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George Eliot

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George Eliot
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna Mary Anne Evans
Haihuwa Nuneaton (en) Fassara, 22 Nuwamba, 1819
ƙasa United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Harshen uwa Turanci
Mutuwa Landan, 22 Disamba 1880
Makwanci Highgate Cemetery (en) Fassara
Yanayin mutuwa  (kidney disease (en) Fassara)
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi Robert Evans
Mahaifiya Christiana Pearson
Abokiyar zama John Walter Cross (en) Fassara  (6 Mayu 1880 -  22 Disamba 1880)
Ma'aurata George Henry Lewes (en) Fassara
Karatu
Makaranta Bedford College (en) Fassara
Royal Holloway and Bedford New College (mul) Fassara
Harsuna Turanci
Jamusanci
Sana'a
Sana'a Marubuci, mai aikin fassara, mai falsafa, marubuci, maiwaƙe, ɗan jarida, essayist (en) Fassara da edita
Muhimman ayyuka The Mill on the Floss (en) Fassara
Silas Marner (en) Fassara
Middlemarch (en) Fassara
Daniel Deronda (en) Fassara
Adam Bede (en) Fassara
Romola (en) Fassara
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa Honoré de Balzac (mul) Fassara da Charles Christian Hennell (en) Fassara
Fafutuka literary realism (en) Fassara
Sunan mahaifi George Eliot
Imani
Addini mulhidanci
agnosticism (en) Fassara
IMDb nm0253652

Mary Ann Evans (22 Nuwamba 1819 - 22 Disamba 1880; a madadin Mary Anne ko Marian [1] [2] ), wanda aka sani da sunanta na alkalami George Eliot, marubuciya ce 'yar Ingila, mawaƙiya, 'yar jarida, mai fassara, kuma ɗayan manyan marubuta. na Zamanin Sarauniya Victoriya.[3] Ta rubuta litattafai bakwai: Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss (1860), Silas Marner (1861), Romola (1862-1863), Felix Holt, the Radical (1866), Middlemarch (1871-1872) da Daniel Deronda (1876). Kamar yadda Charles Dickens da Thomas Hardy, ta fito daga lardin Ingila; akasarin ayyukanta an saita su a can. Ayyukanta an san su da haƙiƙanin haƙiƙanin su, hangen nesa na tunani, fahimtar wuri da cikakken kwatancen karkara. Mawallafin marubuci Virginia Woolf ya bayyana Middlemarch a matsayin "ɗayan litattafan Turanci da aka rubuta don manyan mutane"[4] da Martin Amis[5] da Julian Barnes[6] a matsayin mafi girma novel a cikin harshen Turanci.

Abin kunya kuma ba tare da al'ada ba ga zamanin, ta zauna tare da mai aure George Henry Lewes a matsayin abokin aurensa, daga 1854 zuwa 1878, kuma ta kira shi mijinta. Ya kasance yana aure da matarsa ​​kuma yana kula da 'ya'yansu, ko da ta bar shi ya zauna da wani mutum kuma ya haihu da shi. A cikin watan Mayun 1880, watanni goma sha takwas bayan mutuwar Lewes, George Eliot ya auri abokinsa na dogon lokaci, John Cross, wani mutum da ya girme ta, kuma ta canza sunanta zuwa Mary Ann Cross.

