Gidajen shakatawa na Kanada
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Parks Kanada ( French ) ita ce hukumar Gwamnatin Kanada wacce ke kula da wuraren shakatawa na kasa guda 37, wuraren kiyaye ruwa na ruwa guda uku, wuraren tarihi na kasa 172, Park Urban National ( Rouge ), da Alamar Kasa guda ɗaya ( Pingo ). Hakanan tana kula da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda 11 (National Park Reserves). An wajabta Parks Kanada don "kare da gabatar da misalan misalan al'adun gargajiya da na al'adun Kanada, da haɓaka fahimtar jama'a, godiya, da jin daɗin jama'a ta hanyoyin da za su tabbatar da amincin muhallinsu da tunawa da al'ummomin yanzu da na gaba ". [1]
Har ila yau hukumar tana kula da filaye da ruwan da aka kebe a matsayin filayen shakatawa na kasa, da suka hada da gandun dajin na kasa guda goma da kuma wani yanki na kiyaye ruwa na kasa daya. Fiye da 450,000 square kilometres (170,000 sq mi) na filaye da ruwa a cikin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da wuraren kiyaye ruwa na ƙasa an keɓe don irin waɗannan dalilai. [2] Parks Canada tare da haɗin gwiwa suna kula da mafi yawan yankunan da aka karewa da wuraren tarihi tare da abokan ƴan asalin ƙasar . [3] Rejista na Kanada na wuraren Tarihi yana samun tallafi da kulawa da hukumar, tare da haɗin gwiwar gwamnatocin larduna da yankuna da sauran hukumomin tarayya. Haka kuma hukumar ita ce bangaren aiki na hukumar kula da wuraren tarihi da abubuwan tarihi na kasa, wanda ke ba da shawarar wuraren tarihi na kasa, abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma mutane .
Ministan muhalli da sauyin yanayi ( Steven Guilbeault tun daga 2021) ne ke da alhakin hukumar, kuma babban jami'in gudanarwarta (Ron Hallman tun daga 2019) ke kula da ita. Kasafin kudin hukumar ya kai CA$1.3 biliyan a cikin kasafin kuɗi na 2020-2021 kuma ta ɗauki ma'aikatan gwamnati 4,666 a cikin Maris 2021. [4]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa Parks Canada a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1911, a matsayin Reshen Parks na Dominion a ƙarƙashin Sashen Cikin Gida, ya zama sabis na wurin shakatawa na farko a duniya. Tun lokacin da aka halicce shi, sunansa ya canza, wanda aka sani daban-daban a matsayin Reshe na Dominion Parks, National Parks Branch, Parks Canada, Environment Canada - Parks Branch, da Canadian Parks Service, kafin a koma Parks Canada a 1998. Ayyukan sabis suna kayyade a ƙarƙashin doka kamar Dokar Kasuwancin Kanada ta Kanada, da Hukumar Kula da Gidajen Gida a Kanada a halin yanzu. 1998. [5]
Don bikin cika shekaru 150 na Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai a cikin 2017, Parks Canada ya ba da izinin shiga kyauta [6] zuwa wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da wuraren tarihi na ƙasa na shekara.
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amincewar jama'a da tilastawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Park Wardens na kare albarkatun kasa da na al'adu ta hanyar gudanar da sintiri na gandun daji na kasa, wuraren tarihi na kasa da wuraren kiyaye ruwa na kasa. Suna tabbatar da amincin ma'aikata, baƙi da mazauna, kuma suna gudanar da ayyukan aiwatar da dabarun da nufin tabbatar da zaman lafiya na jama'a, kariyar albarkatu, jin daɗin baƙi da bin tsarin gudanarwa. An sanya su ƙarƙashin sashe na 18 na dokar gandun daji na Kanada a matsayin Park Wardens kuma jami'an zaman lafiya ne kamar yadda ka'idojin laifuka suka ayyana . Suna ɗauke da bindigogi da zaɓin shiga tsakani mara sa mutuwa.
