Frederick Banting
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Sir Frederick Grant Banting (/ˈbæntiŋ/; Nuwamba 14, 1891 - Fabrairu 21, 1941) masanin ilimin likitancin Kanada ne, likitan ƙwaƙwalwa, kuma likitan tiyata. [1] Don gano insulin da kuma iyawar warkarwa, an ba Banting kyautar Nobel a fannin ilimin lissafi ko magani tare da John Macleod . [2]
Banting da ɗalibinsa, Charles Best, sun ware insulin a Jami'ar Toronto a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na masanin ilimin lissafi na Scotland John Macleod . [3] Lokacin da shi da Macleod suka sami lambar yabo ta Nobel ta 1923 a fannin ilimin lissafi ko magani, Banting ya raba girmamawa da kyautar kuɗi tare da Best. A wannan shekarar, Gwamnatin Kanada ta ba Banting shekara-shekara don ci gaba da aikinsa.[4] Shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Nobel a fannin ilimin lissafi / magani, yana da shekaru 32.[5]
Rayuwa ta farko
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An haifi Banting a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 1891, a gidan gona na iyalinsa 2 mi (3.2 km) daga Alliston, Ontario . [6]Shi ne ƙarami a cikin 'ya'ya biyar na William Thompson Banting, manomi a New Tecumseth, da Margaret Grant, 'yar manajan ma'adinai. Bantings iyali ne mai dorewar kudi na asalin Burtaniya da Arewacin Irish.[6]Dangi mai nisa na Banting, mai aiki a London William Banting, ya shahara da cin abinci mai nauyi a 1864, kuma kalmar "Banting" ta shiga Oxford English Dictionary a matsayin bayanin sa.[6]Iyalan mahaifiyarsa, Grants, sun fito ne daga zuriyar Scotland.[6]
Tare da iyalinsa suna cikin al'ummar karkara mai aminci, Banting ya girma cikin yanayi mai wadata.[6]Sau da yawa ana kiransa "Fred" ko "Freddie".[6] Rayuwar gona ta bayyana mafi yawan lokacin yarinta. Ya ji an cire shi daga 'yan uwansa, duk shekaru da yawa da ya fi girma, kuma ya tuna cewa "yan uwanna maza ba za a iya damuwa da ni ba a mafi yawancin". Lokacin da ya fara makaranta yana da shekaru bakwai, Banting yaro ne mai jin kunya, wanda ya gaji da halarta kuma ana zalunta shi akai-akai. [6][6]Matsalolin farko tare da rubutun kalmomi sun tabbatar da alamomi marasa kyau a cikin jarrabawa: "Ba zan iya rubutun kalmomi ba. Kowane kalma ya yi kama da hanyoyi uku na rubutun kalmomi. Ya kasance zato kuma koyaushe ina tsammani ba daidai ba ne". Daga baya ya danganta waɗannan abubuwan a matsayin samfurin ƙarancin ƙarancin. [6][6]
A lokacin yarinta, Banting ya ba da kansa ga aikin gona, ya yi kusa da mahaifiyarsa, kuma ya ji tausayi ga dabbobi ba tare da wani kamfani ba.[6]Marion Walwyn, dan uwan da ya fara saduwa da Banting a 1901, ya tuna cewa "mun zauna tare a cikin juyawa a cikin yadi. A cikin sa'a daya bai faɗi kalma ɗaya ba".Ya ci gaba da gwagwarmaya a makaranta kuma ya yi tsayayya da horo a can.[6] Bayan wani abin da ya faru, ya yanke shawarar kada ya ci gaba da karatunsa amma mahaifinsa ya tabbatar da shi.[6]Kakan Banting, John Banting, ya bukaci 'ya'yansa su sami ilimi; falsafar ta rinjayi William, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga' ya'yansa maza lokacin da suka cika shekara ashirin da daya. Ya bambanta da 'yan uwansa, waɗanda suka kashe gado ga gonakin su, Frederick zai yi amfani da shi don yin rajista.[6]
A ƙarshen shekarunsa na matashi, Banting ya girma ya zama mutum mai tsayi tare da alkawura a cikin Kwallon ƙafa da ƙwallon baseball na makaranta. Mahaifiyarsa da mahaifinsa suna fatan cewa zai sami sana'a a hidimar Methodist.[6]Ya wuce ilimin lissafi da ilmin sunadarai a lokacin jarrabawar karatun ƙarami a cikin 1909, amma ya sake maimaita Turanci kuma an buƙaci ya gudanar da Faransanci da Latin. A shekara mai zuwa, ya wuce Latin amma ya kasa Faransanci kuma, a karo na biyu, rubutun Ingilishi. Daga baya shugaban ya tuna da kokarin da ya yi akai-akai: "Ba za mu zaɓe shi ba don wanda ya kamata ya zama sananne. Ya kasance fari ne, yaro ne mai kyau".[6]
