George Kistiakowsky
George Bogdanovich Kistiakowsky ( Russian , Ukrainian ; December 1 [ – Disamba 7, 1982) farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar sinadarai na Ukraine-Amurka a Harvard wanda ya shiga aikin Manhattan kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba Dwight D. Eisenhower na Kimiyya mai ba da shawara.
An haife shi a Boyarka [1] a cikin tsohuwar Daular Rasha, a cikin "tsohuwar iyalin Cossack na Ukraine wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙwararrun masu ilimi a cikin Rasha kafin juyin juya halin", Kistiakowsky ya tsere daga ƙasarsa a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Rasha. Ya tafi Jamus, inda ya sami digirinsa na PhD a fannin ilmin sunadarai na jiki a karkashin kulawar Max Bodenstein a Jami'ar Berlin. Ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka a 1926, inda ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na Jami'ar Harvard a 1930, kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasa a 1933.
Rayuwa ta farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi George Bogdanovich Kistiakowsky a Boyarka, [1] a cikin Gwamnatin Kyiv na Daular Rasha (yanzu wani ɓangare na Ukraine), a ranar 1 ga Disamba. [2] Kakan George Aleksandr Fedorovych Kistiakovsky farfesa ne a fannin shari'a kuma lauya ne na Daular Rasha wanda ya kware a fannin aikata laifuka.[3] Mahaifinsa Bogdan Kistiakovsky farfesa ne a fannin falsafar shari'a a Jami'ar Kyiv, kuma an zabe shi memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa ta Ukraine a shekarar 1919. [2][3] Mahaifiyar Kistiakowsky ita ce Maria Berendshtam, kuma yana da ɗan'uwa, Alexander wanda ya zama masanin ilimin tsuntsaye.[2] Kakan George Ihor Kistiakovsky shi ne Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Jihar Ukraine. [3]
Kistiakowsky ya halarci makarantu masu zaman kansu a Kyiv da Moscow har sai Juyin Juya Halin Rasha ya ɓarke a 1917. Daga nan sai ya shiga rundunar White Army mai adawa da Kwaminisanci. A shekara ta 1920 ya tsere daga Rasha a cikin jirgin ruwan Faransa da aka kwace. Bayan ya kwashe lokaci a Turkiyya da Yugoslavia, sai ya tafi Jamus, inda ya shiga Jami'ar Berlin daga baya a wannan shekarar.[2] A shekara ta 1925, ya sami digirinsa na PhD a fannin ilmin sunadarai na zahiri a karkashin kulawar Max Bodenstein, yana rubuta rubutunsa game da lalacewar photochemical na chlorine monoxide da ozone. Daga nan sai ya zama mataimakin Bodenstein na digiri.[4][2] Takardun farko da ya buga sun kasance cikakkun bayanai game da rubutun sa, wanda aka rubuta tare da Bodenstein.[2]
Yaƙin Duniya na II
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kwamitin Binciken Tsaro na Kasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Da yake ganin rawar da kimiyya ta taka a yakin duniya na biyu, wanda Amurka ba ta shiga ba, Shugaba Franklin D. Roosevelt ya kirkiro Kwamitin Binciken Tsaro na Kasa (NDRC) a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 1940, tare da Vannevar Bush a matsayin shugabanta. James B. Conant, Shugaban Harvard, an nada shi shugaban Sashen B, wanda ke da alhakin bama-bamai, man fetur, iskar gas, da sunadarai.[5] Ya nada Kistiakowsky ya jagoranci Sashe na A-1, wanda ya damu da fashewa.[5] A watan Yunin 1941, an haɗa NDRC cikin Ofishin Binciken Kimiyya da Ci Gaban (OSRD). Bush ya zama shugaban OSRD, Conant ya gaji shi a matsayin shugaban NDRC, kuma Kistiakowsky ya zama shugaban Sashe na B.[5] A cikin sake tsarawa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1942, an raba Division B, kuma ya zama shugaban Division 8, wanda ke da alhakin fashewa da propellants, ya kasance a wannan matsayi har zuwa Fabrairu 1944.[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Кучеренко, Микола (2006). "Будинок Кістяківських у Боярці". Український археографічний щорічник. 10/11: 856.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dainton 1985.
- 1 2 3 Heuman 1998.
- ↑ "Kistiakowsky, George B. (George Bogdan), 1900– Papers of George B. Kistiakowsky : an inventory". Harvard University. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 Stewart 1948.