Haka kuma ministar na iya nada jami’an tsaro na lardi da na kananan hukumomi a karkashin sashe na 19 na dokar don aiwatar da dokoki a cikin wuraren shakatawa da aka kayyade. Waɗannan jami'an suna da ikon jami'an zaman lafiya ne kawai dangane da Dokar .
A cikin Mayu 2012, an ba da rahoton cewa Park Wardens na iya ƙetare don tilasta wasu ayyukan namun daji da Muhalli Kanada ke gudanarwa. Idan nadin ya ci gaba zai kasance na Park Wardens ne kawai waɗanda ke kusa da wuraren tsaunuka masu ƙaura. [7]
Ainihin manufar canjin ita ce a ba da izinin amsa cikin sauri da rahusa ga abubuwan da suka faru na tilasta muhalli, musamman a yankuna masu nisa a arewa inda Muhalli Kanada ba ta da ci gaba, amma Parks Canada tana da Park Warden a kusa wanda zai iya yin aiki a madadinsa, maimakon muhallin Kanada ya amsa daga wani ofishi mai nisa. [8]
Sa ido kan ingancin muhalli
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bisa ga rahoton Panel on Ecological Integrity Report a cikin 2000, "tunanin kiyaye yanayi mara lahani ya kasance wani ɓangare na doka ta wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa tun 1930". Kalmar "mummunan muhalli" an sanya shi a cikin gyare-gyare na 1988 ga Dokar Parks na kasa amma ya kasance a cikin manufofin shakatawa tun a farkon 1979. [9] The Panel on Ecological Integrity Report ya ba da ma'anar da ke gaba: "Tsarin yanayi yana da mutunci lokacin da aka kwatanta shi da halayyar yankinsa na halitta, ciki har da tsarin da kuma yawan canje-canje na al'ummomi da nau'o'in [10] Akwai babban adadin muhawara game da ma'anar amincin muhalli. Kamar yadda ake iya gani ta hanyar juyin halitta na kalmar, mutuncin muhalli yana da tushe sosai a cikin ra'ayi na symbiosis, dorewa, da cikakken ayyukan gudanarwa. Akwai mahawara mai ma'ana da ta shafi ma'anar kalmar a duniyar ilimi kuma. Alal misali, "[mutuncin muhalli] yana da matsayi mai girma na ƙwarewar harshe kuma ya kamata a sami kalubale na shari'a don amfani da shi, babu wani ma'anar ma'anar daidai da ma'anarsa [11] ". Ko da kuwa ma'anar ma'anar kalmar, akwai wasu abubuwa na yau da kullum, "Akwai, duk da haka, wasu abubuwa na yau da kullum da aka samo a cikin ma'anoni da yawa: dabi'a, cikakke, ci gaba ta hanyar lokaci [12] ".
Bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kwanan nan na <i id="mwmg">Dokar Kula da Gidajen Kanada SC 2000, c.32</i> . , Parks Canada ne ke da alhakin daidaiton muhalli na duk wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa . Don yin la'akari da sashe na 8 (2): "Kiyayewa ko maido da amincin muhalli ta hanyar kare albarkatun kasa da tsarin halitta, zai zama fifiko na farko na Ministan lokacin da aka yi la'akari da duk abubuwan da suka shafi kula da wurin shakatawa [13] "( Dokar Kanada National Parks, 2000 ) . Wannan doka ta sanya ƙarin nauyi akan Parks Canada Agency don aiwatar da ingantaccen tsarin kiyayewa da sa ido kan tushen kimiyya.
