Gevuina
| Gevuina | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Conservation status | |
 LC (mul)  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Order | Proteales (mul)  |
| Dangi | Proteaceae (mul) |
| Genus | Gevuina (mul)
|
| jinsi | Gevuina avellana Molina, 1782
|
| General information | |
| Tsatso |
Chilean hazelnut oil (en) |
Samfuri:Taxobox/coreSamfuri:Speciesbox/parameterCheck
'''''Gevuina avellana, wanda aka fi sani da Hazelnut na Chile' (avellano chileno a cikin Mutanen Espanya) ko Gevuina hazelnut, itace ne mai tsayi har zuwa mita 20 (mita 65) tsayi. Ita ce kawai jinsin da aka rarraba a halin yanzu a cikin jinsin Gevuina . Yana da asali a kudancin Chile da kwarin da ke kusa da shi a Argentina. Ana samunsa daga matakin teku zuwa mita 700 (2,300 feet) sama da matakin teku. Rarraba ta kai daga 35 ° zuwa 44 ° kudu latitude. [A] ganye da aka hada suna da kore mai haske kuma suna da hakora, kuma itacen yana cikin fure tsakanin Yuli da Nuwamba. Furen suna da ƙananan gaske kuma suna da beige zuwa fari, suna da bisexual kuma suna da rukuni biyu da biyu a cikin dogon racemes. 'Ya'yan itace suna da ja mai duhu lokacin da suke matasa kuma suna baƙi. Fuskar ita ce itace.[1] Zai iya girma madaidaiciya ko reshe daga ƙasa, yana yin ko dai itace ko itace.[1]
Sunan Gevuina ya fito ne daga guevin, sunan asalin Mapuche na hazel na Chile.[2] Asalin sunan Mutanen Espanya, avellano ya fito ne daga gaskiyar cewa mazauna Mutanen Espanya sun sami kwayoyin da suka yi kama da hazelnuts da suka sani daga Turai. Duk da haka jinsunan ba su da alaƙa sosai.[1]
Yawan Gevuina avellana a cikin gandun daji ba daidai ba ne kuma yana da wuyar hangowa. Yana iya girma a kan fili ko tuddai, a cikin yumɓu ko ƙasa mai duwatsu.[1] Yawancin lokaci, Gevuina avellana yana girma tare da wasu bishiyoyi masu fadi kamar Nothofagus obliqua, Nothofagus dombeyi, Nothofagus alpina, Nothofagus glauca ko Laureliopsis . [1] Duk da haka yana girma a cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin rinjaye na conifers Austrocedrus, Fitzroya da Pilgerodendron . [1] Saboda haka Gevuina avellana ba ta samar da tsarkaka.[1]
Tarihin lissafi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gevuina wani nau'i ne na ko dai nau'in 1 ko 3 na dangin Proteaceae . A wasu rarrabuwa, an gane Gevuinia tare da nau'o'i uku: daya a cikin Australia ([./<i id= Gevuina]_bleasdalei" id="mwdA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gevuina bleasdalei">Gevuina bleasdalei), wani a New Guinea (Gevuina papuana), da kuma nau'i daya a Chile (Gevuin avellana). Sauran rahotanni na lissafi sun sanya nau'in Australiya da New Guinea a cikin jinsin Bleasdalea ko kuma a cikin jinsunan Fijian Turrillia, kuma sun bar Gevuina tare da 'Gevuina avellana' kawai. Flora na Ostiraliya yana riƙe da waɗannan nau'o'in 2 a cikin Gevuinia, amma rarrabuwa ta baya-bayan nan ta sanya nau'in Australiya da New Guinea a matsayin Bleasdalea bleasdalei da B. Papuana Sauran binciken sun nuna cewa Gevuina na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da Australiya Cardwellia.[3][4] Tsohon kakannin duka biyun sun warwatse a fadin gadar ƙasar Antarctic a lokacin Eocene.[5]
Amfani da noma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana cin tsaba ba tare da an dafa shi ba, an dafa shi a cikin ruwan tafasa ko kuma an gasa shi. Kwayoyin suna dauke da kusan kashi 12 cikin dari na furotin, kashi 49 cikin dari na mai, da kashi 24 cikin dari na carbohydrates.[6] Iri yana da babban taro na mai monounsaturated kuma ana samunsa don dalilai da yawa a Chile. Yana da wadataccen Antioxidants kamar bitamin E (α-tocotrienol) da β-carotene. Mansa wani sinadarin ne a wasu kayan rufe rana. Ana amfani da man Gevuina a matsayin sinadarin kayan shafawa don halayensa masu narkewa kuma saboda tushen Omega 7 fatty acids ne (palmitoleic acid). [7] Samar da tsaba na iya bambanta sosai daga itace zuwa itace. Shuka kuma tushen cetoleic acid ne, wani rare fatty acid.
