Gidan shakatawa na Maud
 Gidan shakatawa na Maud | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Boston, 25 ga Janairu, 1871 |
| ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Mutuwa |
Reading (en)  , 8 Mayu 1955 |
| Karatu | |
| Makaranta |
Radcliffe College (en) 1898) Doane Stuart School (en) 1887) |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
Malami, Mai kare hakkin mata da suffragist (en) |
Maud Wood Park (Janairu 25, 1871 - Mayu 8, 1955) 'yar asalin Amurka ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. [1]
Bayani game da aikinta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haife ta ne a Boston, Massachusetts . [1] A shekara ta 1887 ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar St. Agnes a Albany, New York, bayan haka ta koyar da shekaru takwas kafin ta halarci Kwalejin Radcliffe. Yayinda take can ta auri Charles Edward Park . [1] Ta kammala karatu daga Radcliffe, inda ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibai biyu kawai waɗanda suka goyi bayan zaɓen mata, a cikin 1898. [2] A shekara ta 1900 ta halarci taron Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasar Amirka, inda ta gano cewa, tana da shekaru 29, ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta a wurin. Park ta yanke shawarar jawo hankalin matasa mata zuwa kungiyar kuma, tare da Inez Haynes Gillmore, sun kafa Kwalejin Equal Suffrage League . Ta ziyarci kwalejoji don inganta shi, kuma ta fara surori a jihohi talatin.[2][3][4] Ta kuma shirya Kungiyar Kwalejin Kwalejin Kasa a cikin 1908. [5][3]
Park ta kasance abokiyar wata 'yar Amurka, Carrie Chapman Catt, wacce ta dauki ta don kamfen a Washington, DC don Kwaskwarimar goma sha tara, wanda shine gyare-gyaren da ke tabbatar da' yancin mata na Amurka.[1] A cikin 1901 Park ta zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government (BESAGG), wanda ya zama League of Women Voters of Boston lokacin da aka tabbatar da Kwaskwarimar ta goma sha tara a cikin 1920.[6] Ta kasance babban sakataren BESAGG na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu. A shekara ta 1920 Park ta zama shugabar farko ta League of Women Voters, matsayin da ta rike har sai da ta yi murabus a 1924 saboda dalilai na kiwon lafiya.[1][2][7] Daga 1925 har zuwa 1928 ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga majalisa.[2]
Park kuma ta shirya kungiyar lobbying da aka sani da Kwamitin Majalisar Mata a 1924, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabarta. Wannan rukuni ya taimaka wajen aiwatar da Dokar Sheppard-Towner ta 1921 da Dokar Cable ta 1922, dukansu biyu sun inganta haƙƙin mata.[2][5] Park ya fara "ƙofar gaba," hanyar kai tsaye ga lobbying wanda ke nuna manufa ta mata.[5] Ta rubuta littafin Front Door Lobby . Gidan shakatawa na gaba. (An Account of the Achievement of Woman Suffrage in the United States), tare da Edna Lamprey Stantial, wanda a ƙarshe aka buga a cikin 1960. Ta kuma rubuta wasan Lucy Stone, wanda aka fara samarwa a 1939 a Boston.[2]
Rayuwa da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Park ta halarci Kwalejin Radcliffe inda farfesa da abokan karatunta suka yi adawa da 'yancin mata ko kuma ba su da sha'awar hakan.[1] Da yake tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mata na kwaleji da ke sha'awar zaɓen, an gayyace ta don yin magana a Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association shekara-shekara a lokacin babban shekarunta.[1] Yayinda take Radcliffe, ta sadu kuma daga baya ta auri Charles Edward Park; ya mutu a 1904. Ta auri Robert Freeman Hunter a asirce a shekara ta 1908.[2] Ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a 1928.
Aiki tare da Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasar Amirka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga 1917 zuwa 1919, Park ta jagoranci kokarin lobbying na majalisa na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasar Amirka inda aikinta shine samun amincewar majalisa game da gyaran mata. Park ta horar da masu sa kai da suka ziyarci Washington, DC don yin kira ga wakilan majalisa da kuma daidaita kokarin yin kira ga kungiyar. Ta haɓaka dabaru don samun gyare-gyaren da aka zartar da ciki har da adana bayanan rayuwa da na sirri na membobin majalisa.
