Gidan shakatawa na Royal

Gidan shakatawa na Royal
national park of Australia (en) , unguwannin bayan gari da national park (en)
Bayanai
Farawa	1879 da 2016
IUCN protected areas category (en)	IUCN category II: National Park (en)
Ƙasa	Asturaliya
Significant place (en)	Sydney
Ma'aikaci	NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service (en)
Heritage designation (en)	listed on the Australian National Heritage List (en)
Shafin yanar gizo	nationalparks.nsw.gov.au…
Babban tsarin rubutu	Royal National Park, Heathcote National Park and Garawarra State Conservation Area Plan of Management (en)
Wuri
34°07′54″S 151°03′04″E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Asturaliya
State of Australia (en)	New South Wales (en)

Samfuri:Infobox Australian placeGidan shakatawa na Royal National Park wani wurin shakatawa ne mai kariya wanda ke cikin karamar hukumar Sutherland Shire a Kudancin Sydney da cikin karamar hukumar Wollongong a yankin Illawarra na New South Wales, Australia .

151 square kilometres (58 sq mi) wurin shakatawa na kasa yana da kusan 29 kilometres (18 mi) kudu da yankin kasuwancin tsakiyar Sydney kusa da yankunan Loftus, Otford da Waterfall .

Sir John Robertson ne ya kafa shi, Mukaddashin Firayim Minista na New South Wales, kuma an yi shelar a hukumance a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 1879, shekaru 7 kawai bayan Yellowstone National Park (1872) da shekaru 11 kafin Yosemite National Park a Amurka. Ko da yake Yosemite ya kasance ƙasa mai kariya ta tarayya tun 1864, bai zama 'National Park' ba sai 1890. Shi ne wurin shakatawa na farko da aka bayyana a Ostiraliya. Asalin sunansa kawai National Park ne, amma an sake masa suna a cikin 1955 bayan Elizabeth II, Sarauniyar Ostiraliya ta wuce ta cikin jirgin ƙasa yayin balaguron 1954.

An ƙara wurin shakatawa zuwa Jerin abubuwan tarihi na Ƙasar Australiya a cikin Disamba 2006.

Siffofin

Wurin shakatawa yana cikin ƙasashen gargajiya na Dharawal, ɗan asalin Australiya na Aboriginal .

Gidan shakatawa ya ƙunshi ƙauyukan Audley, Maianbar da Bundeena na yau. An taɓa samun layin dogo da ke da alaƙa da Gabashin Suburbs & Layin Illawarra amma wannan ya rufe kuma an canza shi zuwa hanyar tram na gado wanda Gidan Tarihi na Sydney Tramway na Loftus ke gudanarwa.

Ana iya samun Audley ta hanya daga Loftus, Waterfall ko Otford, kuma akwai tashoshin jirgin ƙasa da yawa ( Loftus, Engadine, Heathcote, Waterfall, Helensburgh da Otford) a bayan wurin shakatawa. Bundeena da Maianbar kuma ana iya shiga ta hanya ta wurin shakatawa ko ta hanyar jirgin fasinja daga Cronulla .

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na keke da tafiya, wuraren barbecue da wuraren fikinci a ko'ina cikin wurin shakatawa. Sama da 100 kilometres (62 mi) waƙoƙin tafiya suna ɗauka a cikin wurare da yawa. Ana ba da izinin yin keke a kan wasu hanyoyin wuta kuma a kan waƙoƙi na musamman da ke cikin wurin shakatawa. Waƙoƙin hawan dutsen da aka yi wa alama suna da shugabanci biyu; a kula yayin da ake bi ta wadannan hanyoyi. Kudin $12.00 yana aiki lokacin ɗaukar mota zuwa wurin shakatawa.