Shekaru na kwaleji da Aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Banting daga karshe ya wuce jarrabawa a watan Yulin 1910. Ya bayyana a kan aikace-aikacensa zuwa jami'a cewa yana so ya zama malami, kodayake yana da burin zama likita.[6]Ya zagaya Yammacin Kanada don bazara, yana tafiya zuwa Winnipeg da Calgary, kafin ya shiga Jami'ar Toronto, inda ya shiga karatun Janar Arts a Kwalejin Victoria.[6]Duk da aiki tuƙuru, Banting ya kasa shekara ta farko, amma ya yanke shawarar zama likita kuma ya dawo don maimaita shekarar. Ya nemi shiga shirin kiwon lafiya a watan Fabrairun 1912 kuma an yarda da shi.[6]A watan Satumba, ya bar Kwalejin Victoria don fara makarantar likita a Jami'ar Toronto.[6]
Banting ya kafa kansa a makarantar likita ta hanyar aiki tuƙuru. Abokin zama, Sam Graham, ya tuna da shi don karatu da daddare. Baya ga kasancewa dan wasan rugby mai cin nasara, duk da haka, in ba haka ba ba ba ne. Matsayinsa - yanzu ba tare da nauyin darussan harshe ba - ya ga ingantaccen ci gaba, matsakaicin kusan B, matsakaitan maki sama da matsakaicin. An yi amfani da lokacin rani don komawa aiki a gona.[6]A Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Toronto, Banting ta ƙware a aikin tiyata.[7]
A farkon yakin duniya na, Banting, tare da yawancin mutanen Kanada, sun nemi shiga soja. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya shiga rundunar Sojojin Kanada a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 1914, ranar da aka ayyana yakin Kanada, sannan kuma a watan Oktoba, amma an ƙi shi sau biyu saboda rashin hangen nesa. A shekara ta uku ta makarantar likita, Banting ya samu nasarar shiga Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps a 1915 kuma an ba shi izini mai zaman kansa, sannan ya ci gaba zuwa sajan. Ya horar da shi a sansanin da ke Niagara Falls don bazara kafin shekara ta huɗu ta makaranta. Jami'ar ta hanzarta aji ta hanyar taƙaita shekara ta biyar ta makarantar likita a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1916.[1]Shirin ya jaddada tsarin tiyata da rauni; lacca da aka keɓe don maganin ciwon sukari ya samo kansa daga Frederick Madison Allen na Cibiyar Rockefeller, wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa a sanya masu ciwon sukiri a kan abinci na yunwa don mafi ƙarancin metabolism.[1]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Frederick Grant Banting". Library and Archives Canada. February 24, 2015. Archived from the original on April 20, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
- ↑ "Frederick Grant Banting (1891–1941) Codiscoverer of Insulin". Journal of the American Medical Association. 198 (6): 660–61. 1966. doi:10.1001/jama.1966.03110190142041.
- ↑ "Frederick Grant Banting". Oxford Reference (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-02-24.
- ↑ Toronto Daily Star (June 28, 1923). "Canada rewards Banting's service. Young physician will receive $7,500 yearly from federal treasury". University of Toronto Libraries.
- ↑ "Nobel Laureates by Age". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Bliss 1992.
- ↑ "Biography of Sir Frederick Grant Banting (1891-1941)". The Discovery and Early Development of Insulin – University of Toronto Libraries. University of Toronto. Retrieved 2024-02-24.