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Garin Northport, New York

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Garin Northport, New York
village of New York (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Farawa 1656
Sunan hukuma Village of Northport da Northport
Ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Lambar aika saƙo 11768
Wuri
Map
 40°54′10″N 73°20′39″W / 40.9028°N 73.3442°W / 40.9028; -73.3442
Ƴantacciyar ƙasaTarayyar Amurka
Jihar Tarayyar AmurikaNew York
County of New York (en) FassaraSuffolk County (en) Fassara
Town in the United States (en) FassaraHuntington (en) Fassara

Northport ƙauyen ne a cikin garin Huntington a cikin kasa Suffolk , a Arewacin Tekun Long Island, New York, Amurka . Yawan jama'a ya kai 7,347 a lokacin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2020.

Da farko an sanya shi Great Cow Harbour ta masu mulkin mallaka na Ingila na ƙarni na 17, an sake sunan yankin a hukumance Northport a 1837. A shekara ta 1894, a kokarin samar da mulki, an kafa al'umma a matsayin ƙauye.

An san Ƙauyen da aka kafa na Northport da cibiyar ƙauyen Victorian, har yanzu tana ɗauke da rails na trolley daga layin titin da aka dakatar da shi wanda ke jigilar mazaunan ƙauyen zuwa tashar Long Island Rail Road a Gabashin Northport. Babban titin ƙauyen yana gudana daga ƙauyen Green tare da tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tsohon ƙauyen Vernon Valley, wanda tun daga lokacin al'ummar makwabta ta Gabashin Northport ta haɗa shi.

Tarihi

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Zamanin Turai

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Mutanen asali na yankin da yanzu ake kira Northport sune Matinecocks, ɗaya daga cikin kabilun 'Yan asalin Amurka 13 na Long Island. Matinecocks sun kira wannan ƙasar Opcathontyche, wanda ke nufin "kogi na ruwa".[1] Bayan sha'awar Dutch 'yan shekaru da suka gabata, Cif Asharoken, shugaban Matinecocks, ya sayar da ƙasar ga' yan Ingila uku a shekara ta 1656.[2]

Tare da ƙasar da ta dace da noma, mazauna farko sun kiwo shanu a makiyaya a kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa. Ba da daɗewa ba yankin ya zama sananne da Great Cow Harbour . [3] (An san ƙauyen da ke kusa da Centerport da Little Cow Harbour.) Gidan da ya fi tsufa har yanzu yana tsaye a Northport, Gidan Skidmore a kan Main Street, an gina shi a cikin 1761. A shekara ta 2009 an sayar da gidan, wanda ya haifar da ƙauyen don zartar da dokar adana tarihi.

Girma, canji, da ginin jirgi

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Fayil:Woodbine Avenue Northport.jpg
Woodbine Avenue da Northport Harbor, kusan 1900

A farkon karni na 19, Great Cow Harbor har yanzu al'umma ce ta karkara. A cikin shekarun 1830, ƙauyen yana dauke da gidaje takwas kawai. Amma sabon masana'antar gine-ginen jiragen ruwa ya kawo canji da sauri da ci gaba. Ƙauyen ya ƙaura daga tushen aikin gona yayin da ginin jirgi ya zama masana'antar farko ta al'umma. A shekara ta 1837, ana kiran ƙauyen da Northport .[1]

Ƙididdigar 1860 ta lissafa yawan mutanen Northport a 1,016. A shekara ta 1874, ya zama ƙauyen da ya fi bunƙasa a Arewacin Long Island, tare da tashoshin jirgi guda uku, saiti biyar na jiragen ruwa, otal-otal guda biyu, da akalla manyan shagunan shida.

Ci gaban gine-ginen jiragen ruwa na Northport ya dauki shekaru hamsin, amma ya ragu a ƙarshen karni yayin da jiragen ruwa masu ƙarfe suka fara maye gurbin jiragen katako da aka samar a ƙauyen.[1]

Jirgin ƙasa da trolleys

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Main Street, wani lokaci tsakanin 1902 da 1909

A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 1868, Long Island Rail Road ta buɗe tashar a cikin ƙauyen Northport . [4] Wannan muhimmin hanyar sufuri ne ga ƙauyen, musamman ga yawan jama'a masu zuwa. Koyaya, bayan 'yan shekaru kawai LIRR ta yanke shawarar matsa tashar Northport zuwa sabon wuri a Larkfield don sauƙaƙe ƙarin faɗaɗa hanyar jirgin ƙasa zuwa Port Jefferson. An buɗe sabon tashar jirgin ƙasa da ke kan titin Larkfield a ranar 13 ga Janairu, 1873, kuma ya riƙe sunan tashar Northport.[5]

