George Brown (Dan siyasa na Labour na Burtaniya)

{{Databox} George Alfred George-Brown, Baron George-Browns, PC (an haife shi Brown; 2 ga Satumba 1914 - 2 ga Yuni 1985), ɗan siyasan Jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya ne wanda ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Jam'iyyar Labor daga 1960 zuwa 1970 kuma ya rike mukamai da yawa a ƙarƙashin Firayim Minista Harold Wilson, gami da Sakataren Harkokin Waje da Sakatare na farko. 

Bayan ya bar makaranta yana da shekaru 15, Brown ya fara aiki a matsayin magatakarda, kafin ya shiga kungiyar Sufuri da Ma'aikata Janar. Ya tashi da sauri ta hanyar ƙungiyar a matsayin mai shirya, kuma jim kadan kafin Zaben 1945 an zaba shi a matsayin dan takarar jam'iyyar Labour don kujerar Belper. Ya kayar da mai mulki na Conservative kuma ya ci gaba da rike kujerar har zuwa nasarar da aka yi masa a Zaben 1970. Ya yi aiki a takaice a Gwamnatin Attlee a matsayin Ministan Ayyuka a shekarar 1951. Bayan Labour ta rasa mukaminsa an nada shi a cikin Shadow Cabinet, kuma ya zama shugaban ƙungiyar kwadago da ke tallafawa ƙungiyar kwadago a hannun dama na Jam'iyyar Labour. Bayan mutuwar kwatsam na Aneurin Bevan a shekarar 1960, Brown ya ci nasara a zaben don maye gurbinsa a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jam'iyyar Labour.

Rayuwa ta farko

Brown ita ce babba cikin yara huɗu da aka haifa wa George Brown da Rosina Harriett (née Mason), a Flat 22, I Block, Peabody Buildings, Duke Street, Lambeth, a cikin gidan kakarsa, Ann Martha Mason, gwauruwar wani asphalter na Scotland; gidan yana cikin gidan aiki wanda Peabody Trust, ƙungiyar agaji ta gina. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar, iyalinsa sun tafi kuma suka koma Peabody Trust block a Peabody Square, Blackfriars Road, Southwark, kusa da tashar Waterloo. Mahaifinsa, na dangin da suka daɗe suna zaune a The Borough, amma waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa suna da asalin Irish, sun yi aiki a farkon shekarunsa a matsayin mai sayar da kayan masarufi, sannan a matsayin direban mota da van (don Lyons, daga baya don Evening Standard), kuma ya yi aiki a Garin Duniya na farko a matsayin dirobba ga manyan jami'an Sojojin Burtaniya; daga baya ya zama mai sayar da fata. Wani dan kungiyar kwadago ne mai tsayin daka, daga bisani ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin zartarwa na kungiyar sufuri da ma'aikata, kuma daga baya aka yi masa aiki a matsayin jami'in cikakken lokaci. Ta haka ne aka jefa aspersions a kan 'takardar shaidar ma'aikata' na ɗansa dangane da abin da aka ɗauka (duk da haka ba daidai ba ne aka ba da kakanninsa na Turanci, Scottish da Irish) asalinsa na 'Yewish na tsakiya na kasuwanci na Gabas ta Tsakiya'.

Brown ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Gray Street a Blackfriars inda ya yi kyau sosai don ya wuce jarrabawar shiga makarantar West Square Central School, makarantar sakandare kuma yanzu wani ɓangare na Yankin kiyayewa. Brown ya riga ya karɓi ra'ayoyin hagu na iyayensa kuma daga baya ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ba da takardu ga Jam'iyyar Labour a Babban zaben 1922 lokacin da yake ɗan shekara takwas.

Makarantar ta so Brown ya ci gaba da zama bayan shekaru 15, amma ya yanke shawarar barin don samun rayuwarsa da kuma taimaka wa iyayensa da kudi. Ya fara aiki a matsayin ƙaramin magatakarda a sashen littattafai na wani kamfani na City, amma an kore shi bayan ya matsa wa abokan aikinsa su shiga ƙungiyar kwadago. Daga 1932, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sayar da fata ga John Lewis Partnership, ya bar harshen Cockney don yin kira ga abokan ciniki na al'umma. Brown ya sami kuɗi mai yawa a kan kwamiti. A wannan lokacin, Brown ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar makarantun maraice na London County Council da kuma Kungiyar Ilimi ta Ma'aikata. Talauci na girma ya sa Brown a rayuwarsa ta baya ya yi fushi da waɗanda ke da asali mai daraja da ilimin jami'a.

Mai shirya ƙungiyar kwadago

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan aurensa a ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1937 ga Sophie Levene, 'yar Solomon Levene, mai ɗaure littattafai, Brown ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda tare da Kungiyar Sufuri da Ma'aikata Janar, kuma ya nada shi Mai shirya Gundumar Watford a shekara mai zuwa. A yanzu Brown yana aiki a cikin Jam'iyyar Labour da Kungiyar Matasa ta Labour. Ya yi takara a matsayin dan takara mai matsakaici don Shugabancin amma a taron jam'iyyar Labour na 1937 dan takarar hagu, Ted Willis, daga baya marubucin talabijin ya ci shi. A taron jam'iyyar na 1939 Brown ya yi alama ta hanyar jawabi mai karfi yana neman korar Stafford Cripps saboda goyon bayansa na Popular Front. A sauran rayuwar Cripps ya ki yin magana da Brown.

Bayan barkewar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu a watan Satumbar 1939, Brown ya ba da kansa ga Royal Air Force amma Ernest Bevin, Ministan Kwadago, ya ci gaba da Brown da sauran jami'an kungiyar kwadago a cikin ayyukan farar hula. [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] Bevin na ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Labour da aka kawo cikin gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta lokacin yaƙi. Brown da kansa ya yi aiki a matsayin Ma'aikacin gwamnati na wucin gadi a Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona daga 1940 zuwa gaba.