Saboda yakin duniya na, Majalisa kawai tana muhawara kan batutuwan da suka shafi yaki a wannan lokacin, amma ta hanyar halayenta, Park ta sami damar samun kwamiti na musamman kan zaɓen mata da za a kafa. Wannan kwamitin ya amince da gyaran mata wanda Majalisar Wakilai ta amince da shi a 1918. Majalisar Dattijai ta amince da shi a cikin 1919 kuma ta aika da shi ga jihohi don tabbatarwa. A cikin 1920 an tabbatar da Kwaskwarima ta 19.[8]
Yin aiki tare da wasu kungiyoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Maud Wood Park ta kafa Kwalejin Equal Suffrage League a cikin 1900 tare da Inez Haynes don samun matashi, mata masu ilimi da ke cikin ƙungiyar sufuri. Manufar su ta musamman ita ce samun tsofaffin ɗaliban koleji don kafa surori da shirya mata a alma maters. A cikin 1904, Harriot Eaton Stanton Blatch da Caroline Lexow sun gayyace su don kafa kwalejin kwaleji a duk fadin jihar New York.[9] A cikin 1906, Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasar Amirka ta gayyaci Ƙungiyar Kwalejin Kwalejin don fara irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi a duk faɗin ƙasar.[9]Maud Wood Park kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa kungiyar Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government (BESAGG) tare da Pauline Agassiz Shaw da Mary Hutcheson Page . Ita da Page suna da alhakin yanke shawara da magana a bainar jama'a.[9] BESAGG ta juya zuwa The League of Women Voters bayan mata sun sami damar jefa kuri'a a shekarar 1920. Maud Wood Park ta kuma zama shugabar kungiyar mata masu jefa kuri'a a shekarar 1920. A lokacin da take cikin wannan matsayi (har zuwa 1924), ta yi tafiya a Amurka don yin lacca da daukar sabbin mambobi kuma ta taimaka wajen bunkasa ajanda ta majalisa.[9]
Park ya ce game da manufar The League of Women Voters, "Ya zaɓi ya zama ƙungiyar tsakiya inda mutane masu ra'ayoyi daban-daban na siyasa zasu iya aiki tare da shirin ingantaccen ci gaba wanda za su iya yarda da shi. Ya kasance a shirye ya ci gaba a hankali don ci gaba a kai a hankali. Ba ya neman jagorantar mata da sauri, amma maimakon jagorantar Mata da yawa a ɗan lokaci".
Maud Wood Park ta taimaka wajen shirya da kuma jagorantar Kwamitin Majalisar Mata na Mata wanda ya zartar da Dokar Sheppard-Towner Maternity da Child Protection Act na 1921 da Dokar Cable a 1922.
Rayuwa ta baya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Park ta fara ɗakin karatu na Schlesinger a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 1943, lokacin da ta ba da gudummawar tarin littattafai, takardu, da abubuwan tunawa game da masu gyara mata ga Radcliffe.[10] Wannan gudummawar ta girma a cikin ɗakin karatu na bincike da ake kira "Women's Archives," wanda aka sake masa suna a 1965 bayan Elizabeth Bancroft Schlesinger da mijinta Arthur M. Schlesinger, saboda sun kasance masu goyon baya sosai ga aikin ɗakin karatu.[10]
Park ya mutu a 1955 a Massachusetts.[1]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Jerin masu goyon bayan mata da mata
- Jerin masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata
- Jerin lokaci na zaɓen mata
- Kungiyoyin 'yancin mata
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Maud Wood Park". Biography.com. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedbritannica1 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Park, Maud Wood, 1871-1955. Papers in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1870-1960: A Finding Aid". Harvard University Library. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
- ↑ "The Suffrage Cause and Bryn Mawr - More Speakers". Bryn Mawr College Library Special Collections. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Maud Wood Park (1871-1955)". National Women's History Museum. Archived from the original on 2016-11-08. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
- ↑ "Our History". League of Women Voters of Boston. Archived from the original on 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
- ↑ "Papers of Maud Wood Park in the Woman's Rights Collection". Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. Archived from the original on 2019-12-19. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedPark 2006 - ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedStrom 1975 - ↑ 10.0 10.1 "You Are Here - Schlesinger Library - About the Library". Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2013.
Haɗin waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Takardun Maud Wood Park a cikin Tarin Hakkin Mata Archived 2021-01-21 at the Wayback Machine