Gidan gawawwaki na Amenhotep III

Gidan gawawwaki na Amenhotep III
house of millions of years (en) da archaeological site (en)
Bayanai
Bangare na	Theban Necropolis
Al'ada	Tsohuwar Masar
Ƙasa	Misra
Service entry (en)	14 century "BCE"
Wuri
25°43′17″N 32°36′31″E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Misra
Governorate of Egypt (en)	Luxor Governorate (en)

Haikali na gawawwaki na Amenhotep III, wanda kuma aka sani da Kom el-Hettân, babban masanin injiniya Amenhotep, ɗan Hapu, ya gina shi don Fir'auna Amenhotep III a lokacin daular 18th na Sabuwar Mulki. Haikalin gawarwakin yana kan gabar yammacin kogin Nilu, daura da birnin Luxor na gabacin bankin. A lokacinsa, Haikali na gawawwaki na Amenhotep III shine babban rukunin jana'izar a Thebes da aka gina. Sassan tsarin haikalin gawarwakin ne kawai ya rage, da kuma Colossi na Memnon, waɗanda manyan mutum-mutumin dutse ne na Amenhotep III da danginsa waɗanda ke gadin ƙofar mai tsayin mita 18 (ƙafa 59). Domin an gina haikalin gawarwakin kusa da kogin, ambaliya ta shekara-shekara ta sa wurin ya lalace da sauri. Wani sabon bincike ya nuna cewa mafi yawan lalacewar haikalin gawarwakin ana iya danganta shi da sakamakon girgizar kasa.[3] An dade ana hasashe cewa girgizar kasar ta faru a wajen shekara ta 27 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa; duk da haka, binciken da aka yi a cikin haikalin gawawwaki da kuma kewayen Colossi sun yi watsi da wannan lokacin kuma a maimakon haka sun nuna ya faru a kusan 1200 BC. Ƙarin girgizar asa bayan wanda ya faru a shekara ta 1200 BC ba a kawar da shi ba. Colossi na Memnon da Amenhotep III Haikali Project sun taimaka wajen kiyaye shafin gwargwadon yiwuwa.

Tarihin hakowa

Dokta Hourig Sourouzian shi ne babban mai hakar ma'adinai a farkon shekarun 2000, kuma Dr. Zahi Hawass ya ziyarci wurin, kodayake a baya an hako haikalin gawarwaki a karshen shekarun 1900. Laurent Bavay yayi nazari akan tukwane daga lokutan hakowa na 1999-2002 a wurin. Myriam Seco Álvarez ya share zauren Hypostyle. Haikalin gawarwakin ya yi tonawa da yawa tun farkon shekarun 2000, waɗanda suka sami sabbin bayanai, waɗanda suka haɗa da bangon arewa, ɓangarorin granite marasa adon, Kushites a matsayin waɗanda aka ɗaure, jerin garuruwan Nubian da ke kewaye da Kogin Nilu, da jajayen mutum-mutumi masu girma. Binciken binciken geoarchaeological na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa an gina babban kusurwar haikalin a kan wani tudun halitta, tsayin daka wanda ya tsaya da kyau sama da matakin ambaliya na zamanin Sabon Mulki. A sakamakon haka, yankin Haikali a ƙarshen yamma ya tsaya tsayi kuma ya bushe mafi yawan lokaci kuma da zai kasance ƙarƙashin ambaliya kawai a lokacin bala'in ambaliyar ruwa da ba kasafai ba. Wani muhimmin binciken da wannan aikin ya yi shi ne reshen kogin Nilu da ba a san shi ba a baya a gefen yammacin kwarin Nilu. Ya gudu kusan kudu –arewa tare da Kolossi na Memnon da aka sanya a gabar yamma na kogin, yana ba da ƙofar kogi mai ban mamaki zuwa rukunin Haikali. Daga nan sai wannan reshe ya bi ta arewa daura da Ramesseum da sauran wuraren ajiye gawa kafin ya koma gabas ya koma babban tashar kogin Nilu a wani wuri daura da Haikalin Karnak. Wataƙila an yi amfani da wannan reshe a cikin bukukuwan jerin gwano iri-iri waɗanda ke da alaƙa da haikalin gabas da yamma. Wataƙila an yi amfani da ita don isar da kayan gini zuwa wurin, gami da manyan mutum-mutumi.