Don kauce wa rikicewa tare da tsohuwar tashar da ke ƙauyen Northport, masu gudanar da jirgin ƙasa za su tashar da take Larkfield a matsayin "Gabas ta Northport" saboda tashar tana gabashin tashar jirgin kasa ta Northport wacce ke jagorantar jiragen ƙasa zuwa arewa zuwa tashar da kele cikin ƙauyen. Duk da gaskiyar cewa Larkfield ya kasance da farko a kudancin Northport, yankin ya zama sananne daga baya da East Northport . [6] Hanyar jirgin kasa ta asali zuwa Northport daga baya an san ta da reshen Northport . Bayan tsohuwar tashar ƙauyen ta rufe a shekara ta 1899, Northport ta yanke shawarar gina layin trolley mai nisan kilomita 4.5 don ɗaukar masu tafiya tsakanin Main Street da sabon tashar Northport da ke Larkfield. Sabuwar mota ta buɗe a tsakiyar watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1902. Ƙarin amfani da mota ya jagoranci trolley don yin tafiyarta ta ƙarshe a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1924.[7]

Haɗuwa da haɗuwa

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Kodayake an san shi da sunan Northport tun aƙalla 1837, ƙauyen Northport ba a kafa shi ba har zuwa 1894, [3] ya zama ƙauyen farko a garin Huntington don yin hakan. [1] A cikin shekaru Northport ya fadada daga iyakokinta na asali, yana haɗa wasu al'ummomin da aka kafa.

A kusa da Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin, tarin iyalai 31 sun fara zama mil 1.5 (2.4 gabashin Northport, a kusa da inda Main Street da Route 25A yanzu suka haɗu da 40°53′58′′N 73°19′47′′W / 40.8995°N 73.3296°W / 40.9995; -73.3296. Wannan ƙauyen an san shi da Red Hook [1] kuma ya canza sunaye zuwa Vernon Valley a cikin 1820. [3] A shekara ta 1874 Vernon Valley yana da yawan jama'a kusan 150. Vernon Valley ya zama wani ɓangare na Northport a tsakiyar karni na 20.[8]

Northport kuma ta haɗa da tsohuwar mazaunin mai zaman kanta na Crab Meadow 40°55′15′′N 73°19′13′′W / 40.9207°N 73.3202°W / 40. 9207; -73.3207 (wanda aka fi sani da Great Neck ), da kuma sassan yammacin al'ummar Freshpond 40°55'umma 40°17′47′′W / 70.9224°N 73.265°W / 70.924; -73.2965.

Arewacin zamani

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Gidan tunawa da Northport a gefen Northport Harbor

A cikin shekarun 1920, bayan kusan ƙarni na amfani da kasuwanci mai nauyi, bakin teku wanda ya goyi bayan al'umma na tsararraki ya lalace. Garin ya yanke shawarar sayen ƙasar da ke gefen tashar jiragen ruwa kuma ya kirkiro Northport Memorial Park a 1932, wanda shine fasalin Northport a yau.[1]

A shekara ta 1967, Kamfanin Haske na Long Island (LILCO) ya buɗe tashar wutar lantarki ta Northport, a halin yanzu babbar tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da man fetur a Gabashin Gabas. Manyan tarin guda huɗu sanannen alama ce da za a iya gani daga nesa kamar Connecticut a fadin Long Island Sound. Kowane tarin yana da tsayi 600 feet (180 m) .[9]

Northport Trolley, wanda ya daina aiki a 1924, ya ji daɗin farfadowa a cikin 1970s da 1980s, yana jigilar masu yawon bude ido na karshen mako tare da Main Street. Ba kamar trolleys na lantarki na asali ba, wannan kwatankwacin nostalgic an motsa shi da doki. Har ila yau, ya gudana a kan tayoyin mota na roba maimakon amfani da rails na asali wanda har yanzu ya kasance wani abu ne mai ganuwa na Main Street har zuwa yau.

A watan Yulin 1984, Northport ya sami hankalin kafofin watsa labarai na kasa da kasa saboda kasancewa wurin kisan gillar Gary Lauwers mai shekaru 17 da abokinsa, wanda ya bar makarantar sakandare kuma ake zargi da bautar shaidan Ricky Kasso. Abubuwan da suka faru sun zama manyan labarai na kasa kuma tun daga lokacin an ba da labarin su a cikin littattafai da fina-finai, wanda ya sa ƙauyen ya sha wahala mara kyau ga shahararren shaidanci.[10]

Kowace Satumba, ƙauyen Northport yana tunawa da tarihinsa mai arziki tare da bikin Ranar Cow Harbor, wanda ke biyo bayan tseren shekara-shekara na Great Cow Harbor 10K.

