Fure na Tommy

Fure na Tommy
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Poplar (en) , 22 Disamba 1905
ƙasa	Birtaniya
Mutuwa	Mill Hill (en) , 28 Oktoba 1998
Karatu
Makaranta	University of London (en) Injinia.
Harsuna	Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	technician (en) , injiniya da computer scientist (en)
Wurin aiki	Dollis Hill (en)
Employers	Royal Arsenal (en)  (1921 -  1925) General Post Office (mul)  (1926 -
Muhimman ayyuka	Heath Robinson (en) Colossus (en) Automatic Computing Engine (en) ERNIE (en)
Kyaututtuka	gani Member of the Order of the British Empire  (1943) honorary doctorate : Newcastle University (en) Martlesham medal  (1980)

Thomas Harold Flowers (22 Disamba 1905 - 28 Oktoba 1998) ya kasance injiniyan Ingilishi ne tare da Babban Ofishin Jakadancin Burtaniya . A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Flowers ya tsara kuma ya gina Colossus, kwamfutar lantarki ta farko a duniya, don taimakawa wajen fassara saƙonnin Jamusanci.

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Flowers a 160 Abbott Road, Bromley-by-Bow, sannan Metropolitan Borough of Poplar, a ranar 22 ga Disamba 1905, ɗan mai yin tubali. Ya fito ne daga wani matalauta ma'aikaci kuma kakarsa ta kasance mai ba da taimako. Daga baya ya tuna cewa tun yana yara "an koya mana mu kasance masu cin gashin kansu a komai".

Yayinda yake aiki a fannin injiniya a Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, ya dauki darussan maraice a Jami'ar London don samun digiri a fannin aikin injiniya. A shekara ta 1926, ya shiga reshen sadarwa na Babban Ofishin Jakadancin (GPO), ya koma Ofishin Bincike na Ofishin Jakaya a Dollis Hill a Middlesex a shekara ta 1930.

A shekara ta 1935, Flowers ta auri Eileen Margaret Green. Ma'auratan daga baya sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, John da Kenneth .

Daga shekara ta 1934 zuwa gaba, ya binciki amfani da kayan lantarki a musayar tarho. A shekara ta 1939, ƙirar kayan aikinsa ta amfani da bawul 3000 zuwa 4000 yana cikin iyakantaccen aiki don (a ce) layuka 1000 a musayar tare da kowane layin da ke da bawul uku ko hudu. Wannan ya kasance don (ƙara) nesa mai tsawo ko da'irori tsakanin musayar (ofisoshin tsakiya), ta amfani da siginar cikin band tare da sauyawa a kowane ƙarshen da aka gudanar ta hanyar sauyawar lantarki ko masu aiki. Kamar yadda Flowers ya ce, a lokacin barkewar yaƙi, shi ne mai yiwuwa mutum ɗaya a Burtaniya wanda ya fahimci cewa ana iya amfani da bawul ɗin da za a iya dogara da su a kan babban sikelin don ƙididdigar sauri. Ya gamsu cewa tsarin lantarki zai yiwu. Bayani a cikin sauya kayan lantarki zai zama mahimmanci ga ƙirar kwamfutarsa.

Yaƙin Duniya na II

Saduwar farko ta Flowers tare da ɓarkewar lambar lokacin yaƙi ta zo ne a watan Fabrairun 1941 lokacin da Alan Turing, wanda ke aiki a Bletchley Park, cibiyar ɓarkewa ta gwamnati, 50 miles (80 km) mi (kilomita 80) arewa maso yammacin London a Buckinghamshire ya nemi taimako. Turing ya so Flowers ya gina ma'auni don na'urar Bomba mai tushe, wanda Turing ya haɓaka don taimakawa wajen warware lambobin Enigma na Jamus.

An watsar da aikin "Counter" amma Turing ya burge shi da aikin Flowers, kuma a watan Fabrairun 1943 ya gabatar da shi ga Max Newman wanda ke jagorantar kokarin sarrafa kansa wani ɓangare na cryptanalysis na Lorenz cipher. Wannan babban lambar Jamusanci ce da aka samar ta hanyar na'urar kirkirar teletypewriter, Lorenz SZ40/42, ɗaya daga cikin tsarin Geheimschreiber (marubucin sirri), wanda ake kira "Tunny" (kifi) ta Burtaniya. Tsarin ya fi rikitarwa fiye da Enigma; tsarin fassara ya haɗa da ƙoƙarin yiwuwar da yawa wanda ba zai yiwu a yi da hannu ba. Flowers da Frank Morrell (kuma a Dollis Hill) sun tsara Heath Robinson, a cikin ƙoƙari na sarrafa kansa cryptanalysis na Lorenz SZ-40/42 cipher machine.