Friedrich Olbricht
Friedrich Olbricht (4 ga Oktoba 1888 - 21 ga Yuli 1944) ya kasance janar na Jamus a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . An san shi da kasancewa daya daga cikin masu makirci da ke cikin shirin 20 ga Yuli, wani yunkuri na kashe Adolf Hitler a 1944.
Olbricht babban jami'in ma'aikata ne, tare da matsayi na janar na sojan ƙasa. Ya kasance a asirce tare da yawancin shugabannin adawa. Sun sanar da shi game da makircin su daban-daban kuma ya sanya jami'an tausayi a manyan mukamai. Olbricht a hankali ya ƙarfafa kwamandojin filin su goyi bayan juriya. A ƙarshen 1943, ofishinsa ya kasance cibiyar makircin Resistance, a ƙarƙashin Claus von Stauffenberg . [1] Da a ce makircin 20 ga Yuli na kashe Adolf Hitler ya yi nasara, Olbricht zai ɗauki matsayin ministan yaki a cikin mulkin Nazi.
Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Olbricht a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 1888 a Leisnig, Saxony, ga Richard Olbricht, farfesa a lissafi kuma darektan Realschule (makarantar sakandare) a Bautzen .
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Olbricht ya samu nasarar wuce Abitur (jarabawar fitowar makarantar shirye-shiryen jami'a) a cikin 1907, daga baya ya karɓi kwamiti a matsayin Fähnrich (alamu) tare da Regiment 106 a Leipzig. Ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Duniya na I, an ɗaukaka shi zuwa kyaftin kuma ya zaɓi ya zauna a cikin Yarjejeniyar Versailles-decimated soja (Reichswehr) bayan yaƙin.
An sanya Olbricht a Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Reich a matsayin shugaban Ofishin Sojojin Kasashen Waje na Reichswehr a 1926. Bayan harin Night of the Long Knives, ya sami damar ceton da yawa daga cikin wadanda aka kama daga kisa ta hanyar ganowa ko ƙirƙirar matsayi a gare su a cikin Abwehr.
An nada Olbricht a matsayin shugaban ma'aikatan rundunar soji ta 4 da aka kafa a Dresden a shekarar 1935, aikin da ya kasance har zuwa 1938 lokacin da aka kara shi zuwa kwamandan rundunar sojan kasa ta 24.
Olbricht yana da bambancin kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin 'yan jami'an da suka goyi bayan Janar Werner von Fritsch, babban kwamandan sojojin Jamus wanda aka zarge shi da luwadi a watan Janairun 1938. Bayan murabus din von Fritsch, an gano cewa an ƙirƙiri tuhumar, bisa ga shaidar da aka ƙirƙira na mutumin da wasu suka ce Himmler ne ya ɗauke shi. An kirkiro labarin ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Hitler na samun iko da sojojin - wanda ya yi.[1]
A lokacin mamayewar Jamus a Poland a 1939, Olbricht ya umarci rundunar sojan kasa ta 24 kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross . A ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairun 1940, an kara Olbricht zuwa Janar na Sojoji. An nada shi Shugaban Babban Ofishin Sojoji (Allgemeines Heeresamt) a cikin Babban Kwamandan Sojoji. An kuma sanya shi Babban Ofishin Tsaro na Sojoji (Wehrersatzamt) a Oberkommando der Wehrmacht .
Aikin Valkyrie
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Farawa a cikin hunturu na 1941-42, Olbricht ya haɓaka shirin don Operation Valkyrie, shirin Janar Janar wanda za'a yi amfani da shi don kawo ƙarshen tashin hankali na ciki, amma a zahiri tsari ne na juyin mulki. Tare da ƙungiyoyin juriya a kusa da Colonel-General Ludwig Beck, Carl Friedrich Goerdeler da Major-General Henning von Tresckow, ya yi aiki don neman hanyar kashe Adolf Hitler da kuma saukar da mulkin Nazi. A shekara ta 1943, ya nemi Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg ya zo aiki a ofishinsa. Stauffenberg daga baya zai zama babban mutum a cikin yunkurin kisan kai, tare da aikin dasa bam din kusa da Hitler.[2]
A ranar da aka yi yunkurin juyin mulki, 20 ga Yuli 1944, Olbricht da Colonel Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim sun fara Operation Valkyrie ta hanyar tattara Sojojin maye gurbin. Daga ƙarshe ya bayyana cewa bam din ya kasa kashe Hitler duk da haka, don haka shirin kwace manyan shafuka a Berlin ta amfani da raka'a daga sojojin ajiya, ya fara raguwa. Mutane da yawa suna la'akari da daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka hana juyin mulkin, shine gazawar sojoji don samun iko da sadarwa a ciki da waje na Berlin. Hitler da kwamandojinsa a cikin Wolfsschanze sun sami damar watsa shirye-shiryen jawabi bayan juyin mulkin, wanda ya haifar da saurin mutuwar juyin mulkin gaba ɗaya. A sakamakon haka, jagorancin Nazi ya sami damar sake samun iko, ta amfani da dakarun sa masu aminci, a cikin 'yan sa'o'i.[3]
Kamawa da kisa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kyaututtuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1939 a matsayin Janar da kwamandan 24. Rukunin sojan ƙasa
- Grand Cross na Order of the White Rose na Finland a ranar 22 ga Disamba 1941 a matsayin Janar der Infanterie
A cikin al'adun gargajiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ya bayyana a duk wasan kwaikwayo na shirin Yuli 1944, wanda Rolf Hoppe ya buga a cikin fim na uku na Liberation Film Direction of the Main Blow (1970), Wolfgang Büttner a cikin The Plot to Assassinate Hitler (1955), Erik Frey a cikin Jackboot Mutiny (1955) Michael Byrne a cikin The Plan to Kill Hitler (1990), Rainer Bock a Stauffenberg (2004) da Bill Nighy a Valkyrie (2008).
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jerin mambobin shirin 20 ga Yuli
Bayanan da aka ambata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBV - ↑ Dieter K. Buse and Juergen C. Doerr, eds. Modern Germany: An Encyclopedia of History, People, and Culture, 1871-1990 (2 vol. Garland, 1998) 2:724–25.
- ↑ Dieter K. Buse and Juergen C. Doerr, eds. Modern Germany: An Encyclopedia of History, People, and Culture, 1871-1990 (2 vol. Garland, 1998) 2:724–25.