Rayuwa

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Rayuwar farko da ilimi

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An haifi Mary Ann Evans a Nuneaton, Warwickshire, Ingila, a South Farm a cikin Estate Hall Arbury.[7] Ita ce ɗa ta uku na Robert Evans (1773 – 1849), manajan gidan Arbury Hall, da Christiana Evans (née Pearson, 1788 – 1836), ‘yar mai gida. Cikakkun ƴan uwanta sune: Christiana, wanda aka fi sani da Chrissey (1814–1859), Isaac (1816–1890), da ƴan’uwan tagwaye waɗanda suka mutu kwanaki kaɗan bayan haihuwa a cikin Maris 1821. Har ila yau, tana da ɗan’uwa rabi, Robert Evans (1802– 1864), da 'yar'uwar' yar'uwa, Frances "Fanny" Evans Houghton (1805-1882), daga auren mahaifinta na baya zuwa Harriet Poynton (1780-1809). A farkon 1820, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa wani gida mai suna Griff House, tsakanin Nuneaton da Bedworth.[8]Matashin Evans ƙwararren mai karatu ne kuma a bayyane yake haziki. Domin ba a ganinta kyakkyawa a zahiri, ba a tunanin Evans tana da damar yin aure da yawa, kuma wannan, tare da basirarta, ya sa mahaifinta ya saka hannun jari a cikin ilimin da ba sau da yawa ba mata.[9] Daga shekaru biyar zuwa tara, ta shiga tare da 'yar uwarta Chrissey a makarantar Miss Latham a Attleborough, daga shekaru tara zuwa goma sha uku a makarantar Mrs. Wallington a Nuneaton, kuma daga shekaru goma sha uku zuwa goma sha shida a makarantar Miss Franklin a Coventry. A makarantar Misis Wallington, ’yar bishara Maria Lewis ce ta koyar da ita—wadda aka aika wa wasiƙunta na farko. A cikin yanayin addini na makarantar Miss Franklin, Evans ya fuskanci shiru, imani mai ladabi wanda ya saba wa aikin bishara.[10] Bayan ya cika shekara goma sha shida, Evans ba shi da ilimi kadan.[11] Godiya ga muhimmiyar rawar da mahaifinta ke takawa a kan kadarorin, an ba ta damar shiga ɗakin karatu na Arbury Hall, wanda ya taimaka mata ilimin kanta da zurfin koyo. Iliminta na gargajiya ya bar ta; Christopher Stray ya lura cewa "littattafan George Eliot sun zana sosai a kan adabin Girka (daya daga cikin littattafanta ne kawai za a iya buga shi daidai ba tare da amfani da nau'in nau'in nau'in Hellenanci ba), kuma sau da yawa bala'i na Girkanci ya rinjayi jigoginta".[12]

Tunawa da girmamawa

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Anyi wurare da dama don tunawa a mahaifarta wato Nuneaton. Wannan su hada da Kwalejin George Eliot, Makarantar Middlemarch Junior, Asibitin George Eliot (tsohon Asibitin Gaggawa na Nuneaton), [13] da George Eliot Road, a Foleshill, Coventry. Hakanan, The Mary Anne Evans Hospice a Nuneaton. Wani mutum-mutumi na Eliot yana cikin Titin Newdegate, Nuneaton, kuma Nuneaton Museum & Art Gallery yana da nunin kayan tarihi masu alaƙa da ita. An ba wa wata na'ura mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa da ke gina rami na Bromford a kan High Speed ​​2 don girmama ta.[14]

A cikin 2015, an ba wa sabon ɗakin zama sunan Evans a Jami'ar Royal Holloway ta London, magajin Kwalejin Bedford, wanda Evans ya halarta a 1850-1.

Ayyukan ta

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Littattafai

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Tarin Gajerun Labarai da tatsuniyoyi

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Fassarori

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Shayari

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Labaran gaskiya

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Wannan Muƙalar guntuwa ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.


Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Ashton, Rosemary (1996). George Eliot: A Life. London: Hamish Hamilton. p. 255. ISBN 978-024113473
  2. ↑ Jacobs, Alexandra (13 August 2023). "George Eliot's Scandalous Answer to 'The Marriage Question'". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 August 2023
  3. ↑ George Eliot (…) is the most earnestly imperative and the most probingly intelligent of the great mid-Victorian novelists". In: Sanders, Andrew The Short Oxford History of English Literature. Clarendon Press, 1994. p. 440
  4. ↑ Woolf, Virginia. "George Eliot." The Common Reader. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1925. pp. 166–176.
  5. ↑ Long, Camilla.Martin Amis and the sex war[dead link], The Times, 24 January 2010, p. 4: "They've [women] produced the greatest writer in the English language ever, George Eliot, and arguably the third greatest, Jane Austen, and certainly the greatest novel, Middlemarch
  6. ↑ Guppy, Shusha. "Interviews: Julian Barnes, The Art of Fiction No. 165". The Paris Review (Winter 2000). Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  7. ↑ Cooke, George Willis. George Eliot: A Critical Study of her Life, Writings and Philosophy. Whitefish: Kessinger, 2004. [1]
  8. ↑ George Eliot Biography – life, childhood, children, name, story, death, history, wife, school, young". www.notablebiographies.com. Retrieved 23 July 2018
  9. ↑ Karl, Frederick R. George Eliot: Voice of a Century. Norton, 1995. pp. 24–25
  10. ↑ Karl, Frederick R. George Eliot: Voice of a Century. Norton, 1995. p. 31
  11. ↑ Karl, Frederick R. George Eliot: Voice of a Century. Norton, 1995. p. 52
  12. ↑ Christopher Stray Classics Transformed, p. 81
  13. ↑ BIRMINGHAM REGIONAL HOSPITAL BOARD GROUP 20 HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE. Birmingham Regional Hospital Board Group 20 Hospital Management Committee. 1944–1974.
  14. ↑ Bromford Tunnel". HS2. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
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