Jump to content

Geology na yankin Indiya

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Geology na yankin Indiya
General information
Gu mafi tsayi Tsaunin Everest
Yawan fili 4,480,000 km²
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa 22°12′28″N 76°58′13″E / 22.20775°N 76.97021°E / 22.20775; 76.97021
Kasa Indiya

Yankin Indiya yanki ne na Asiya a ƙarƙashin Himalayas wanda ke aiki a cikin Tekun Indiya tsakanin Bay of Bengal zuwa gabas da Tekun Larabawa zuwa yamma. Yanzu an raba shi tsakanin Bangladesh, Indiya, da Pakistan. Kodayake ana amfani da kalmomin "ƙananan nahiyar Indiya" da "Kudancin Asiya" sau da yawa don nuna yanki mai faɗi wanda ya haɗa da, ban da haka, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal da Sri Lanka, "ƙananan yanki na Indiya" ya fi zama kalmar geophysical, yayin da "Kudakin Asiya" ya fi dacewa da geopolitical. "Kudancin Asiya" sau da yawa ya haɗa da Afghanistan, wanda ba a la'akari da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na yankin ba har ma a cikin amfani mai tsawo.[1]

Sunan

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A tarihi, yankin da ke kewaye da kudu maso gabashin Kogin Indus galibi ana kiransa "India" a cikin kafofin tarihi da yawa. Har ma a yau, masana tarihi suna amfani da wannan kalmar don nuna duk yankin Indiya yayin tattauna tarihi har zuwa zamanin Birtaniya Raj. A tsawon lokaci, duk da haka, "India" ya samo asali ne don komawa ga wani bangare na siyasa wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama ƙasa-jiha (a yau Jamhuriyar Indiya). [2]

A cewar Oxford English Dictionary, kalmar subcontinent tana nuna "ƙananan yanki na nahiyar da ke da bambancin yanayin ƙasa, siyasa, ko al'adu" da kuma "babban ƙasa da ya fi karami fiye da nahiyar". [3] Amfani da shi don nuna yankin Indiya an tabbatar da shi daga farkon karni na ashirin lokacin da yawancin yankin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Daular Burtaniya ko kuma ya haɗa kai da su.[4] Lokaci ne mai dacewa don komawa ga yankin da ya ƙunshi Indiya ta Burtaniya da jihohin sarauta.

Kalmar ta kasance sananne ne a Daular Burtaniya da magabata, yayin da kalmar Kudancin Asiya ta fi amfani da ita a Turai da Arewacin Amurka da kuma a yawancin ƙasashe a Kudancin Asia kanta wani lokacin. [5][6] A cewar masana tarihi Sugata Bose da Ayesha Jalal, Yankin Indiya ya zama sananne da <i id="mwiQ">Kudancin Asiya</i> "a cikin kwanan nan kuma tsaka-tsaki". Masanin ilimin Indon Ronald B. Inden ya yi jayayya cewa amfani da kalmar Kudancin Asiya yana zama mafi yaduwa tunda a bayyane yake ya bambanta yankin daga Gabashin Asiya.[7] Duk da yake Kudancin Asiya, wani lokaci mafi daidaituwa wanda ke nuna iyakokin siyasa na zamani na yankin, yana maye gurbin yankin Indiya, kalmar da ke da alaƙa da al'adun mulkin mallaka na yankin, a matsayin kalmar rufewa, har yanzu ana amfani da ƙarshen a cikin nazarin nau'ikan.

Tun lokacin da aka raba Indiya, 'yan Pakistan (wanda ya zama mai zaman kansa daga Indiya ta Burtaniya a 1947) da Bangladesh (wanda ya sami' yanci daga Pakistan a 1971) sau da yawa suna ganin amfani da Yankin Indiya a matsayin mai cin zarafi da tuhuma saboda yawan sanya Indiya a cikin kalmar.[8] Saboda haka ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin waɗannan ƙasashe. [bayanin kula na 7] A halin yanzu, yawancin masu sharhi na Indiya sun fi son amfani da kalmar saboda alaƙar zamantakewa da al'adu na yankin. An kuma kira yankin "ƙasar Asiya", "ƙasar Kudancin Asiya", [9] [10] da kuma "India" ko "Babbar Indiya" a cikin ma'anar gargajiya da na zamani. [5] [6] [1]

Wasan wasan kurket, wanda Burtaniya ta gabatar a yankin, ya shahara sosai a Indiya, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh da Afghanistan. A cikin mahallin wasan kurket, wasu lokuta ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe kawai a matsayin karamar nahiya misali "tafiyar Australia ta karamar nahiyar".[11] Ana kuma amfani da kalmar a wasu lokuta a cikin wasan kurket misali "yanayin subcontinental". [12] [13]

Ilimin ƙasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Cimmeria, bayan ya rabu da Gondwana ya nuna yana yawo zuwa Eurasia, yana rufe Tekun Paleo-Tethys a sama, yana buɗe Tekun Neo-Tethis a ƙasa, kuma yana ɗauke da ɓangarorin abin da ke yau da Tibetan PlateauFilin Tibet
Haɓakawar Karakoram, tsibirin tsibirin Kohistan-Ladakh, da Belin Gangdese zuwa Eurasia sun riga sun haɗu da Indiya da Eurasia na ƙarshe. Taurari suna nuna alamun abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗin kai.