Shahararriyar tafiya ita ce Tafiya ta Tekun, wacce ta keɓe gefen gabas na wurin shakatawa kuma tana ba da kyan gani na bakin teku. Hanya ce mai tsawon kilomita 30, wacce ta ƙunshi tafiya daga Bundeena zuwa Otford, ko akasin haka. Ana ba da shawarar cewa masu tafiya su bar kwanaki 2 don tafiya. Ana yin wannan tafiya sau da yawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Kyautar Duke na Edinburgh . Waƙar Wallumarra (Wallumarra kalma ce ta Aborijin don ilimi/kariya) an gina ta a cikin 1975 don saduwa da haɓakar buƙatun Ilimin Muhalli da ƙari ga tsarin waƙar tafiya na wurin shakatawa. Ana amfani da wurin shakatawa sosai don ilimin muhalli ta makarantu, TAFEs, jami'o'i da sauran kungiyoyi.

An kona wurin shakatawa a gobarar daji a lokuta da dama, musamman a 1939, 1994 da kuma a cikin gobarar Kirsimeti ta Baƙar fata ta 2001 . Dajin Ostiraliya a dabi'ance ya sake farfadowa bayan gobarar daji kuma har zuwa 2008 'yan alamun wannan gobara sun kasance a bayyane. A lokacin tsananin haɗarin gobara, sabis na wuraren shakatawa na iya rufe wurin shakatawa don tabbatar da amincin baƙo.

Akwai wuraren zama a Bonnie Vale, Arewa Era da Uloola Falls. Waɗannan su ne kawai wuraren da aka ba da izinin yin sansani a cikin wurin shakatawa, kuma ana tsara su tare da tsarin yin rajista/rejista, wanda ke buƙatar riga-kafi a shafi. Wurin shakatawa yana cajin kuɗin shiga abin hawa, amma kyauta ne ga mutanen da ke tafiya.

Geography, flora da fauna

Gidan shakatawa na Royal ya ƙunshi ƙasa iri-iri. Kusan, shimfidar wurare a wurin shakatawa sun bambanta daga tsaunin bakin teku da rairayin bakin teku suka karye da ƙananan mashigai zuwa wani tsohon tudu mai tsayi da manyan kwaruruka masu zurfi da kogi suka karye. Kwaruruwan kogin suna gudana daga kudu zuwa arewa inda suke shiga Port Hacking, babban tashar tashar jiragen ruwa mai zurfi amma gabaɗaya wacce ta zama iyakar arewa na wurin shakatawa. Lokacin duban wurin shakatawa daga gabas zuwa yamma (ko akasin haka) tarkacen kwari na kwari bayan kwarin suna fashe zuwa nesa.

Ilimin yanayin wurin ya ƙunshi galibin Dutsen Triassic Hawkesbury tare da wasu sassan wurin shakatawa da ke da mafi kyawun Wianamatta shale capping. Zurfafa a ƙasan bel ɗin sandstone na Hawkesbury ya ta'allaka ne Narrabeen Shales wanda ke cakuda shale da dutsen yashi wanda kuma a ciki akwai katangar kwal ɗin da ba a taɓa gani ba waɗanda ke tafiya daidai ta Sydney kuma ana haƙawa sosai inda suke zuwa kusa da saman kudu da National Park kusa da Wollongong. Sassan ɓangarorin ɓangarorin alluvium na baya-bayan nan na mashigar ruwa na estuarine inda al'ummomin muhalli ke cikin haɗari; Dazuzzukan itacen oak da fadama mahogany dazuzzuka suna girma har yanzu.

Ƙasar bakin teku

Yawancin bakin tekun wurin shakatawa sun mamaye manyan duwatsu masu tsayi, suna samar da fasali na musamman kamar Dutsen Bikin Bikin aure (hoton), da ke fakewa da faffadar ƙasa .

