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Fure-fure

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Fure-fure
General information
Gu mafi tsayi Poco Likang (en) Fassara
Height above mean sea level (en) Fassara 2,370 m
Tsawo 354 km
Fadi 63 km
Yawan fili 13,540 km²
Labarin ƙasa
Map
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa 8°42′54″S 121°29′44″E / 8.715°S 121.49556°E / -8.715; 121.49556
Bangare na Lesser Sunda Islands (en) Fassara
Kasa Indonesiya da Daular Portuguese
Territory Nusa Tenggara Timur (mul) Fassara
Flanked by Tekun Indiya
Ƙasantuwa a yanayin ƙasa Lesser Sunda Islands (en) Fassara
Hydrography (en) Fassara

 

Flores ɗaya ne daga cikin Tsibirin Sunda mafi ƙanƙanta, rukunin tsibiran da ke gabashin rabin Indonesiya . A tsarin mulki, ya zama tsibiri mafi girma a Gabashin Nusa Tenggara . Yankin yana 14,250 km2 . Ciki har da tsibiran Komodo da Rinca daga gabar tekun yamma (amma ban da tsibirin Solor Archipelago zuwa gabashin Flores), yawan jama'a ya kasance 1,878,875 a cikin ƙidayar 2020 (ciki har da tsibiran teku daban-daban); Ƙididdigar hukuma a tsakiyar 2024 ya kasance 2,014,110. Manyan garuruwa sune Ende da Maumere . Sunan Flores na asalin Portuguese ne, ma'ana "Flowers".

Flores yana gabas da Sumbawa da tsibirin Komodo, da yammacin tsibirin Solor da Alor Archipelago . Zuwa kudu maso gabas Timor ne. A kudu, ƙetare mashigin Sumba, tsibirin Sumba ne, kuma a arewa, bayan Tekun Flores, Sulawesi ne.

Daga cikin dukkan tsibiran da ke dauke da yankin Indonesiya, Flores shine na 10 mafi yawan jama'a bayan Java, Sumatra, Borneo ( Kalimantan ), Sulawesi, New Guinea, Bali, Madura, Lombok, da Timor, da kuma tsibirin Indonesia na 10 mafi girma .

Har zuwa zuwan mutane na zamani, Flores yana zaune ta Homo floresiensis, ɗan ƙaramin ɗan adam .

Etymology

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ba kamar yawancin tsibiran da ke cikin tsibiran Indonesiya ba, sunan zamani na Flores ya fito ne daga Fotigal. A cewar Sareng Orin Bao (1969), al'adar baka ta yankin Sikka ta ba wa tsibirin asalin sunan Nusa Nipa, [lower-alpha 1] ma'ana 'Tsibirin Dragon' [2] ko tsibirin Snake. ( Nipa nai yana nufin "macizai masu hawa"; kaju nipa nai sunan itacen da ba'a gane shi ba [3] bawon kama da fatar maciji, amma kuma yana iya nufin "driftwood", ko kowane irin itacen da aka wanke a cikin ruwa. ya gabatar da hujjoji iri-iri da ke ba da wannan fassarar, har yanzu ba a da tabbas ko wannan a haƙiƙanin amfani ne na gargajiya, ko kuma a kowane hali wanda aka sani a ko'ina cikin Flores". Hakanan an ambaci sunayen Tandjoeng Bunga ko Tanjung Bunga [4] da Pulau Bunga [5] .

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kafin zuwan mutanen zamani, Homo floresiensis, ɗan ƙaramin ɗan adam ne ya mamaye Flores. [6] Kakannin Homo floresiensis sun isa tsibirin tsakanin 1.3 da 1 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce. [7]

Kamar yadda na 2015, an sami wani ɓangare na mutane goma sha biyar, [8] [9] [10] kuma mafi rinjayen ra'ayi shine cewa waɗannan ragowar suna wakiltar wani nau'i ne na musamman saboda bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta daga mutanen zamani. [11] Shaidu na baya-bayan nan sun nuna cewa Homo floresiensis mai yiwuwa ya ɓace shekaru 50,000 da suka gabata, a daidai lokacin da ɗan adam ya isa tsibirin tsibirin. [12]

  • H. floresiensis skull, Cantonal Museum of Geology, Switzerland
    H. floresiensis skull, Cantonal Museum of Geology, Switzerland
  • Liang Bua Cave, where the specimens were discovered
    Kogon Liang Bua, inda aka gano samfuran

Tarihin zamani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Jarumi na asali daga Ende, Flores, kafin 1938.

Mai yiwuwa Melanesia ne suka fara zama Flores aƙalla tun daga 30,000 BC.

’Yan kasuwan Portuguese da masu mishan sun zo Flores a ƙarni na 16, galibi zuwa Larantuka da Sikka . Har yanzu ana iya gane tasirinsu a yare, al'ada, da addinin Sikka. Ziyarar Portuguese ta farko ta faru a cikin 1511, ta hanyar balaguron António de Abreu da mataimakinsa Francisco Serrão, suna kan hanyar tsibiran Sunda.

