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Fyade

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Fyade
sexual harassment (en) Fassara da violence (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na sexual assault (en) Fassara
Yana haddasa Raunin kwakwalwa da injury (en) Fassara
Depicted by (en) Fassara Column base with the Rape of Auge (en) Fassara
Has characteristic (en) Fassara sexual penetration (en) Fassara
Does not have characteristic (en) Fassara consent (en) Fassara
Gudanarwan rapist (en) Fassara
Rukunin da yake danganta Category:Rapists (en) Fassara
Hannun riga da consensual sex (en) Fassara

Fyaɗe wani nau'i ne na cin zarafin jima'i wanda ya shafi jima'i, ko wasu nau'o'in shiga jima'i. Ana iya aiwatar da aikin ta hanyar karfi na jiki, tilasta, cin zarafin iko, ko kuma a kan mutumin da ba zai iya ba da izini ba, kamar wanda ba shi da hankali, ba shi da iyawa, yana da nakasa ta hankali, ko kuma yana ƙasa da shekarun yarda (rashin lafiya na doka). [1][2] Kalmar fyade wani lokacin ana amfani da ita ta hanyar musayar tare da kalmar cin zarafin jima'i.[3]

Yawan bayar da rahoto, gurfanar da kuma yanke hukunci don fyade ya bambanta tsakanin hukunce-hukunce. A kasa da kasa, abin da ya faru na fyade da 'yan sanda suka rubuta a cikin shekara ta 2008 ya kasance, ga kowane mutum 100,000, daga 0.2 a Azerbaijan zuwa 92.9 a Botswana tare da 6.3 a Lithuania a matsayin matsakaici. A duk duniya, an ruwaito lokuta na tashin hankali na jima'i, gami da fyade, maza ne suka fara aikata su a kan mata.[4] Rashin fyade da baƙi ke yi yawanci ba ya zama ruwan dare fiye da fyade da mutanen da aka azabtar ya sani, kuma fyade a kurkuku na maza ya zama ruwan kasa kuma yana iya zama mafi ƙarancin nau'ikan fyade.[5]

Yaduwa da kuma tsarin fyade (misali, fyade na yaki) da bautar jima'i na iya faruwa a lokacin rikici na kasa da kasa. Wadannan ayyuka laifuka ne akan bil'adama da Laifukan yaki. An kuma gane fyade a matsayin wani bangare na laifin kisan kare dangi lokacin da aka aikata shi da niyyar hallaka, gaba ɗaya ko a wani ɓangare, kabilanci da aka yi niyya.

Mutanen da aka yi musu fyade na iya zama masu rauni kuma suna samun rikicewar damuwa.[6] Raunin da ya faru na iya haifar da haɗarin ciki da cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i. Mutum na iya fuskantar tashin hankali ko barazanar daga mai fyade, kuma, wani lokacin, daga dangin wanda aka azabtar da dangi.[7][8]

Magana

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Kalmar fyade ta samo asali ne daga Latin rapere (supine stem raptum), "don kwace, don kamawa, don ɗaukar kaya". A cikin dokar Romawa, ɗaukar mace da karfi, tare da ko ba tare da jima'i ba, ya zama "raptus".[9] A cikin dokar Ingilishi ta Tsakiya wannan kalmar na iya nufin ko dai satar mutane ko fyade a cikin ma'anar zamani na "cin zarafin jima'i". [10] Har yanzu ana samun ma'anar "karɓar tilas" a wasu kalmomi, kamar "rape da fashi", ko a cikin lakabi, kamar labarun Rape of the Sabine Women da Rape of Europa ko waka The Rape of The Lock, wanda ke game da satar gashin gashi.