Gudun cikakken tsayin wurin shakatawa na bakin teku ƙasa ce ta bakin teku wacce ke da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan girma, tsire-tsire masu jurewa da gishiri waɗanda suka bazu ko'ina cikin dutse, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙasa. Ita kanta gabar tekun ya ƙunshi galibin manyan duwatsu masu tsayin tsayin kusan mita ɗari a ƙarshen kudu. Waɗannan tsaunin suna da lallausan rairayin bakin teku masu kyau, yashi da ke buɗe ga tekun kuma suna ba da kyakkyawan ninkaya da hawan igiyar ruwa. Yawancin rairayin bakin teku za a iya isa ta hanya, wasu kawai ta sa'o'i da yawa na daji tafiya . Akwai ƴan ƙanƙara na dutsen dutse. Tekun rairayin bakin teku, biyu daga cikinsu suna da kulake masu ceton rai na sa kai da manyan wuraren shakatawa na mota, suna cikin wuraren da aka fi ziyarta a wurin shakatawa. Waɗannan ƙasashe masu zafi wuri ne mai zafi ga ƙananan tsuntsaye da yawa waɗanda suka rabu da kewayen birnin Sydney kamar gidan zuma na New Holland .

Tsire-tsire na yau da kullun a kan ciyayi da aka fallasa a kan manyan tuddai da hanyoyin tsaunin dutse sun haɗa da Rosemary Coastal, Darwinia, munduwa zuma-myrtle, itacen oak, farin kunzea, sundew, bishiyoyin ciyawa, ciyayi mai ciyayi, orchids maciji, sujjada nau'ikan bankunan bakin teku da ciyayi mai tsayi .

Tsire-tsire na yau da kullun a saman daɗaɗɗen yashi a sama da hanyar bakin teku sun haɗa da bankin Azurfa ( Banksia marginata ), itacen oak ( Allocasuarina distyla ), hakea silky ( Hakea sericea ), da pine heath ( Astrooma pinifolium ).

Sassan ciyayi na ciyayi da ba a cika samun su ba suna faruwa tare da wuraren fallasa da iska waɗanda gabaɗaya ke mamaye katifa mai tsayi da ciyawa kangaroo ( Themeda australis ).

Yawancin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun tsuntsaye suna nan a cikin heaths waɗanda suka haɗa da mai cin zuma na Lewin ( Meliphaga lewinii ), Sabon zuma na Holland ( Phylidonyris novaehollandiae ), kyawawan firetail ( Stagonopleura bella ), chestnut-rumped heathwren ( Hylacola pyrrhopygia ) da emu-wren kudu .

Gandun daji na daji

A cikin gandun dajin na Royal, dajin littoral (sau da yawa nau'in ciyayi na farko da aka lalata yayin ci gaban bakin teku) ya tsira daga barnar da ta faru a wasu wurare a cikin ƙarni na 19 da 20. Misali na wannan ciyayi yana faruwa a kudancin bakin Tekun Tafiya, wanda ake kira "Palm Jungle", kuma ya haɗa da daji na tuckeroo ( Cupaniopsis anacardioides ) na al'ada, a ƙarƙashin itacen shayi na bakin teku ( Leptospermum laevigatum ) da kuma dogon-leaf matrush ( Lomandra longifolia ).

Filayen sama

Ƙaddamar da nisa zuwa cikin ƙasa ƙasa ta haura zuwa jerin tudu masu dutsen gaske da tuddai waɗanda ke da ƙaƙƙarfan ciyayi, ƙananan tsiro da ƙarancin ƙasa, ƙasa mai dutse. Waɗannan ƙuƙuman rago ne na wani dadadden tudu, wanda ya fi girma da yawa wanda ya lalace sosai zuwa jerin ƙwarin kogi. Wannan ƙayyadaddun mazaunin ƙasar tudu yana da mahimmanci musamman ga Sydney yayin da aka bar yawancin wuraren zama ba tare da kariya ba kuma daga baya an lalata shi don samar da hanyar samun ci gaba mai arha wanda ya sanya nau'ikan da yawa kawai suka sami ridges suna barazanar bacewa saboda matsananciyar sharewa / rarrabuwa. Ƙasar da ke kan ƙasan tudu sau da yawa tana zuwa zurfin mita 2 kuma ta ƙunshi kan ginshiƙan dutsen yashi: yashi podsol wanda aka haɗa da aljihunan yumbu da aka samu. Clay Ridges da Plateaus suma suna da ƙasa mai zurfi amma ba su da yawa saboda rashin wakilci a wurin shakatawa a waɗannan wuraren an samo ƙasa ne daga yumbu na Wianamatta kuma ana ɗaukar ƙasa mai arziƙi mai samar da daji mai kyau.

