French Togoland
 French Togoland | |||||
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| Togo français (fr) | |||||
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| Wuri | |||||
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Territory claimed by (en)  | Faransa | ||||
| Babban birni | Lomé | ||||
| Yawan mutane | |||||
| Harshen gwamnati |
Ewe (en) | ||||
| Addini | Katolika | ||||
| Bayanan tarihi | |||||
| Ƙirƙira | 27 Disamba 1916 | ||||
| Rushewa | 27 ga Afirilu, 1960 | ||||
| Ta biyo baya | Togo | ||||
.svg)
Faransa Togoland (French: Togo français) Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasa ta Faransa ce ta mulkin mallaka daga shekarun 1916 zuwa 1946, da kuma yankin amincewa da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UN trust territory) daga shekarun 1946 zuwa 1960 a Faransa ta yammacin Afirka. A shekarar 1960 ta zama Jamhuriyar Togo mai cin gashin kanta.
An miƙa ikon ƙasar daga Jamus zuwa Faransa, kuma ta zama ƙasa ƙarƙashin izini
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sojojin Faransa sun sauka a Little Popo a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 1914, sun fuskanci turjiya kaɗan. Faransawa sun ci gaba da zuwa cikin gida, inda suka kwace garin Togo a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta.[1] A ranar 26 ga watan Agustan 1914, sojojin Faransa da na Biritaniya suka mamaye mamaya na Jamus na Togoland kuma ya faɗi bayan ɗan gajeren tsayin daka na kwanaki biyar. Turawan mulkin mallaka sun miƙa wuya "ba tare da wani sharaɗi ba" tare da sojojin Birtaniya da na Faransa sun sauka a Kamina a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta 1914. Jamusawa sun yi tayin miƙa wuya ga Birtaniya a kan sharuɗɗa, wanda Birtaniya ta amsa cewa miƙa wuya dole ne ya kasance ba tare da wani sharaɗi ba, yana yin alkawarin mutunta kadarorin masu zaman kansu, ba tare da tsoma baki cikin kasuwanci ko masu zaman kansu da kamfanoni.[2] Rahotanni na lokaci-lokaci sun nuna cewa Jamusawa sun yi amfani da harsasai masu yawa a lokacin yakin kuma suna da 'yan asalin ƙasar da ba su da iko da su, duka biyun da suka keta yarjejeniyar Hague. [1] An raba Togoland zuwa yankunan gudanarwa na Faransa da Biritaniya a cikin shekarar 1916, kuma bayan yakin, Togoland a hukumance ta zama wa'adin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da aka raba don dalilai na gudanarwa tsakanin Faransa da Burtaniya.
An bayar da rahoton cewa, masu kishin ƙasar Jamus a jamhuriyar Weimar sun nuna rashin amincewarsu da kwace mulkin mallaka da Faransawa suka yi ta hanyar yin katsalandan a shekara ta 1920, inda suka bayyana ra'ayinsu cewa ya saba wa doka ta 22 na yarjejeniyar Versailles. Har ila yau, sun yi ikirari ta hanyar wata sanarwa da aka fitar cewa "Gwamnatin Jamus a zahiri ba ta barin komai don hana fassarar yarjejeniyar da za ta tabbatar da aniyar Faransa da ake zargi."[3] An samo darajar mulkin mallaka zuwa Faransa a cikin hanyoyin jiragen ƙasa na yanzu, yana ba da izinin sabon hanyar jirgin ƙasa a Dahomey a Atakpamé da tashar jiragen ruwa na Lome, Segura da Little Popo.[4]
Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, wa'adin ya zama yankin amintaccen Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UN trust territory), wanda har yanzu kwamishinonin Faransa ke gudanarwa.
Ta hanyar ka'ida a cikin shekarar 1955, Faransa Togoland ta zama jamhuriya mai cin gashin kanta a cikin Tarayyar Faransa, kodayake ta riƙe matsayinta na amintacciyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Majalisar dokoki da aka zaɓa ta hanyar zaɓen manya na duniya tana da iko sosai akan harkokin cikin gida, tare da zaɓaɓɓen hukumar zartaswa ƙarƙashin jagorancin firayim minista da ke da alhakin majalisa. Waɗannan sauye-sauyen sun kunshi cikin kundin tsarin mulki da aka amince da shi a zaɓen raba gardama na shekarar 1956. A cikin zaɓen raba gardama na shekarar 1956, Faransa Togoland ta yanke shawarar kawo karshen riƙon amana.[5] A ranar 10 ga watan Satumba 1956, Nicolas Grunitzky ya zama firayim minista na Jamhuriyar Togo mai cin gashin kanta. Lamarin ya ƙara ta'azzara ne a ranar 21 ga watan Yunin 1957, lokacin da al'ummar yankin Pya-Hodo, Kozah, suka yi amfani da damar ziyarar da tawagar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta kai, domin nuna rashin jin daɗinsu da gwamnatin Faransa ta mulkin mallaka. Yayin da suke fuskantar fushin masu zanga-zangar, inda suke nuna adawa da kamun da aka yi wa wani dan kishin ƙasar Togo, Bouyo Moukpé, sojojin mulkin mallaka sun yi luguden wuta kan jama'ar da suka je kasuwar Hoda, inda suka kashe 20 tare da jikkata da dama.[6] Saboda rashin bin ka'ida a cikin majalisa, an gudanar da babban zaɓen da ba a kula da shi ba a shekarar 1958 kuma Sylvanus Olympio ya lashe.[7] A ranar 27 ga watan Afrilun 1960, a cikin kwanciyar hankali, Togo ta yanke alakar tsarin mulki da Faransa, ta zubar da matsayinta na riƙon amana na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, kuma ta samu cikakkiyar 'yanci a ƙarƙashin tsarin mulkin wucin gadi tare da Olympio a matsayin shugaban ƙasa.[7]
Gwamnoni
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jerin shugabannin mulkin mallaka na Faransa Togoland
- Tarihin Togo
- French West Africa
- French colonisation in Africa
- Daular mulkin mallaka na Faransa
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Colored People's Part in the World War: The Fight in Africa: Many Square Miles Wrenched From Germany: Black Troops Display Great Valor". The Richmond Planet. Richmond, VA. 2 March 1918. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
- ↑ "German Togoland Surrenders Without Conditions to Allies". New York Tribune. New York, NY. 27 August 1914. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ↑ "Germany Will Oppose French Annexation Plan". New York Tribune. New York, NY. 3 October 1920. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
- ↑ "African Tribes Pleased at Overthrow German Masters". The Chattanooga News. Chattanooga, TN. 27 February 1920. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
- ↑ Paxton, John (1985). "Togo". In Paxton, John (ed.). The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1985–1986 (in Turanci). Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 1177–1180. doi:10.1057/9780230271142. ISBN 978-0-230-27114-2.
- ↑ 21 juin : les Togolais célèbrent les martyrs de la lutte pour l’indépendance, retrieved on 04-12-2023
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Jacques Meyer May (1968). The Ecology of Malnutrition in the French Speaking Countries of West Africa and Madagascar: Senegal, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Togo, Dahomey, Cameroon, Niger, Mali, Upper Volta, and Madagascar. Hafner Publishing Company. p. 133.