Tattalin Arziki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Baya ga yawon bude ido, manyan ayyukan tattalin arziki a kan Flores sune noma, kamun kifi, da noman ciyawa. Abubuwan amfanin gona na farko da ake nomawa a kan Flores sune shinkafa, masara, dankalin turawa da rogo, yayin da manyan kayan amfanin gona suka hada da kofi, kwakwa, goro da kuma cashew . Flores ɗaya ne daga cikin sabbin tushen kofi na Indonesiya . A baya can, yawancin kofi na Arabica ( Coffea arabica ) daga Flores an haɗa shi da wasu asali. Yanzu, buƙatun yana haɓaka don wannan kofi saboda wadatar jikinsa da zaki, cakulan, fure, da bayanin kula na itace.

A cikin 1980s, an ƙarfafa noman auduga don samar da kuɗin shiga ga matalauta manoma. [13] Ana shuka shi a cikin ƙananan wurare na tsibirin. [14]

Jackfruit, wanda ke faruwa a ko'ina cikin tsibirin Indonesiya - da kuma sauran wurare -, ana noma shi musamman a cikin Manggarai da Sikka regencies, kuma mai yiwuwa a cikin kowane tsarin mulki. [15]

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • The Lesser Sunda Islands with Flores in the upper right
    Ƙananan Tsibirin Sunda tare da Flores a saman dama
  • Kelimutu
    Kelimatu
  • Ruins of a Portuguese fort, dating from the 16th century near Ende.
    Rushewar katangar Portuguese, tun daga ƙarni na 16 kusa da Ende .
  • An ancient Ngada megalith
    Tsohon Ngada megalith
  • Dancers in Watublapi
    Masu rawa a Watublapi
  • Villager with a headdress and chest ornamentation
    Kauye mai adon kai da adon kirji

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ "History of Maasin city". southernleyte.gov.ph. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  2. ↑ "Where Do Indonesian Islands' Names Come From ?". thespicerouteend.com. 22 November 2020. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  3. ↑ Forth 2009a.
  4. ↑ "Flores surga kita > History & Flores today". travel2flores.info. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  5. ↑ "Flores". komodotouristic.com. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  6. ↑ Baab, Karen L.; McNulty, Kieran P.; Harvati, Katerina (2013). "Homo floresiensis Contextualized: A Geometric Morphometric Comparative Analysis of Fossil and Pathological Human Samples". PLOS ONE. 8 (7): e69119. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...869119B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069119. PMC 3707875. PMID 23874886.
  7. ↑ van den Bergh, Gerrit D.; Alloway, Brent V.; Storey, Michael; Setiawan, Ruly; Yurnaldi, Dida; Kurniawan, Iwan; Moore, Mark W.; Jatmiko; Brumm, Adam; Flude, Stephanie; Sutikna, Thomas; Setiyabudi, Erick; Prasetyo, Unggul W.; Puspaningrum, Mika R.; Yoga, Ifan (October 2022). "An integrative geochronological framework for the Pleistocene So'a basin (Flores, Indonesia), and its implications for faunal turnover and hominin arrival". Quaternary Science Reviews (in Turanci). 294: 107721. Bibcode:2022QSRv..29407721V. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107721. S2CID 252290750 Check |s2cid= value (help). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  8. ↑ Kaifu, Yousuke; Kono, Reiko T.; Sutikna, Thomas; Saptomo, E. Wahyu; Jatmiko; Rokus Due Awe; Baba, Hisao (2015). "Descriptions of the dental remains of Homo floresiensis". Anthropological Science. 123 (2): 129–145. doi:10.1537/ase.150501. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
  9. ↑ Brown, P.; et al. (27 October 2004). "A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia" (PDF). Nature. 431 (7012): 1055–1061. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1055B. doi:10.1038/nature02999. PMID 15514638. S2CID 26441.
  10. ↑ Morwood, M. J.; et al. (13 October 2005). "Further evidence for small-bodied hominins from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia". Nature. 437 (7061): 1012–1017. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1012M. doi:10.1038/nature04022. PMID 16229067. S2CID 4302539.
  11. ↑ Argue, Debbie; Groves, Colin P. (21 April 2017). "The affinities of Homo floresiensis based on phylogenetic analyses of cranial, dental, and postcranial characters". Journal of Human Evolution. 107: 107–133. Bibcode:2017JHumE.107..107A. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.02.006. PMID 28438318.
  12. ↑ Sutikna, Thomas; Tocheri, Matthew W.; Morwood, Michael J.; et al. (2016). "Revised stratigraphy and chronology for Homo floresiensis at Liang Bua in Indonesia". Nature. 532 (7599): 366–369. Bibcode:2016Natur.532..366S. doi:10.1038/nature17179. PMID 27027286. S2CID 4469009.
  13. ↑ Keefer, G.D.; Ladewig, J.; Diarini, P. (1989). "Cotton yield predictions for Lombok and Flores – Indonesia" (PDF). agronomyaustraliaproceedings.org. Australian Agronomy Conference (1989). Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  14. ↑ Peter ten Hoopen. "Ikat from Ngadha, Indonesia". ikat.us. Online Museum of Indonesian ikat textiles, curator: Dr Peter Ten Hoopen. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  15. ↑ "Yellow dyes". asiantextilestudies.com. Retrieved 2024-06-08.


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