Bayan buga Panel akan Rahoton Mutuncin Muhalli a cikin 2000, Hukumar Parks Canada ta fitar da Matsayi akan Ci gaban Hukumar tun Farko na Farko a 2008 a matsayin martani. Wani babban ci gaba da aka ambata shi ne aiwatar da manufofin da ake buƙata don wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa don ba da rahoto game da yanayin amincin muhalli a duk bayan shekaru biyar, tare da taƙaita rahotanni daga shirye-shiryen sa ido a wurin. An tsara wannan rahoton na Jiha don tabbatar da yin lissafi a tsarin gudanarwa na Hukumar Parks Canada. A cikin kalmomin marubucin, "Rahoton Jihar Park shine tsarin da ake ba da lissafi ga Masu Kula da Sashen Filin don bayar da rahoto ga Shugaba game da cimma burin aiwatar da Tsare-tsare na Hukumar da ke da alaƙa da kiyayewa da haɓaka amincin muhalli [14] ". Baya ga wannan garambawul, Parks Canada ta kuma sabunta tare da fitar da jagorar Hukumar Gudanar da Tsare-tsare a cikin 2008 don sake fasalin hukumar da tabbatar da cewa za a iya amfani da wannan sabuwar dabarar hadewar ga dukkan wuraren shakatawa na kasa.
Tare da waɗannan canje-canjen, Parks Canada bisa ƙa'ida ya fara sa ido don amincin muhalli a cikin 2008 kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa yau. Waɗannan gyare-gyaren sun yi daidai da lura da Ofishin Babban Auditor na Kanada a cikin rahoton 2005 na Kwamishinan Muhalli da Ci gaba mai dorewa. Misali, "Alamomin amincin muhalli na 6 zuwa 8 na kowane wurin shakatawa na ƙasa suna auna lafiyar wuraren shakatawa na Kanada ta hanyar ba da rahoto game da yanayin yanayin da yanayin mai nuna alama (ingantawa, kwanciyar hankali ko raguwa) akan lokaci". [15] Wannan shirin sa ido kan ingancin muhalli yana taƙaita yanayin yanayin yanayin wurin shakatawa ta amfani da "mai kyau, adalci, matalauta". Shirin Sa ido kan Mutuncin Muhalli na Parks Canada ya dogara ne akan wallafe-wallafe guda uku: Sa ido da Ba da Rahoton Mutuncin Muhalli a cikin gandun gandun daji na Kanada Juzu'i na I: Ka'idodin Jagoranci (2005) da takaddun tarawa, juzu'i na 2: Jagoran-Mataki na wurin shakatawa don Kafa EI Sa Ido (2007), Ƙarfafa Jagororin Kulawa na Kasa a Kanada. (2011).
Ƙididdiga na kwanan nan na jagororin don sa ido kan ingancin muhalli, Ƙarfafa Sharuɗɗa don Kula da Mutuncin Muhalli a cikin wuraren shakatawa na Kanada, ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfi da tushen kimiyya. Wasu daga cikin fitattun abubuwan ingantawa sun haɗa da haɗaɗɗen canjin yanayin da aka ƙera don nuna ko alamar tana tabarbarewa, kwanciyar hankali ko ingantawa. Bugu da kari, hada da ƙididdiga masu ƙididdigewa don ƙayyade yanayin mai nuna alama zai ba da damar samun ingantaccen sakamako. Ƙarshe, haɗar Tsarin Iceberg don Alamar EI yana ba da cikakkiyar tsari, yana haɓaka cikakken sakamako.
