Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sydney
| Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sydney | |
|---|---|
| Sydney Opera House | |
 UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
| Wuri | |
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Asturaliya |
State of Australia (en)  | New South Wales (en) |
| Local government area of New South Wales (en) | City of Sydney (en) |
| Geographical location |
Bennelong Point (en) |
| Flanked by |
Port Jackson (en) |
| Coordinates | 33°51′25″S 151°12′54″E / 33.85706°S 151.2149°E |
 | |
| Altitude (en) | 15 m, above sea level |
| History and use | |
| Construction time | 1959 - 20 Oktoba 1973 |
|
| |
| Opening | 20 Oktoba 1973 |
| Ƙaddamarwa | 20 Oktoba 1973 |
| Mai-iko |
Government of New South Wales (en) |
| Manager (en) | Sydney Opera House Trust |
| Shugaba |
Government of New South Wales (en) |
| Maximum capacity (en) | 5,738 |
| Karatun gine-gine | |
| Zanen gini |
Jørn Utzon (mul) Peter Hall (en) |
| Builder |
Lendlease (en) |
| Structural engineer (en) |
Arup (mul) |
| Material(s) |
concrete (en) |
| Style (en) |
expressionist architecture (en) |
| Tsawo | 67 m |
| Yawan fili | 3.82965264 ha |
| Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya | |
| Criterion | (i) |
| Reference | 166rev |
| Region[upper-roman 1] | Asia and Oceania |
| Registration | 2007 (XXXI. ) |
| ANHL | 105738, 2353 da 105914 |
| -0992 | |
| Visitors per year (en) | 7,000,000 |
| Contact | |
| Address | 2 Circular Quay East, Sydney NSW |
| Offical website | |
| |
Gidan Opera na Sydney cibiyar wasan kwaikwayo ce mai cike da zane-zane da dama a Sydney, New South Wales, Ostiraliya. Yana gefen gabar tekun Sydney Harbour, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gine-gine mafi shahara da ban mamaki a duniya, kuma kyakkyawan gine-gine na ƙarni na 20. [1] [2]
An tsara ginin ne ta hannun mai zane-zanen ƙasar Denmark Jørn Utzon kuma ƙungiyar gine-gine ta Australiya ƙarƙashin jagorancin Peter Hall ta kammala shi, Sarauniya Elizabeth II ta buɗe shi a hukumance a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 1973, [3] shekaru 16 bayan zaɓen Utzon a shekarar 1957 a matsayin wanda ya lashe gasar ƙira ta ƙasa da ƙasa. Gwamnatin New South Wales, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Firayim Minista Joseph Cahill, ta ba da izinin fara aikin a shekarar 1958 tare da Utzon da ke jagorantar gini. Shawarar gwamnati ta gina ƙirar Utzon sau da yawa tana cike da yanayi da suka biyo baya, gami da tsadar farashi da jadawalin aiki da kuma murabus ɗin mai zane. [4]
Ginin da kewayensa sun mamaye dukkan Bennelong Point a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Sydney, tsakanin Sydney Cove da Farm Cove, kusa da yankin kasuwanci na tsakiyar Sydney da kuma Royal Botanic Garden, da kuma kusa da gadar Sydney Harbour .
Ginin ya ƙunshi wurare da dama na wasan kwaikwayo, waɗanda tare suke karɓar bakuncin wasanni sama da 1,800 kowace shekara, waɗanda sama da mutane 1.4 ke halarta. Mutane miliyan. [5] Masu fasaha da yawa suna gabatar da wasannin kwaikwayo, tare da kamfanoni da yawa na mazauna kamar Opera Australia, Kamfanin Wasan Kwaikwayo na Sydney da kuma Sydney Symphony Orchestra . A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wuraren jan hankalin baƙi a Ostiraliya, sama da mutane miliyan goma ne ke ziyartar wurin a kowace shekara, [5] kuma kimanin baƙi 350,000 suna yin rangadin ginin a kowace shekara. [6] Kamfanin Sydney Opera House Trust ne ke kula da ginin, wata hukuma ta Gwamnatin Jihar New South Wales.
