Gertrud Woker
 Gertrud Woker | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa |
Bern (en)  , 16 Disamba 1878 |
| ƙasa | Switzerland |
| Mutuwa |
Marin-Epagnier (en) , 13 Satumba 1968 |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | Philipp Woker |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
chemist (en) |
| Muhimman ayyuka |
The coming poison and fire war and its effects on the civilian population (en) |
| Mamba |
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (en) |
Gertrud Johanna Woker (16 Disamba 1878 - 13 Satumba 1968) ɗan takaran Switzerland ne, masanin kimiyyar halittu da toxicologist, kuma mai fafutukar zaman lafiya . Ta yi rubutu sama da shekaru ashirin tana bayyana illolin sinadarai a jikin mutum. Ta yi kamfen na kin amfani da iskar gas mai guba a yakin.
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Woker a ranar 16 ga Disamba 1878 zuwa tauhidin "Tsohon Katolika" kuma farfesa na tarihi Philipp Woker. [1] Ta fito daga gida mai ilimi sosai, ban da mahaifinta farfesa, kakanta na wajen uwa ya koyar da tarihi. [2] Woker ta so ta ci gaba da karatunta amma mahaifinta ya tura ta Erfurt don koyon girki. Ba tare da damuwa ba, Woker ya yi karatun lissafi a asirce da daddare tare da ɗan'uwan wani ɗalibi. Jagoranci rayuwa biyu ya zama abin gajiyawa kuma Woker ya kamu da rashin lafiya tare da chlorosis, nau'in anemia. [1]
Ilimi da aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Woker ta ci gaba da samun digirinta na digiri na uku da digiri na koyarwa a cikin chemistry, physics da botany daga Jami'ar Berne . [1] Bayan kammala karatunta a 1903, ita ce mace ta farko a Switzerland da ta sami digiri na uku a Jami'ar Berne. Bayan ta dawo Bern, Woker ta kasa samun matsayi a filinta kuma ta zama malamin motsa jiki na makarantar sakandare. Wannan bai daɗe ba, duk da haka, ta zaɓi yin karatu a Jami'ar Berlin a matsayin baƙo, tunda an hana mata zama ɗalibai. [3] Ta koma gida ta yi aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Konstanecki kuma ta hada a-naphthoflavanol, flavanone, da flavone. A shekara ta 1907, ta riƙe taken Probleme der katalytischen Forschung a Jami'ar Bern. [2]
Ba da daɗewa ba aka yi mata alƙawarin samun matsayin Farfesa, wanda zai sa ta zama mace ta farko a Switzerland mai wannan mukami. Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya faɗo kuma gwamnati ta ce saboda matsalar kuɗi ba za su iya tallata ta ba. [4]
Tsakanin 1910 zuwa 1931, Woker ya rubuta littattafai guda huɗu game da haɗarin sinadarai a jikin ɗan adam. Daga 1911 har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya, Woker ita ce shugabar dakin gwaje-gwajen ilimin halittar jiki-sunadarai a Jami'ar Berne. [3] A cikin dakin gwaje-gwajenta, ta gudanar da bincike kan peroxidase da catalase, hanyoyin gano samfuran halitta da kuma halayen launi na musamman akan sterols. [5] Duk da haka, babban abin da ta fi mayar da hankali shi ne iskar gas mai guba a cikin yaki. A shekara ta 1916, an sake hana Woker matsayin farfesa, wannan karon ta hanyar kuri'a da aka haɗa. [4]
A cikin Afrilu 1924, Naima Sahlbom da Woker sun halarci taron Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amirka a Washington . A lokacin da ake yin amfani da makamai masu guba a wani wurin ajiye makamai, sun yi nazari kan tsananin yakin kimiyya. Sakamakon motsin iska, Sahlbom, Woker, da masana kimiyya da dama sun fallasa gas mai sa hawaye. [6] A watan Nuwamba 1924, taron kasa da kasa na hudu na WILPF ya yi taro a Washington, DC A taron, Ester Akesson-Beskow, Sahlbom, da Woker sun sanar da kafa kwamitin yaki da yakin kimiyya, wanda Sahlbom ce shugabar kungiyar. [7] A cikin 1925, Woker ya buga " Yaƙin Guba mai zuwa " kuma ya aika da kira ga Ƙungiyar Mata ta Duniya don Aminci da 'Yanci. Hakan ya faru ne sakamakon fargabar da bangarorin suka yi na daukaka kara kan yarjejeniyar Geneva. Ta damu musamman game da amfani da gas ɗin mustard da kuma tasirin da yake da shi a jiki.
A 1933, an ba ta mukamin Farfesa. Ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 1951 kuma ta rubuta littafi mai girma biyu akan "Chemistry of natural alkaloids 1953-1956". Ta mutu a ranar 13 ga Satumba 1968. [5]
wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wadannan sune jerin zaɓaɓɓun wallafe-wallafe: [8]
- Die Chemie der natürlichen Alkaloide: mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Biogenese
- Sunan mahaifi Katalyse. Die Rolle der Katalyse in der analytischen Chemie
- Kommende Giftgaskrieg
- Kommende Gift- und Brandkrieg und seine Auswirkungen gegenüber der Zivilbevölkerung
- Erwerbsarbeit der Frau da Rassenentwicklung
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Gertrud Jan Woker". epigenesys.eu. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2019. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "x" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Oesper, Ralph E. (1953). "GERTRUD WOKER". Journal of Chemical Education. 30 (9): 435. Bibcode:1953JChEd..30..435O. doi:10.1021/ed030p435. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cite error: Invalid
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<ref>tag; name "Harvey" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Woker, Gertrud Obituary" (PDF). frauen-streiken.ch (in German). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2019.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Obituary" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Woker, Gertrud. "The Next War, a War of Poison Gas". Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1600-2000. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
- ↑ "'Newsletter from Geneva,' November 1924". Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1600-2000. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
- ↑ "Woker, Gertrud". worldcat.org. Retrieved 24 September 2019.