Ɗaya daga cikin wallafe-wallafen Parks Canada na baya-bayan nan, Alamomin Dorewawar Muhalli na Kanada: Mutuncin Muhalli na wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa (2018), ya nuna yadda yunƙurin Parks Canada na kwanan nan ya kasance. ƙwararrun dabarun tushen kimiyya suna ba da damar samun ingantattun sakamako kuma a ƙarshe, ingantacciyar gudanarwa. Wannan daftarin aiki, da duk sakamakon, sun dogara ne akan kimanta yanayin halittu 118 a cikin wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa 42 a duk faɗin Kanada. Hukumar Parks Canada ta yi iƙirarin cewa kashi 68 cikin ɗari na wuraren shakatawa da aka gwada suna cikin yanayi mai kyau, kashi 20 cikin 100 masu adalci, kashi 17 cikin ɗari matalauta. Bugu da ƙari kuma, daga cikin 118 muhallin da aka yi samfur, 69 bisa dari na da kwanciyar hankali, 19.5 bisa dari suna inganta kuma 12 bisa dari suna raguwa, bisa ga Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators: Ecological Integrity of National Parks . Wannan ingantaccen ci gaba ne, la'akari da cewa a cikin 2000, 54 kashi 100 na wuraren shakatawa suna fama da wani nau'i na manyan matsalolin muhalli ko matsananciyar yanayi. A cikin 2018, akwai mahalli guda 12 da aka ƙididdige su a matsayin matalauta, alamun EI 20 na raguwa, musamman gandun daji da wuraren ruwa. Gabaɗaya, wannan haɓakawa shaida ce ga abin da shirin sa ido kan ingancin muhalli na Hukumar Parks Canada ke da iko.
Parka (mascot)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Parka, yar beaver, ita ce mascot na Parks Canada. [16] An shirya jerin gajeren wando mai rairayi da tauraro a gidan yanar gizon kungiyar kuma an watsa su a talabijin a matsayin masu shiga tsakani .
Ƙungiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa Hukumar Parks Canada a matsayin cibiyar sabis na daban a cikin 1998 kuma ta faɗi ƙarƙashin alhakin Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi Kanada . Kafin 2003, Parks Canada (a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban) ya faɗi ƙarƙashin ikon Ma'aikatar Tarihi ta Kanada, inda ya kasance tun 1994. Daga 1979 zuwa 1994, Parks Canada wani ɓangare ne na Ma'aikatar Muhalli, kuma kafin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Sashen Harkokin Indiya da Arewacin (1966 zuwa 1978), da Sashen Cikin Gida. Tare da sauye-sauyen ƙungiyoyi da jagoranci na siyasa a Kanada, abubuwan da suka fi dacewa na Parks Canada sun canza a cikin shekaru fiye da yadda ake kiyayewa da kuma ci gaba. [17] Tun daga cikin 1960s, Parks Canada kuma ta ƙaura don rarraba ayyukanta. [17]
| Suna [18] | Lokaci |
|---|---|
| JB Harkin | 1911-1936 |
| Frank Williamson | 1936-1941 |
| James Smart | 1941-1953 |
| JA Hutchison | 1953-1957 |
| JKB Coleman | 1957-1968 |
| Jack Nicol | 1968-1978 |
| Al Davidson | 1978-1985 |
| JD Collinson | 1985-1990 |
| A. Lefebvre-Anglin | 1990-1993 |
| Tom Lee | 1993-2002 |
| Alan Latourelle | 2002-2015 |
| Daniel Watson | 2015-2018 |
| Michael Nadler | 2018-2019 |
| Ron Hallman | 2019 - yanzu |
Dokoki, ƙa'idodi da allon
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Parks Canada Agency Act (SC 1998, c. 31); [5]
- Dokar Kariya na Hasken Gado (SC 2008, c. 16); [19]
- Dokar Shafukan Tarihi da Mujallar Tarihi (RSC, 1985, c. H-4), [20] wanda ke ba da ikon Shafukan Tarihi da Hukumar Monuments na Kanada don ba da shawara ga Ministan Muhalli game da zayyana wuraren Tarihi na Ƙasa, Abubuwan Tarihi na Ƙasa, da Mutanen Tarihi na Ƙasa.
