammanin Gigi ne - ya ce ya kamata mu yi wata ƙungiya.[29] Dukanmu muna son babban bisexual, Freddie Mercury.[30] Ranar haihuwarsa ta kasance a watan Satumba, don haka me ya sa ba Sept? Muna son ranar karshen mako don tabbatar da ranar haihuwar mafi yawan mutane za su yi wani abu a ranar Satumba, ranar 3 ga Satumba, Gigi 3 ranar haihuwa. poof! Muna da rana.[31] mutuwar Mercury ya kasance "wanda ya yi ikirari na bisexual".[32][33]
Biopic na 2018 na Mercury, Bohemian Rhapsody, ya sami zargi game da hoton sa na jima'i na Mercury, wanda aka kwatanta da "haifuwa" da "rikitarwa", kuma har ma an zarge shi da kasancewa "mai haɗari".[34][35][36]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Freddie Mercury and Mary Austin: Their love story in pictures". Vogue. Archived from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021
- ↑ Jones 2011, p. 3, Ch. 7, Mary
- ↑ Jones, Lesley-Ann (2012). Mercury: An Intimate Biography of Freddie Mercury. Simon and Schuster. p. 162.
- ↑ Jones, Lesley-Ann (2012). Mercury: An Intimate Biography of Freddie Mercury. Simon & Schuster. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-4516-6397-6.
- ↑ Longfellow, Matthew (21 March 2006), Classic Albums: Queen: The Making of "A Night at the Opera, Aldershot: Eagle Rock Entertainment
- ↑ Austin, Mary; Freddie Mercury (12 November 2011). "The Mysterious Mr Mercury". BBC Radio 4 (Interview). Interviewed by Midge Ure. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
- ↑ Bardola, Nicola (2021). Mercury in München: Seine besten Jahre [Mercury in Munich: His best years]. Heyne Verlag. ISBN 978-3641276539.
- ↑ Sechs Jahre hat Freddie Mercury in München gelebt - eine Spurensuche [Freddie Mercury lived in Munich for six years - a search for clues] (in German). Bayerischer Rundfunk. 4 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ↑ Bardola, Nicola (2021). Mercury in München: Seine besten Jahre [Mercury in Munich: His best years]. Heyne Verlag. ISBN 978-3641276539.
- ↑ Amsler, Jose-Luis (6 August 2021). "Mercury in München: Neues Buch beleuchtet Freddie Mercurys Münchner Jahre" [Mercury in Munich: New book sheds light on Freddie Mercury's Munich years]. Rolling Stone (in German). Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2023
- ↑ Raab, Klaus (17 May 2010). "The Love of Sebastianseck". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2017
- ↑ Freestone, Peter (7 January 2010). Freddie Mercury: An Intimate Memoir by the Man who Knew Him Best. Omnibus Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0857121271
- ↑ Mr Bad Guy". QueenVault. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
- ↑ Hutton, Jim (7 July 1995). Mercury and Me. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. ISBN 0747521344.
- ↑ Bauszus, Jan (24 November 2011). "Zum 20. Todestag von Freddie Mercury: Freddie war keine Hete, er war schwul". FOCUS Online. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020
- ↑ Sweeney, Ken (4 January 2010). "Partner of Queen star Freddie buried". Irish Independent. Dublin. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 27 August 2010
- ↑ Brooks, Greg; Lupton, Simon (5 September 2019). Freddie Mercury: A Life, In His Own Words. Mercury Songs Ltd. p. 88. ASIN B07X35NLG7.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Hutton, Jim (7 July 1995). Mercury and Me. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. ISBN 0747521344.
- ↑ Januszczak, Waldemar (17 November 1996), "Star of India", The Sunday Times, London, archived from the original on 16 March 2015, retrieved 1 September 2008
- ↑ Cain, Matthew (2006), Freddie Mercury: A Kind of Magic, London: British Film Institute, 9:00/Roger Taylor, archived from the original on 21 September 2021
- ↑ Landesman, Cosmo (10 September 2006), "Freddie, a Very Private Rock Star", The Times, London, archived from the original on 20 July 2023, retrieved 2 May 2010
- ↑ Fitzpatrick, Liam (13 November 2006), "Farrokh Bulsara", Time Asia, 60 Years of Asian Heroes, vol. 168, no. 21, Hong Kong, archived from the original on 28 December 2008
- ↑ Zanzibar angry over Mercury bash", BBC News, London, 1 September 2006, archived from the original on 25 September 2015, retrieved 4 January 2010
- ↑ Hutton, Jim (22 October 1994), "Freddie and Jim, A Love Story", Weekend Magazine, The Guardian, archived from the original on 12 October 2007 Hutton, Jim; Waspshott, Tim (1994), Mercury and Me, London: Bloomsbury, ISBN 978-0-7475-1922-5
- ↑ Sommerlad, Joe (22 January 2019). "Bohemian Rhapsody: Why the Oscar-nominated Queen biopic has suffered a backlash". The Independent. London, England: Independent Print Ltd. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
- ↑ Kerrang! – UK – Queen, Wembley Arena London". Queen Cuttings. Archived from the original on 7 October 2007. Retrieved 29 August 2013
- ↑ Leung, Helen Hok-Sze (2009). Undercurrents: Queer Culture and Postcolonial Hong Kong. HBC Press. p. 88. ISBN 9780774858298.
- ↑ Leung, Helen Hok-Sze (2009). Undercurrents: Queer Culture and Postcolonial Hong Kong. HBC Press. p. 88. ISBN 9780774858298.
- ↑ Oboza, Michael C. (2013). "Our Fence" (PDF). binetusa.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2015
- ↑ "A Brief History of the Bisexual Movement". BiNet USA. 30 June 1990. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2018
- ↑ Gilchrist, Tracy E. (15 May 2018). "Blink and You'll Miss Freddie Mercury's Queerness in Bohemian Rhapsody Teaser Trailer". The Advocate. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
- ↑ 1991: Giant of rock dies". BBC. 24 November 1991. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2018
- ↑ Queen Interviews – Freddie Mercury – 11-25-1991 – The Star – AIDS Kills The King of Rock – Queen Archives: Freddie Mercury, Brian May, Roger Taylor, John Deacon, Interviews, Articles, Reviews". queenarchives.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018
- ↑ Henderson, Taylor (24 October 2018). "How Bohemian Rhapsody Sterilized Freddie Mercury's Bisexuality". Pride. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ↑ Dry, Jude (2 November 2018). "'Bohemian Rhapsody' Doesn't Straightwash, but It's Confused About Freddie Mercury's Sexuality". Indiewire. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ↑ Kumar, Naveen (3 November 2018). "Bohemian Rhapsody's Queer Representation Is Downright Dangerous". them. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2019.