Gertrude Elion
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Gertrade "Trady"[1] Belle Erion (anhaifita a ranar asherin da daya 21 ga watan Fabrairu, shekara ta alif 1999) masaniyar biochemistry da pharmacology ce 'yar Amurka, wadda ta lashe lambar yabo tare da George H. Hitchings da Sir James Black don amfanin su Hanyoyi na ƙirar miyagun ƙwayoyi don haɓaka sababbin magunguna.[2] Wannan sabon hanyar da aka mayar da hankali kan fahimtar makasudin magani maimakon amfani da gwaji da kuskure. Aikinta ya haifar da kirkirar maganin Azt, wanda shine magunguna na farko da cutar kanjamau. Ayyukan da aka sani sun haɗa da ci gaban ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta farko, azathiyo, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don yin watsi da kin amincewa a cikin kantin kan gaba, da kuma na farko na farko da cutar cututtukan cututtukan fata.[3]
Rayuwar baya da karatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haife ta a New York City a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 1918, Robert Elion, Ba'isra'il ta Yahudawa da haƙoran Ba'allah da likitan yahudawa. Iyalinta sun rasa dukiyoyinsu bayan hadarin daji bayan bangon Wall Street na 1929 Lokacin da ta kasance 15, kakananta ya mutu sakamakon ciwon kansa, kuma ya kasance tare da shi a lokacin zamaninsa hurarrun Elion don aiwatar da aiki a cikin Kimiyya da Magunguna a Kwaleji.[4] Ita ce FITA Beta Kappa A Kwalejin Hunter, wanda ta sami damar halartar 'yanci saboda digiri na 1937 tare da digiri a cikin sunadarai. Ba a iya samun aikin bincike ba bayan ya kammala karatun saboda ta zama mace, Majalisa ta yi aiki a matsayin malamin makarantar sakandare kafin ya yi aiki a wani sabon matsayi a wani muhimmin matsayi a wani labistryistry. A ƙarshe, ta sami isasshen kuɗi don halartar Jami'ar New York kuma ta sami M.Sc. A cikin 1941, yayin da yake aiki a matsayin malamin makarantar sakandare a rana.[5] A cikin tambayoyin bayan sun karbi kyautar NAEL, ta bayyana cewa ta yi imani da dalilin da ya kamata ta kasance saboda ta sami damar zuwa Kwalejin kungiyar ta kyauta. Aikace-aikacen Taimako na Gina Gashi na Siyarwa don Sakataren Makaranta, don haka ta yi rajista a cikin Sakatawar Sadarwa, inda ta halarci makonni shida kawai kafin ta sami aiki.[6]: 65
Rayuwar gida
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan kammala karatu daga Kwaejin Hunter, Elion ta hadu da Leonard Canter, wani babban ɗalibin ƙididdiga a Kwalejin New York (CCNY). Sun yi niyyar yin aure, amma Leonard din ya kamu da rashin lafiya. A 25 ga Yuni, 1941, ya mutu daga ƙwayoyin cutar endocarditis, kwayar cutar da ta kama zuciyarsa. A wani intabiyu game da littafinta, ta bayyana cewa hakan ya kara mata karfin gwiwar zama masaniyar kimiyyar bincike da magunguna.[7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Gertrude Elion | Jewish Women's Archive". jwa.org. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- ↑ Adams, Patrick, Meet the woman who gave the world antiviral drugs, National Geographic, August 31, 2020
- ↑ Kresge, Nicole; Simoni, Robert D.; Hill, Robert L. (May 9, 2008). "Developing the Purine Nucleoside Analogue Acyclovir: the Work of Gertrude B. Elion". J. Biol. Chem. 283 (19): e11. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(20)59806-2. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
- ↑ Avery, Mary Ellen (2008). "Gertrude Belle Elion. 23 January 1918 – 21 February 1999". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 54: 161–168. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2007.0051.
- ↑ Avery, Mary Ellen (December 12, 2008). "Gertrude Belle Elion. 23 January 1918 — 21 February 1999". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 54: 161–168. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2007.0051. ISSN 0080-4606.
- ↑ Stille, Darlene R. (1995). Extraordinary Women Scientists. Childrens Press
- ↑ McDowell, Julie L. (2002). "A lifetime quest for a cure" (PDF). Modern Drug Discovery (October): 51–52. Retrieved February 14, 2018.