bangarorin kwari

Yawancin nau'in Eucalyptus, irin su Eucalyptus luehmanniana, suna bunƙasa a cikin National National Park.

A ɓangarorin ƙwanƙolin kogin da ke nuna saman tuddai ƙasa takan canza zuwa dutsen da aka fallasa tare da tattara aljihuna na ƙasa. Ko da yake har yanzu yana da tsayi sosai, yawancin eucalyptus da sauran nau'in bishiyar suna da yawa. Kananan rafukan ana samun su akai-akai akai-akai kuma shuke-shuken ƙasa suna zama tare da manyan bishiyoyi, kodayake har yanzu filin yana buɗe kuma yana da sauƙin wucewa. Tsayin bishiyar a wannan yanki ya kai matsakaicin matsakaicin kusan mita goma. Haɗin tsire-tsire da yanayin yanayin ƙasa a cikin wannan yanki suna da alaƙa da yawancin ƙasa a cikin yankunan bakin teku na New South Wales amma tare da yawancin nau'ikan yaɗuwar nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka keɓe a cikin National Park na Royal. Irin wannan mazaunin yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi bambancin furanni a cikin Basin Sydney.

Tidal rockshelves da rock pools

  Jerin manyan shalkwalen dutsen yashi da wuraren tafki na dutse sun mamaye gaba dayan gabar teku da Layin Hacking Estuary na Port Hacking na National Park da ƙananan rairayin bakin teku masu yashi da ruwa mai laushi suka karye. Wasu daga cikin molluscs da aka fi ci karo da su a cikin wannan mazaunin sun hada da nerite na baki ( Nerita atramentosa ), katantanwa na rawani ( Turbo undulata ), katantanwa na zebra ( Austrocochlea porcata ) da kuma kasuwancin kasuwancin Sydney rock oyster ( Saccostrea glomerata ). Ɗaya daga cikin nau'in nau'in nau'in ciyawa da aka fi sani da su wanda ke girma a cikin wuraren tafki na dutse da kuma wuraren da ke kusa da bakin teku shine Neptunes necklace ( Hormosira banksii ) wani nau'in ciyawa da aka yi da ƙananan nau'i mai nau'i mai nau'i mai nau'i mai kama da nau'i mai kama da na abin wuya. Gadaje na tsohuwar teku-squirt cunjevoi ( Pyura stolonifera ) na gama gari ne tare da tarkacen dutsen da ke bakin teku wanda babban igiyar ruwa ke rufe da kuma kusa da feshin teku. An yi la'akari da mafi kyawun kuma bayyananne na anemone na tekun Royal National Parks shine waratah anemone ( Actinia tenebrosa ) mai suna bayan furen waratah saboda daidaitaccen launi na harshen wuta. Tauraron ruwan teku na kowa da aka samu yana girma a cikin tafkunan dutse shine tauraruwar tekun biskit ( Tosia australis ).

Dorinar dorinar ruwa mai launin shuɗi mai guba mai haɗari ( Hapalochlaena fasciata ), mafi yawan nau'in nau'in dorinar ruwa mai launin shuɗi a cikin yankin, na iya, lokacin da aka taɓa shi, ya tabbatar da mutuwa cikin mintuna kaɗan. Kusan ba za a iya gano su ba sai an nuna su, kuma ana iya samun su a cikin ƙananan ko manyan wuraren tafki na dutse. Hanya mafi kyau don guje wa tunzura gaba ɗaya ita ce kar a bar wani sashe na jikin mutum ya shiga kowane tafkin dutse.