Itacen itace shuka zuma mai kyau ga ƙudan zuma kuma ana noma shi azaman tsiron ado. Kwayoyin iri sun ƙunshi tannin da ake amfani da su don tanning fata. Itacen yana da juriyar sanyi mai karɓuwa (aƙalla -12 °C (10 °F)) lokacin da ya girma. Itacen yana da launin kirim tare da ɗigon launin ruwan kasa mai duhu kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin kabad da kayan kida. An gabatar da shi zuwa Burtaniya a cikin 1826. Ya girma sosai a can, a Ireland da New Zealand da California. Ana noma ƴan samfurori a Spain[1] da kuma a cikin Pacific Northwest na Amurka.[2] Yana girma da kyau a yanayin yanayin teku mai sanyi tare da yanayin sanyi inda sanyi yakan faru a lokacin hunturu, kuma ya bunƙasa a kudancin New Zealand. Yana buƙatar shekaru 5 don girbi na farko da shekaru 7 ko 8 don cikakken samarwa. A Seattle, Washington, squirrels da tsuntsaye suna cin iri daga bishiyoyi. Ana haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan amfanin gona fiye da na asali na daji a Chile da New Zealand. [ana yanayi hujja]
Ya zuwa shekara ta 1982, an tattara ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin daji ne kawai don sarrafawa.
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]-
Leaves and flowers -
Twig -
Flowers and fruits -
Fallen nuts
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Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayanai
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Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedinformefinal82 - ↑ "Gevuina avellana". Enciclopedia de la Flora Chilena. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
- ↑ "ABRS Flora of Australia Online Search Results". www.anbg.gov.au. Archived from the original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
- ↑ Weston; Barker, Nigel P. (2008). "A new suprageneric classification of the Proteaceae, with an annotated checklist of genera". Telopea. 11 (3): 339.
- ↑ van den Ende, Conrad; White, Lloyd T.; van Welzen, Peter C. (2017-04-01). "The existence and break-up of the Antarctic land bridge as indicated by both amphi-Pacific distributions and tectonics". Gondwana Research. 44: 219–227. Bibcode:2017GondR..44..219V. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2016.12.006. ISSN 1342-937X.
- ↑ Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications 1990 ISBN 0-9628087-0-9
- ↑ Bertoli, C.; et al. (1998). "Characterization of Chilean hazelnut (Gevuina avellana Mol) seed oil". Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 75 (8): 1037–1040. doi:10.1007/s11746-998-0283-5. S2CID 81540094.
Tushen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Rodríguez, Roberto; Mathei, Oscar da Quezada, Max. 1983. Tsire-tsire na Chile. Jami'ar Concepción. 408 shafi na
- [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Itacen asalin Chile. Jagoran bincike. Fitowa ta 4. Marisa Cuneo Ediciones, Valdivia, Chile. 136 shafi na 136.
- [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] Tsire-tsire na daji na Chile yankin Araucana. Fitowa ta 4. Editions Fundación Claudio Gay, Santiago, Chile. 258 shafi na biyu
- Muñoz, M. 1980. Flora na Gidan shakatawa na Puyehue. Editorial Jami'ar, Santiago, Chile. 557 shafi na biyu
- "Gevuina avellana". Enciclopedia de la Flora Chilena. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
- "Gevuina avellana in Scotland". PlantenTuin Esveld. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
- "Gevuina avellana: Potential for commercial nuts". Acta Horticulturae. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
- "A cool climate nut of the Proteaceae plant tropical family" (PDF). New Zealand Crop & Food Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-14. Retrieved 2009-06-27.