Yanayin ƙasa

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Taswirar ƙididdigar Amurka ta Northport

A cewar Ofishin Ƙididdigar Amurka, ƙauyen yana da jimlar yanki na murabba'in mil .5 (6.5 ), wanda murabba'i mil .3 (6.0 ) ƙasa ne kuma murabba'insa mil 0. (0.52 km2), ko 9.02%, ruwa ne.[11][12]

Yawancin ƙauyen sun ƙunshi ƙananan tuddai masu tsawo na Harbour Hill Moraine. A yamma shine Northport Harbor mai kariya sosai, a arewa shine Long Island Sound, kuma a gabas akwai dazuzzuka da marshland.

Babban fasalin Northport shine Steer's Pit (wanda aka sani kawai da "Rimi" ga mazauna gida[1]), babban ɓacin rai wanda aka zana shi a cikin tsaunin da ke kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Arewa da kuma kudu da fitattun wuraren hayaki na tashar wutar lantarki ta Arewaport.  Wannan yanayin da ba a saba gani ba shine sakamakon ayyukan hakar yashi na Kamfanin Steers da Steers.  An fara hakar ma'adinai a cikin 1923 kuma ya ƙare a cikin 1950s. An yi jigilar yashin da aka haƙa ta jirgin ruwa zuwa birnin New York, inda aka haɗe shi da siminti na Portland da tarin dutsen, ya zama titin New York.   [ana ruwa hujja] [ana bukatar] yankin tun daga lokacin ana amfani da shi don gida da kuma amfanin gida, kuma wani yanki na Pit wani wurin shakatawa ne da ’yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na gida da na wasan ƙwallon baseball ke amfani da su.  Ma'aikatar kashe gobara ta Arewaport tana kula da wurin horo a cikin rami wanda shine wurin baje kolin masu kashe gobara na shekara-shekara a lokacin rani.

Babban Yankin Northport

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Northport ya ƙunshi ƙauyuka 2 da ƙauyuka 7 da ba a haɗa su ba:

  • Arewacin tashar jiragen ruwa
  • Gabashin Arewa
  • Asharoken
  • Cibiyar Wasanni
  • Bari mu ci wuyan hannu
  • Greenlawn
  • Kwarin Vernon
  • Wincoma
  • Fort Salonga

Yawan jama'a

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Yawan jama'a na tarihi
CensusPop.Note%±
18701,060—
18801,38130.3%
19001,794—
19102,09616.8%
19201,977−5.7%
19302,52327.6%
19403,09322.6%
19503,85924.8%
19605,97254.8%
19707,49425.5%
19807,6512.1%
19907,572−1.0%
20007,6060.4%
20107,401−2.7%
20207,347−0.7%

Ya zuwa Ƙididdigar Amurka ta 2020, ƙauyen yana da mutane 7,347, gidaje 2,906, da iyalai 1,926 . [13]

Ya zuwa , akwai mutane 7,401, gidaje 2,955, da iyalai 2,074 da ke zaune a ƙauyen.[14] Yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna 3,290.0 a kowace murabba'in mil (1,270.3/km2). Akwai gidaje 3,052 a matsakaicin matsakaicin 1,320.0 a kowace murabba'in mil (509.7/km2). Tsarin launin fata na ƙauyen ya kasance 92.04% fari, 2.59% Ba'amurke Ba'amurkiya, 0.05% 'Yan asalin Amurka, 1.25% Asiya, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.30% daga wasu kabilu, da 0.75% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane kabila sun kasance 5.09% na yawan jama'a.

Akwai gidaje 2,955, daga cikinsu kashi 33.2% suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 59.8% ma'aurata ne da ke zaune mmogo, kashi 8.5% suna da mace mai gida ba tare da miji ba, kuma kashi 29.9% ba iyalai ba ne. Kashi 25.9% na dukkan gidaje sun kunshi mutane, kuma kashi 8.0% suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.55 kuma matsakaicin girman iyalin ya kasance 3.07.

A cikin ƙauyen, yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da kashi 23.8% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 5.8% daga 18 zuwa 24, 30.1% daga 25 zuwa 44, 28.8% daga 45 zuwa 64, da kuma 12.1% waɗanda suka kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 40. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 94.6. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama, akwai maza 91.6.

Matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na iyali a ƙauyen ya kai $ 90,250, kuma matsakaicin kuɗin haya na iyali ya kai $ 104,488. Maza suna da matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na $ 78,715 tare da $ 50,119 ga mata. Kudin shiga na kowane mutum a ƙauyen ya kai $ 43,694. Kimanin kashi 1.6% na iyalai da kashi 2.8% na yawan jama'a sun kasance a ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da kashi 3.7% na waɗanda ba su kai shekara 18 ba da kuma kashi 2.8% daga waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.

Gwamnati

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Garin Northport ƙauye ne da aka kafa wanda Kwamitin Amintattun ke jagoranta, wanda ya kunshi zababben Magajin gari, Mataimakin Magajin gari، da Masu Amintattun Garin uku.[15]

Ma'aikatar kashe gobara ta Northport da kuma sashen 'yan sanda na kanta suna kula da ƙauyen. Ma'aikatar 'yan sanda ta ƙauyen Northport, wacce aka kafa a 1929, tana daukar ma'aikata 17 na cikakken lokaci kuma tana gudanar da duk aikin sintiri da kamawa da mafi yawan bincike da horo a cikin gida (Ma'aikatun' yan sanda na Suffolk County tana taimakawa a cikin shari'o'i na musamman). Har ila yau, sashen 'yan sanda yana da ƙungiyar ruwa wacce ke sintiri a hanyoyin ruwa.[16]

Ilimi

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Gundumar Makarantar Free School ta Northport-East Northport Union ce ke ba da sabis ga ƙauyen.[17][18] Saboda haka, yara da ke zaune a cikin ƙauyen kuma suna halartar makarantun gwamnati suna zuwa makarantun Northport-East Northport.[17][18]

Fasaha da al'adu

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Northport Village Dock a Northport Harbor

Bikin Ranar Harbor Cow na shekara-shekara na Northport yana murnar tarihin ƙauyen, wanda a baya aka sani da Great Cow Harbor.  Ana gudanar da shi kowace shekara a ranar Lahadi na cikakken karshen mako na uku a cikin Satumba, kuma tun daga 1977 bayan Babban Harbour 10K da aka gudanar ranar da ta gabata.  [an buƙata] Ranar Harbour Cow tana jawo dubban baƙi zuwa Northport kowace Satumba.  Abubuwan da suka faru suna farawa tare da faretin saukar da Babban Titin, wanda ke nuna tafiye-tafiye, ƙungiyar tafiya ta makarantar sakandare ta Northport, motocin gargajiya da tashin trolley na ɗan lokaci wanda ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a wannan hanyar a farkon shekarun 1900.  Tufafin da ke da alaƙa da naman alade da na iyo kuma jigo ne na gama gari.[]  Ana gudanar da bukukuwa a Park Memorial Park a gefen tashar.[]  kiɗan kai tsaye, tseren jirgin ruwa, da sauran abubuwan jan hankali.  A cikin shekaru goma sha uku da suka gabata, Rundunar Tsaron Tekun Amurka da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Ft.  Salonga, NY Flotilla.  Kowace shekara ana yin bayyanar ta Regimental Band na Kwalejin Kasuwancin Marine Marine na Amurka a Kings Point. Regimental Band of the

Shahararrun mutane

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Masu zane-zane

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  • Jules Olitski mai zane, mai zane

Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo

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  • John Dias, Mai ba da rahoto, CBS New York
  • Robert Burke, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo (Law & Order)
  • Edie Falco, Broadway, fim, da kuma 'yar wasan talabijin da aka fi sani da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Carmela Soprano a cikin Sopranos
  • Alison Fanelli, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo wacce aka fi sani da rawar da ta taka a jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin The Adventures of Pete & Pete [19]
  • Elizabeth Hendrickson, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta talabijin da aka fi sani da rawar da ta taka a matsayin tagwayen Frankie da Maggie Stone a kan All My Children [20]
  • Patti LuPone, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Broadway da talabijin da ta lashe Kyautar Tony, wacce aka fi sani da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Eva Peron a Evita [21]
  • Chris Messina ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin, wanda aka fi sani da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Ted Fairwell a cikin Six Feet Under [22][23][24]
  • Dan Milano, marubucin talabijin kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo na murya wanda aka fi sani da mahaliccin wasan kwaikwayon Greg the Bunny [25][26]
  • Gretchen Rau, mai shirya fim din da ya lashe Kyautar Kwalejin
  • John Scurti, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin wanda aka fi sani da rawar da ya taka a matsayin Kenny Shea a Rescue Me [27]
  • Craig Ricci Shaynak, Mai wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin [28]
  • Marcia Marcia Martia, Drag Queen da aka fi sani da RuPaul's Drag Race (lokaci 15) RuPaul's Drag Race (lokaci na 15)
  • Jordan Firstman, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda aka fi sani da rawar da ya taka a cikin Malami na Turanci (jerin talabijin) [29]