Karin bayanai na shakatawa

The National Falls, sunan yankin da ke kusa da Waterfall, kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikin Disamba 2010

Wattamolla, wani lagoon da hadadden bakin teku shahararru tsakanin masu ziyara na National Park a lokacin bazara

Samuwar dutsen "Eagle Head" akan Tekun Tekun, kamar yadda aka gani a watan Nuwamba 2016

• Audley – babban yanki mai lebur a gindin ɗayan manyan kwaruruka a wurin shakatawa. Babban titin da ke shiga wurin shakatawa daga arewa yana saukewa da sauri daga tudu zuwa Audley, inda ya ketare kogin Hacking a kan wata hanya kafin ya hau daya gefen kwarin don ci gaba da shiga wurin shakatawa. An haɓaka Audley a ƙarshen karni na 19 a matsayin wurin fiki don Sydneysiders akan tafiya ta rana. Babban, kayan tarihi da aka jera gidan jirgin ruwa na katako tun daga wancan lokacin har yanzu yana nan a yammacin gabar kogin kuma a halin yanzu yana hayar kwale-kwale da kwalekwale don ba da damar yin bincike cikin kwanciyar hankali na saman kogin. Haka kuma tana hayar kekunan tsaunuka. Gidan rawan katako da aka gina a farkon karni na 20 a bankin gabas yana samuwa don ayyuka. Manya-manyan wuraren firiki, ciyayi masu ciyayi da gidan abinci, dakunan hutawa da yankin ducks masu fama da yunwa sun kammala hoton fikin. Audley ya shahara da iyalai a yau kamar yadda yake a ƙarni na 19. Bayan ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya, ambaliyar ruwan ta rufe, tare da rufe titin tare da tilastawa mazauna garin Bundeena yin tuki na tsawon kilomita 30 zuwa kudancin wurin shakatawa idan suna son zuwa Sydney.
• Jibbon Point – Wannan shi ne shugaban kudancin Port Hacking kuma yana da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da tsibirin Sutherland . Ana iya ganin wuraren zane-zane na dutsen na asali waɗanda aka yi amfani da su azaman wuraren farawa, sunan Jibbon ya fito ne daga kalmar Dharawal na Port Hacking, "Djeebun".
• Dutsen Eagle – Ƙirƙirar dutse na musamman kusa da Curracarong, kusan rabin ƙasa tsawon wurin shakatawa a bakin teku. Wani katon dutse ne wanda yayi kama da kan gaggafa idan an duba shi daga gefe. Wani abin ban mamaki na Curracarong shine ruwayoyin ruwa da yawa waɗanda ke faɗuwa a kan tudu da cikin teku sama da mita ɗari a ƙasa.
• Garie Beach – Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun rairayin bakin teku masu hawan igiyar ruwa a cikin wurin shakatawa.
• Wattamolla Beach – wani babban tafkin da aka makale a bayan bakin tekun, wanda sai ya shiga cikin tekun ta wani korama mai zurfin idon idonsa a daya karshen bakin tekun. Iyalai suna jin daɗin yin wasa a cikin kwanciyar hankali tare da yara ƙanana yayin da manya ke jin daɗin tsabta, har ma da hawan igiyar ruwa. Akwai manyan wuraren ajiye motoci da aka tanada amma a ranar Lahadin bazara mai yawan aiki da kuma bukukuwan jama'a, yana iya cikawa da wuri. Wattamolla wata mafaka ce mai matsuguni tare da sanduna mai yashi a mashigar bayansa wacce ke gefen tafkin da ruwan Wattamolla Creek da Coote Creek ke ciyarwa. Coote Creek ya sami hanyar zuwa wani kwari, sa'an nan a matsayin kyakkyawan ruwa, ya yi sauri a kan fuskar dutsen yashi zuwa cikin tafkin da ke ƙasa.
