Gertrud Alexander

Gertrud Alexander
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Gertrud Mathilde Bertha Gaudin
Haihuwa	Ruhla (en) , 7 ga Janairu, 1882
ƙasa	Jamus
Mutuwa	Moscow, 23 ga Maris, 1967
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Eduard Alexander (mul)  (1908 -  1928)
Karatu
Makaranta	Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena (mul) Prussian Academy of Arts (en)
Harsuna	Jamusanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa, ɗan jarida, marubuci, drawing teacher (en) da mai aikin fassara
Sunan mahaifi	GGL Alexander, Gertrud G. L. Alexander da Gertruda Alexander
Imani
Jam'iyar siyasa	Communist Party of Germany (en) Social Democratic Party of Germany (en) Spartacus League (en) Communist Party of the Soviet Union (en)

Gertrud Alexander (an haife ta Gertrud Gaudin: 7 ga Janairun 1882 - 22 ga Maris 1967) ta kasance mai fafutukar Kwaminisanci kuma ƴar siyasa, asalinta daga Jamus. Ta sanya alama a matsayin marubuciya, 'yar jarida da mai sukar fasaha.

Sunayen da ba a sani ba

Abubuwan da ta wallafa sun bayyana kuma an adana su a ƙarƙashin kewayon (yawanci suna da alaƙa) ainihi kamar haka:

• "GGL Alexander"
• "Gertrud G. L. Alexander"
• "Gertrud Gaudin Ludwig Alexander"
• "G.G.L."
• "G.G.(G.) Ludwig"
• "Gertruda Alexander"
• "A.L."
• "g.g.g."
• "Fr. Jerome"

Wani lokaci ana adana fitarwarta ko kuma an jera ta kawai a ƙarƙashin "Gertrude Alexander".

Rayuwa

An haifi Gertrud Mathilde Bertha Gaudin a Ruhla, wani karamin gari a cikin tsaunuka a yammacin Gotha . Mahaifinta likita ne. Ta halarci Jami'ar Jena, ta ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Fasaha a Eisenach sannan zuwa Kwalejin Fasaha ta Prussia a Berlin. Ta tallafa wa iliminta ta hanyar aiki a matsayin malamin zane. Ta ci gaba da aiki da aikin koyar da makarantun sakandare a matsayin malamin fasaha har zuwa 1908.

Ta sadu da Eduard Ludwig Alexander (1881-1945) a cikin 1902. Ya kasance dalibi na shari'a a Jena kuma daga baya, daga 1911, lauya ne na Berlin. Gertrud Gaudin da Eduard Ludwig Alexander sun yi aure a Berlin a cikin 1908. Aure ya haifar da yara biyu da aka rubuta, amma ya ƙare a saki a cikin shekarun 1920.

Ta san Clara Zetkin a cikin 1907 kuma ta fara aiki ga jaridar dimokuradiyya ta zamantakewa: daya daga cikin ayyukanta na farko ya haɗa da rubuta jerin labaran a cikin 1909 mai taken "Die Prometheussage" ("The Prometheus Saga") don mujallar labarai ta mata "Die Gleichheit" (""Daidaitawa""). A cikin sunanta na aure, a matsayin Gertrud Alexander, ta zama memba na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) .

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na farko (1914-1918) ta shiga aikin siyasa ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma a cikin 1917 ta kasance co-kafa, tare da mijinta, na Spartacus League wanda ya samo asali ne a matsayin ƙungiyar adawa da yaki a cikin SPD, amma ya zama ya rabu da shi yayin da sakamakon yanke shawara na jagorancin SPD da aka dauka a cikin 1914, don kiran abin da ya kai ga tsagaitaccen siyasa na tsawon lokacin tashin hankali, ya zama mafi tsanani. Yayinda hagu na siyasa ya ci gaba da raguwa, a ƙarshen 1919 Gertrud da Eduard Alexander sun zama mambobin kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Jamus. An tsara jam'iyyar da gangan a kan tsarin da Lenin ya tsara, kuma a cikin sashen Agitprop, Gertrud ya jagoranci sashen al'adu. Ta ɗauki alhakin ƙarin "Feuilleton" a cikin jaridar jam'iyyar Die Rote Fahne ("The Red Flag") .

A lokacin da take edita na "Feuilleton" kari tsakanin 1919 da 1925 kusan 160 daga cikin gudummawarta sun bayyana, kuma an gan ta a matsayin mafi mahimmancin masu sukar fasaha da al'adu a Jam'iyyar Kwaminis. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1923 ta kuma fara aiki a babban sashen Horarwa da Farfaganda na jam'iyyar.

A cikin abin da ake kira muhawara ta Kunstlump, wanda ya tashi a hagu na siyasa a shekarar 1920, Alexander ya dauki matsayi na tsayayya da na John Heartfield da George Grosz. An bayyana kin amincewarta da "Dadaist anti-art" a sarari a cikin jawabinta a kan bude gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Berlin ta Erwin Piscator a ƙarshen 1920.

A cikin 1923, tare da Hermann Duncker da Karl August Wittfogel, ta kirkiro "Shirin Siyasa na Al'adu na Gaggawa na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci". Tare da mijinta da babban ɗanta ta shiga cikin Marxist Work Week (taron) a watan Mayu 1923 wanda ya shirya hanyar kirkirar Cibiyar Nazarin Jama'a ta Frankfurt. A shekara ta 1925 ta koma Moscow (tare da 'ya'yanta maza biyu) daga inda, har zuwa 1930, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Die Rote Fahne ("The Red Flag") . A Moscow an yarda da ita a cikin sakatariyar mata ta Comintern .

A shekara ta 1926 Alexander ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Soviet . Tsakanin 1931 da 1939 ta rike mukamin alhakin tare da "Main Administration for Literary and Publishing Affairs" ("Glavlit" / "Glaвное управление по делам литературы и издательства" / "Главлит") (wanda ya shafi tantancewa). Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin editan siyasa a "Main Moscow National Library" da kuma "Lenin Library". A lokacin Tsarkakewar Stalin an tsare ta a 1937, amma a takaice. Tsakanin 1939 da 1944 an kwashe ta daga Moscow. Bayan yaƙi ya ƙare, a hukumance a watan Mayu 1945, ta kasance a Moscow, tana tallafa wa kanta a matsayin mai fassara mai zaman kanta da kuma bayar da gudummawa ga edita ga Ofishin Bayanai na Soviet da kuma mujallar Soviet Literature, wanda aka samar a Moscow harsuna daban-daban ciki har da, tsakanin 1946 da 1991, Jamusanci.

Gertrud Alexander ya mutu a Moscow a ranar 22 ga Maris 1967. Tana da shekaru 85.