Masu kiɗa

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  • Wendy Andreiev (Wendy Wild), jagorar mawaƙa a cikin shekarun 1980s don ƙungiyoyi da yawa na New York
  • Ian Matthias Bavitz (Aesop Rock), hip-hop, mai zane-zane
  • Brendan B. Brown, jagorar mawaƙa na ƙungiyar WheatusKarnuka
  • Peter Calandra, Broadway, fim, da kuma dan wasan piano / mawaki na talabijin [30][31]
  • Frank Funaro, mai bugawa na CrackerMai fashewa
  • Steve Nardelli mawaƙi kuma marubucin waƙa tare da The Syn
  • Bassam Saba, mawaƙi kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar New York Arabic Orchestra
  • Wheatus, ƙungiyar
  • Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, ya rubuta Le Petit Prince (The Little Prince) a lokacin rani na 1942 a cikin The Bevin Mansion a Asharoken .
  • Edwin G. Burrows, ya lashe kyautar Pulitzer ta 1999 don Tarihi don littafin Gotham: Tarihin Birnin New York zuwa 1898 [2]Gotham: Tarihin Birnin New York zuwa 1898
  • Greg Fox, mai zane-zane / marubuci mai ban dariya a cikin ƙasa (Kyle's Bed & Breakfast ya faru a Northport)
  • Jack Kerouac, marubuci Beat kuma marubuci wanda aka fi sani da shi a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga motsi na al'adu na shekarun 1960 [32]

Manazarta

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bleyer, Bill. "Northport: A Harbor of Transformations". Long Island, Our History. Newsday. Retrieved February 8, 2007. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Newsday" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ "About Northport". Northport Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved February 8, 2007.
  3. 1 2 3 Little, Bob. "The Many Names of Northport". Northport History. Northport Historical Society. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved February 8, 2007.CS1 maint: unfit url (link) Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "names" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ "PRR Chronology, 1868" (PDF). The Pennsylvania Railroad Technical & Historical Society. June 2004. Retrieved February 8, 2007.
  5. ↑ "PRR Chronology, 1873" (PDF). The Pennsylvania Railroad Technical & Historical Society. February 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 1, 2014. Retrieved February 8, 2007.
  6. ↑ "East Northport: East Was Added When The Trains Came". Long Island, Our History. Newsday. Retrieved February 12, 2007.
  7. ↑ "East Northport Town History". East Northport Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved February 8, 2007.
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Suffolk
  9. ↑ "Gas- and Oil-Fired Plants in New York". Power Plants Around The World. May 24, 2006. Archived from the original on July 18, 2009. Retrieved December 4, 2007.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named satan in the suburbs
  11. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  12. ↑ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Northport village, New York". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
  13. ↑ "U.S. 2020 QuickFacts Northport village, New York". Census.gov. April 1, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2022.
  14. ↑ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  15. ↑ "Elected Officials – The Official Website for the Village of Northport" (in Turanci). Retrieved March 18, 2020.
  16. ↑ "Home | Northport Police Department". website (in Turanci). Retrieved March 18, 2020.
  17. 1 2 "Long Island Zoning Atlas". Long Island Index Maps. Long Island Index.
  18. 1 2 "Composite School District Boundaries Shapefiles". NCES. Retrieved October 23, 2020.
  19. ↑ "Alison Fanelli". IMDb. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  20. ↑ "Elizabeth Hendrickson". IMDb. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  21. ↑ "Patti Lupone". IMDb. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  22. ↑ "Rozie Bacchi Publicity Stills & Production Photos". Rozie Bacchi. Retrieved November 12, 2007.
  23. ↑ "Biography for Joe Roseto". IMDb. Retrieved November 12, 2007.
  24. ↑ "Chris Messina". IMDb. Retrieved November 12, 2007.
  25. ↑ "Dan Milano". IMDb. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  26. ↑ "Open Seas 1990 (Northport High School Yearbook)". 11. Walsworth Publishing Company. 1990: 169. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  27. ↑ "John Scurti". IMDb. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  28. ↑ "Craig Ricci Shaynak". IMDb. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
  29. ↑ Nordstrom, Leigh (2020-07-16). "Jordan Firstman Turns Lockdown Into Lemonade". WWD (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-03-14.
  30. ↑ "Peter Calandra / Composer". Archived from the original on August 20, 2007. Retrieved November 11, 2007.
  31. ↑ "Peter Calandra". IMDb. Retrieved November 11, 2007.
  32. ↑ Asher, Levi (September 19, 2001). "Jack Kerouac". Literary Kicks. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
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