- Dokar Kare Tashoshin Railway na Heritage (RSC, 1985, c. 52), [21] wanda ke sa irin waɗannan gine-gine su faɗo a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Gidajen Tarihi da Monuments;
- Tsarin kogin Kanada na Heritage, wanda aka ayyana ƙarƙashin Dokar Hukumar Parks Canada, kuma wacce ke mulki
- 37 Kanada Heritage Rivers
- Dokar Yankunan Kare Ruwan Ruwa ta Kanada, wacce ke mulkin Yankunan kiyaye ruwa na ƙasa
- Dokar Kula da Parks ta Kanada, wacce ke ƙirƙirar wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa . Duba kuma Jerin wuraren shakatawa na Kanada
- Dokar Gidan Laurier, RSC 1952, c. 163
- Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park Dokar
- Dokokin Canals na Tarihi, [22] wanda ke mulkin
- Rideau Canal ciki har da Tay Canal ;
- Trent-Severn Waterway ciki har da
- Murray Canal, wanda ke gudana tsakanin tafkin Ontario da Bay na Quinte ;
- Sault Ste. Marie Canal ;
- Canal na Saint-Mu;
- Canal Canal ;
- Canal na Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue ;
- Canal na Carillon ;
- Canal Lachine ;
- Canal St. Peters .
Sashen Al'adun Kanada, wanda ke gudanar da Gidajen tarihi na tarayya, da shirye-shiryen al'adun gargajiya da na al'adu, yana ƙarƙashin ikon Ministan Al'adun Kanada .
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada (January 4, 2018). "The Parks Canada Mandate and Charter". www.pc.gc.ca. Retrieved January 10, 2019.
- ↑ "Parks Canada celebrates 100 years of world-class conservation and further protects historic gr". wwf.ca. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ↑ Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada (2019-07-26). "Indigenous Affairs Branch – Indigenous relations at Parks Canada". www.pc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
- ↑ "GC InfoBase". www.tbs-sct.gc.ca (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-12-31.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Branch, Legislative Services. "Consolidated federal laws of canada, Parks Canada Agency Act". laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. Archived from the original on January 14, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2018. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Free Parks Canada passes costing $5.7 million". globalnews.ca. Archived from the original on January 8, 2017. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
- ↑ "Wardens may extend expertise outside parks – Local News – Rocky Mountain Outlook". Rocky Mountain Outlook. Archived from the original on May 18, 2014.
- ↑ "Finance Committee on May 17th, 2012 – openparliament.ca". openparliament.ca. Archived from the original on August 19, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ↑ "Panel on Ecological Integrity Report". November 8, 2017.
- ↑ "Panel on Ecological Integrity, 2000". November 8, 2017.
- ↑ "Ecological Integrity: A Relevant Concept for International Environmental Law in the Anthropocene?". [Yearbook of International Environmental Law].
- ↑ Rohwer, Yasha; Marris, Emma (2021). "Ecosystem integrity is neither real nor valuable". Conservation Science and Practice. 3 (4). Bibcode:2021ConSP...3E.411R. doi:10.1111/csp2.411.
- ↑ "Canada National Parks Act, 2000". September 4, 2019.
- ↑ "Status on Agency Progress since First Priority". March 17, 2010.
- ↑ "Status on Agency Progress since First Priority". March 17, 2010.
- ↑ Canada, Parks Canada Agency, Government of. "Parka, our mascot". www.pc.gc.ca. Archived from the original on January 2, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedhildebrant-1995 - ↑ "Leaders of Parks Canada". Parks Canada History. January 23, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- ↑ Branch, Legislative Services (May 29, 2010). "Consolidated federal laws of canada, Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act". laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. Archived from the original on January 14, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ↑ Branch, Legislative Services (December 12, 2013). "Consolidated federal laws of canada, Historic Sites and Monuments Act". laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. Archived from the original on January 14, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ↑ Branch, Legislative Services (February 24, 2005). "Consolidated federal laws of canada, Heritage Railway Stations Protection Act". laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. Archived from the original on October 1, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ↑ Branch, Legislative Services. "Consolidated federal laws of canada, Historic Canals Regulations". laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. Archived from the original on January 14, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2018.