Kafin Farantin Indiya ya rabu daga Gondwana kuma ya yi nisa zuwa arewa zuwa Eurasia, wasu ƙasashe biyu, Qiangtang Terrane na Lhasa terrane, sun karu zuwa Eurasia.[14] Yankin Qiantang da Lhasa sun kasance wani ɓangare na jerin ƙananan nahiyoyi Cimmeria, a yau sun zama ɓangarorin Turkiyya, Iran, Pakistan (ciki har da Karakoram [15]), China, Myanmar, Thailand da Malaysia, waɗanda suka rufe Tekun Paleo-Tethys a sama da su kuma suka buɗe Tekun Neo-Tethy tsakanin su da Gondwana, daga ƙarshe suka haɗu da Eurasia, kuma suka haifar da Orogeny Cimmerian.[14]

Bayan Lhasa terrane ya haɗu da Eurasia, wani yanki mai aiki na nahiya ya buɗe tare da gefen kudu, a ƙasa wanda farantin teku na Neo-Tethys ya fara raguwa. Ayyukan magmatic tare da wannan gefen sun haifar da baholith na Gangdese a cikin abin da yake a yau Tibet trans-Himalaya. Wani yanki na ƙaddamarwa ya buɗe zuwa yamma, a cikin rafin teku sama da tsibirin Kohistan-Ladakh. Wannan tsibiri-wanda aka yi shi da farantin teku guda ɗaya yana ƙarƙashin wani, magma yana tashi yana ƙirƙirar ɓawon nahiya - ya karkata zuwa arewa, ya rufe bakin tekun ya ci karo da Eurasia.Ladakh a yau yana cikin yankin Kashmir da Indiya ke ƙarƙashin ikon Indiya da Kohistan a lardin Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa na Pakistan, duka a yankin Indiya.

Riashin jituwan ruwan indiya da Eurasia ya rufe Tekun Neo-Tethys.[35] Yankin suture (a cikin wannan misali, ragowar yankin Neo-Tethys subduction pinched tsakanin ɓangarorin nahiyoyin biyu), wanda ke nuna walƙiyar Indiya zuwa Eurasia, ana kiranta yankin suture Indus-Yarlung. Yana arewa da Himalayas. Ruwan ruwa na kogin Indus da Yarlung Tsangpo (daga baya a cikin tafarkinsa, Brahmaputra) yana gudana tare da wannan yanki na suture. Koguna biyu na Eurasian, waɗanda ke ci gaba da karkatar da karatunsu ta hanyar hawan Himalayas, sun bayyana iyakar yammaci da gabas, bi da bi, na tsaunin Himalayan..[14]

Dubi kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Yankin Larabawa
  • Indiya (Herodotus)
  • Filin Iran
  • Kungiyar Kudancin Asiya don Haɗin Kai na Yankin (SAARC)

Bayani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Jim Norwine & Alfonso González, The Third World: states of mind and being, pages 209, Taylor & Francis, 1988, ISBN 0-04-910121-8 Quote: ""The term "South Asia" also signifies the Indian Subcontinent""

    Raj S. Bhopal, Ethnicity, race, and health in multicultural societies, pages 33, Oxford University Press, 2007, ISBN 0-19-856817-7; Quote: "The term South Asian refers to populations originating from the Indian subcontinent, effectively India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka;

    Lucian W. Pye & Mary W. Pye, Asian Power and Politics, pages 133, Harvard University Press, 1985, ISBN 0-674-04979-9 Quote: "The complex culture of the Indian subcontinent, or South Asia, presents a tradition comparable to Confucianism."

    Mark Juergensmeyer, The Oxford handbook of global religions, pages 465, Oxford University Press US, 2006, ISBN 0-19-513798-1

    Sugata Bose & Ayesha Jalal, Modern South Asia, page 3, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0-415-30787-2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "norwineplus" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ "Indian subcontinent Map, Countries, Population, & History". Encyclopædia Britannica. 20 September 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
  3. ↑ "subcontinent - definition of subcontinent in English | Oxford Dictionaries". 20 December 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2024. A large distinguishable part of a continent
  4. ↑ Milton Walter Meyer, South Asia: A Short History of the Subcontinent, pages 1, Adams Littlefield, 1976, ISBN 0-8226-0034-X
  5. ↑ Judith Schott & Alix Henley, Culture, Religion, and Childbearing in a Multiracial Society, pages 274, Elsevier Health Sciences, 1996, ISBN 0750620501
  6. ↑ Raj S. Bhopal, Ethnicity, race, and health in multicultural societies, pages 33, Oxford University Press, 2007, ISBN 0198568177
  7. ↑ Ronald B. Inden, Imagining India, page 51, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2000, ISBN 1850655200
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named farmerplus
  9. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  10. ↑ K. D. Kapur, Nuclear Non-proliferation Diplomacy: Nuclear Power Programmes in the Third World, page 365, Lancers Books, 1993, ISBN 9788170950363|Daya Nath Tripathi (ed), Discourse on Indo European Languages and Culture, page 193, Indian Council of Historical Research, 2005, ISBN 9788178271200
  11. ↑ "Khawaja in the subcontinent - unselectable to indispensable". ESPNcricinfo (in Turanci). 10 March 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  12. ↑ "Subcontinent lessons for Australia's youngsters". ESPNcricinfo (in Turanci). Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  13. ↑ "A distinctly sub-continental wicket". ESPNcricinfo (in Turanci). Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Frisch, Meschede & Blakey 2011.
  15. ↑ Zanchi, Andrea; Gaetani, Maurizio (2011). "The geology of the Karakoram range, Pakistan: the new 1:100,000 geological map of Central-Western Karakoram". Italian Journal of Geosciences. 130 (2): 161–262. doi:10.3301/IJG.2011.09. The Tirich Boundary Zone is a complex assemblage of high grade metabasites and gneiss with small remnants of sub-continental peridotites, which separate East Hindu Kush from the Karakoram. Its emplacement has been related to the possible opening of a basin between the two blocks at the end of the Paleozoic, followed by its deformation during the collision of Karakoram with East Hindu Kush, dating to the end of Triassic or beginning of the Jurassic.
Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geology_na_yankin_Indiya&oldid=689777"