Ma'anar

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Janar

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  An bayyana fyade a mafi yawan hukunce-hukunce a matsayin jima'i, ko wasu nau'o'in shiga cikin jima'i. Mai aikata laifin ya aikata wa wanda aka azabtar ba tare da yarda ba. Ma'anar fyade ba ta dace ba tsakanin kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya na gwamnati, masu tilasta bin doka, masu ba da kiwon lafiya, da kuma ayyukan lauya.[11] Ya bambanta a tarihi da al'adu.[12][11] Da farko, fyade ba shi da ma'anar jima'i kuma har yanzu ana amfani dashi a wasu mahallin a Turanci. A cikin Dokar Romawa, an rarraba shi ko raptus a matsayin nau'in aikata laifuka vis, "laifukan kai hari". Raptus ya yi nuni da satar mace ba tare da son rai na mutumin da take zaune a ƙarƙashin ikonsa ba, kuma jima'i ba abu ne mai mahimmanci ba. Sauran ma'anonin fyade sun canza a tsawon lokaci. Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa ta tsohuwar Yugoslavia ta dauki fyade a matsayin laifi wanda ke buƙatar tilasta ko tilastawa ko barazanar tilastawa a kan wanda aka azabtar ko mutum na uku.[13]

Har zuwa shekara ta 2012, Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI) ya yi la'akari da fyade a matsayin laifin da maza kawai suka aikata akan mata. A cikin shekara ta 2012, sun canza ma'anar su daga "Sali na jiki na mace da karfi kuma ba tare da son zuciyarta ba" zuwa "Tsinkaye, komai yadda yake da sauƙi, na farji ko hanci tare da kowane bangare na jiki ko abu, ko shiga baki ta hanyar jima'i na wani mutum, ba tare da yardar wanda aka azabtar ba". Ma'anar sabuntawa har yanzu ta cire mutumin da aka tilasta masa shiga cikin mace daga ma'anar fyade, wanda aka gane shi gabaɗaya a matsayin ma'anar ilimi na fyade.[14] Koyaya, ya gane kowane jinsi na wanda aka azabtar da kuma mai aikata laifin kuma cewa fyade tare da wani abu na iya zama mai rauni kamar fyade / jima'i. Ofishin ya ci gaba da bayyana lokuta lokacin da wanda aka azabtar bai iya ba da izini ba saboda rashin iyawar tunani ko ta jiki. Ya fahimci cewa wanda aka azabtar na iya zama mara ƙarfi ta hanyar kwayoyi da barasa kuma ba zai iya ba da izini ba. Ma'anar ba ta canza ka'idojin aikata laifuka na tarayya ko na jihohi ko cajin tasiri da gurfanar da shi a matakin tarayya, jiha, ko na gida; maimakon haka yana nufin cewa za a ba da rahoton fyade daidai a duk fadin kasar.[15][16]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Chapter 6: Sexual Violence" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2002. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  2. ↑ Schulhofer, Stephen J. (2017). "Reforming the Law of Rape". Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality. 35: 335.
  3. ↑ (Barbara ed.). Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ↑ "Violence against women". World Health Organization. Retrieved 2017-09-08.
  5. ↑ Struckman-Johnson, Cindy; David Struckman-Johnson (2006). "A Comparison of Sexual Coercion Experiences Reported by Men and Women in Prison". Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 21 (12): 1591–1615. doi:10.1177/0886260506294240. ISSN 0886-2605. PMID 17065656. S2CID 27639359.; reports that "Greater percentages of men (70%) than women (29%) reported that their incident resulted in oral, vaginal, or anal sex. More men (54%) than women (28%) reported an incident that was classified as rape."
  6. ↑ "Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Rape Survivors". The American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress. 1995. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  7. ↑ "Rape victim threatened to withdraw case in UP". Zeenews.india.com. 2011-03-19. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
  8. ↑ "Stigmatization of Rape & Honor Killings". WISE Muslim Women. 2002-01-31. Archived from the original on 2012-11-08. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Kei
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cor
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Maier, S. L. (2008). ""I Have Heard Horrible Stories...": Rape Victim Advocates' Perceptions of the Revictimization of Rape Victims by the Police and Medical System". Violence Against Women. 14 (7): 786–808. doi:10.1177/1077801208320245. ISSN 1077-8012. PMID 18559867. S2CID 12906072.
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Book042
  13. ↑ "Rule 93. Rape and Other forms of Sexual Violence". International Committee of the Red Cross. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  14. ↑ "Sexual Victimization by Women is More Common Than Previously Known". Scientific American. January 2018.
  15. ↑ "An Updated Definition of Rape (U.S. Dept of Justice, January 6, 2012)". Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
  16. ↑ "Rape Definition Changed". FBI.
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