• 'Hoto 8' kudu da Burning dabino
• Werrong Beach – bakin tekun naturist kawai na doka a cikin wurin shakatawa. Yana fuskantar gabas zuwa Tekun Tasman . Tudun da ke bayan rairayin bakin teku yana cike da bishiyoyi da girma. Waɗanda suka yi zango na dare za su iya ta da su da wayewar gari ta hanyar wallabies da ke yawo a cikin sansanin ko kuma Ranger wanda zai iya tarar ku saboda yin sansani ba bisa ka'ida ba.
• Lady Carrington Drive na ɗaya daga cikin farkon hanyoyin da ke cikin wurin shakatawa. Yana tafiya kudu daga Audley, kusan yana biye da Kogin Hacking daga magudanar ruwa na nisan kusan 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) zuwa karshensa, inda ya hadu da babbar hanyar da aka rufe ta cikin wurin shakatawa (akwai iyakataccen filin ajiye motoci a ƙarshen kudu). Hanyar ta kasance sanannen tuƙi a cikin ƙarshen 19th da farkon ƙarni na 20th. An daɗe a rufe don zirga-zirga kuma yanzu ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun waƙoƙin tafiya da keke a cikin wurin shakatawa. Mafi yawa yana da lebur kuma yana da kyau (ko da yake ba a rufe shi) kuma kasancewarsa tsohon matsakaicin hanya yana da 4 to 5 metres (13 to 16 ft) a fadin. Yana wucewa ta cikin ciyayi na kwari kuma a cikin bazara yana haskakawa da kyawawan furanni masu launin rawaya na bishiyoyin wattle da lemu da ja na bishiyar banki na Australiya da furanni waratah. Yawancin makarantun sakandare a yankin Sutherland Shire suna amfani da Lady Carrington Drive don wasanni na shekara-shekara ko taron tara kuɗi inda ɗalibansu ke tafiya daga ƙarshen kudanci zuwa Audley inda ake gudanar da babban fikin barbecue .
• Tekun Arewa da Kudu. An ba da izinin yin zango a zangon Arewa Era da ke kallon bakin tekun Era ta Arewa a wurin shakatawa na Royal National Park. Wuraren daji na Zamani na Arewa suna da kyau wurin tsayawa na dare yayin tafiya Tekun Teku. Kona Dabino Beach - Wurin hutawa na kowa don masu tafiya tafiya tare da tafiya a bakin tekun sarauta. Kewaye da dabino na musamman bakin tekun an san shi da mashigin 'Hoto 8' dutsen tafkin .
• Winnifred Falls da Kudu maso Yamma Arm Pool - Halitta ta samar da ruwan sha da ramukan ruwan gishiri a gindin Winnifred Falls akan Kudu maso Yamma Arm Creek.
• Tafiya ta Royal Coastal - Mafi shaharar waƙa a cikin wurin shakatawa da ta tashi daga Bundeena zuwa Ƙona Dabino har zuwa Dutsen Otford.

Ana samun ramukan ruwa da yawa irin wannan a cikin ramukan da yawa a cikin dajin.

Werrong Beach, Royal National Park, New South Wales.

Jerin abubuwan tarihi

Royal National Park yana da wuraren da aka jera kayan tarihi da yawa, gami da:

• Royal National Park Coastal Cabin Communities

Halitta

Gidan shakatawa na Royal yana ba da izini ɗaya bisa doka da rairayin bakin teku masu naturrist da yawa. Tekun Werrong shine "yankin wanka tsirara kawai da aka ba da izini a wurin shakatawa na kasa". Wuraren da aka jera ba bisa ƙa'ida ba sun haɗa da Little Jibbon Beach, Jibbon Beach, da Tekun Tekun.