George Alexander McGuire
 George Alexander McGuire | |
|---|---|
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| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Swetes (en)  , 28 ga Maris, 1866 |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mazauni |
Tarayyar Amurka Danish West Indies (en) |
| Ƙabila | Afirkawan Amurka |
| Mutuwa | 10 Nuwamba, 1934 |
| Makwanci |
Woodlawn Cemetery (en) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
Anglican priest (en) da shugaban addini |
George Alexander McGuire (28 Maris 1866 - 10 Nuwamba 1934) shine wanda ya kafa Cocin Orthodox na Afirka,[1] kuma fitaccen memba na Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).[2]
Tarihin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rayuwar farko da girma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi McGuire ga dangin Afro-Caribbean a ranar 28 ga Maris 1866 a Swetes, Antigua; Mahaifin McGuire dan Anglican ne, kuma mahaifiyarsa 'yar Moravian ce. A lokacin da yake balaga, ya yi karatu a Moravian Miskey Seminary a Danish West Indies, kuma a harabar Antigua College ta Mico.[3] Daga 1888 zuwa 1894, McGuire ya yi aiki a matsayin fasto na Cocin Moravian a cikin Danish West Indies.
Shige da fice da matsayin firist
A 1894, McGuire ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka. Da farko ya shiga Cocin Methodist Episcopal Church, wadda ita ce darikar Kirista bakar fata ta farko mai cin gashin kanta a kasar, wadda aka kafa a farkon karni na sha tara. A ranar 2 ga Janairu 1895, McGuire ya shiga Cocin Episcopal na Furotesta a hukumance a Amurka, kuma bayan shekaru biyu an nada shi a matsayin firist.[4]
McGuire ya jagoranci kananan majami'u, yawancin majami'un Amurkawa na Afirka a Cincinnati, Ohio; Richmond, Virginia; da Philadelphia. St. Philip's Episcopal Church of Richmond, Virginia ya lissafa "Reverend George Alexander McQuire" a matsayin rector daga Afrilu 1898 zuwa Nuwamba 1900. Bayan McGuire ta wa'adin, da Rev. Robert Josias "Raphael" Morgan aka jera a matsayin rector a can daga "1901 - Afrilu 1901", mai yiwuwa yin aiki a kan wani lokaci-lokaci rector.[4]
A shekara ta 1901, an nada McGuire rector na St. Thomas' Episcopal Church a Philadelphia; wannan ita ce ikilisiyar baƙar fata ta farko a cikin Cocin Episcopal.[5] Absalom Jones ne ya fara shi a cikin 1794, tun da farko wanda ya kafa tare da Richard Allen na Free African Society.[6] Wannan ƙungiyar taimakon juna ta riga ta kasance Cocin Episcopal Methodist na Afirka wanda Allen ya kafa. McGuire shi ne shugaban St. Thomas daga 1902–05.
Daga 1905 zuwa 1909, McGuire yayi aiki a matsayin Archdeacon don Aiki masu launi a cikin Diocese na Arkansas. Daga ƙarshe, McGuire ya yi murabus kuma ya ƙaura zuwa Cambridge, Massachusetts. A nan ya kafa Cocin St. Bartholomew don Indiyawan Yamma waɗanda ke zaune a yankin Boston. Yayin da yake Cambridge, McGuire kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Likitoci da Likitoci ta Boston, inda ya sami digirinsa na MD a 1910.[7] Lokacin da Episcopal diocese ba ta gane ƙaramin cocinsa ba, McGuire ya yi murabus a 1911.[1]
Komawa Antigua
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1913, McGuire ya koma West Indies, yana kula da mahaifiyarsa. A can ya yi hidima ga Cocin Ingila a Antigua.[8]
Komawa Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban labarin: Cocin Orthodox na Afirka
Ya koma Amurka a 1918, ya shiga UNIA kuma aka nada shi babban malamin kungiyar. A cikin wannan matsayi, McGuire ya rubuta wasu muhimman takardu guda biyu na Ƙungiyar ƙwararrun Ƙarfafawa da kuma Tarihi.[9]
A cikin 1919, McGuire ya kafa Cocin Episcopal mai zaman kanta na Makiyayi Mai Kyau. Ba da dadewa ba, gungun majami'un Episcopal bakaken fata masu cin gashin kansu daga Amurka, Kanada, da Kuba suka zabe shi bishop.[4] A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1921, a cikin Cocin Episcopal mai zaman kanta na Makiyayi Mai Kyau a birnin New York, McGuire da majami'u baƙar fata masu shiga sun kafa Cocin Orthodox na Afirka.[10]
Mutuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]McGuire ya mutu ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1934; an binne shi a makabartar Woodlawn a Bronx, New York. Matarsa Ada Robert McGuire (kuma ɗan asalin Antigua) ya rasu da kuma ɗiya ɗaya. A lokacin mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1934, Cocin Orthodox na Afirka ta yi da’awar mutane sama da 30,000, limamai hamsin, da majami’u talatin da ke nahiyoyi uku: Arewacin Amirka, Amurka ta Kudu da Afirka.[11]
= Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Historic Boston Inc (HBI) | Garvey, McGuire, and God: The Origins of the African Orthodox Church". 28 February 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2023
- ↑ Wintz, Cary D.; Finkelman, Paul (2004). Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-57958-389-7.
- ↑ Gallaher, Rachel (31 May 2008). "George Alexander McGuire (1866-1934)". BlackPast. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Platt, Warren C. (1989). "The African Orthodox Church: An Analysis of Its First Decade". Church History. 58 (4): 474–488. doi:10.2307/3168210. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 3168210. S2CID 162034894.
- ↑ "10. St. Thomas African Episcopal Church". Philadelphia Methodist History Walking Tour. Retrieved 17 April 2023
- ↑ "African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas". Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 17 April 2023
- ↑ "College of Physicians and Surgeons (Boston, Mass.)". Social Networks and Archival Context. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
- ↑ Murphy, Larry G.; Melton, J. Gordon; Ward, Gary L. (20 November 2013). Encyclopedia of African American Religions. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-51338-2.
- ↑ Theodore Natsoulas. "Patriarch McGuire and the Spread of the African Orthodox Church to Africa", Journal of Religion in Africa, Vol. 12, Fasc. 2 (1981), pp.81–104.
- ↑ African Orthodox Church Inc. | Orthodox church in New York City, NY | Powered by Net Ministries". www.netministries.org. Retrieved 17 April 2023
- ↑ In 1946 the African-based portion of McGuire's "African Orthodox Church" in Kenya and Uganda went under the jurisdiction of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa. By 2010, the Eastern Orthodox Church in Kenya had over 650,000 members,[13] making it the largest Orthodox Church in Africa.