A shekara ta 2007, Gidan Opera na Sydney ya zama Wurin Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO, bayan an saka shi a cikin Rajistar Gidaje (wanda yanzu ya daina aiki) na Ƙasa tun 1980, Rajistar Asusun Kula da Gidaje na Ƙasa tun 1983, Rajistar Asusun Tarihi na Birnin Sydney tun 2000, Rajistar Tarihin Gado na Jihar New South Wales tun 2003, da Jerin Gidajen Tarihi na Ƙasa na Australiya tun 2005. [7] Gidan Opera shi ma ya kasance na ƙarshe a cikin jerin kamfen ɗin Sabbin Abubuwan Al'ajabi na Duniya 7. [8]
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wurin yana da tsarin zamani na zane mai kama da siminti, tare da jerin manyan "harsasai" na siminti da aka riga aka yi amfani da su, kowannensu ya ƙunshi sassan wani yanki mai tsawon 75.2 metres (246 ft 8.6 in) radius, yana samar da rufin ginin, wanda aka sanya a kan wani babban dandamali. Ginin ya ƙunshi 1.8 hectares (4.4 acres) na ƙasa kuma faɗinsa ya kai 183 metres (600 ft) tsayi kuma 120 metres (394 ft) faɗinsa a mafi faɗin wurinsa. An ɗora shi a kan ginshiƙan siminti 588 da aka nutse har zuwa 25 metres (82 ft) ƙasa da matakin teku. Mafi girman wurin rufin shine mita 67 sama da matakin teku wanda shine tsayin ginin hawa 22. An yi rufin da sassan siminti 2,194 da aka riga aka yi siminti, waɗanda kowannensu yana da nauyin tan 15.
Ko da yake ana kiran gine-ginen rufin da "harsasai" (kamar yadda yake a cikin wannan labarin), su bangarori ne na siminti da aka riga aka yi da haƙarƙarin siminti da aka riga aka yi, ba harsashi ba a cikin ma'anar tsari. [9] Duk da cewa harsashin suna kama da fari daga nesa, a zahiri suna da tsarin chevron mai laushi wanda ya ƙunshi tayal 1,056,006 a launuka biyu: fari mai sheƙi da kirim mai matte. Kamfanin Höganäs AB na Sweden ne ya ƙera tayal ɗin, wanda galibi ke samar da tayal ɗin dutse don masana'antar niƙa takarda.
Banda tayal ɗin harsashi da bangon labulen gilashi na sararin shiga, waje na ginin an lulluɓe shi da bangarori masu tarin yawa waɗanda aka yi da dutse mai ruwan hoda da aka haƙa a Tarana . Manyan hanyoyin gyaran saman ciki sun haɗa da siminti na musamman, plywood na farin birch na Australiya da aka kawo daga Wauchope a arewacin New South Wales, da kuma glulam na akwatin gogewa .
Wuraren wasan kwaikwayo da kayan aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sydney Opera ya ƙunshi wurare da dama da za a yi wasan kwaikwayo: [10]
- Zauren Waƙa : Yana da kujeru 2,679, gidan Sydney Symphony Orchestra kuma yawancin masu gabatar da kade-kade suna amfani da shi. Ya ƙunshi Sydney Opera House Grand Organ, babban organ mai bin diddigin kayan aiki a duniya, tare da bututu sama da 10,000. [11]
- Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Joan Sutherland : Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na proscenium mai kujeru 1,507, [12] gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Opera Australia da The Australian Ballet na Sydney. Har zuwa 17 ga Oktoba 2012, an san shi da Opera Theatre.
- Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo : Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na proscenium mai kujeru 544, wanda Kamfanin Gidan Wasan kwaikwayo na Sydney da sauran masu gabatar da rawa da wasan kwaikwayo ke amfani da shi.
- Playhouse : Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarshe wanda ba na proscenium ba ne, mai kujeru 398.
- Studio : Wuri mai sassauƙa mai kujeru 280 na dindindin (wasu daga cikinsu za a iya naɗe su) kuma matsakaicin ƙarfinsu shine 400, ya danganta da tsari.
- Ɗakin Utzon : Ƙaramin wuri mai amfani da yawa don bukukuwa, tarurrukan kamfanoni da ƙananan shirye-shirye (kamar wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗan ɗakin taro).
- Ɗakunan Yallamundi: Wurin taro wanda zai ɗauki mutane har 400, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi don bukukuwan aure ko tarurrukan kasuwanci.
- Filin Waje na Waje : Wuri ne mai sassauƙa a buɗe tare da zaɓuɓɓukan tsari iri-iri, gami da yuwuwar amfani da Matakan Monumental a matsayin wurin zama na masu sauraro, wanda ake amfani da shi don tarurrukan al'umma daban-daban da manyan wasanni na waje.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Asalin aikin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Zaɓin wurin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An fara shirin ne a ƙarshen shekarun 1940 lokacin da Eugene Goossens, Babban Jagoran Kungiyar Makada ta Sydney Symphony kuma Daraktan Kungiyar Kiɗa ta Jihar New South Wales, ya yi kira da a samar da wurin da ya dace don wasan opera da makada. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sydney Symphony Orchestra, Sydney Town Hall, ba a yi la'akari da shi da girma sosai ba. Zuwa shekarar 1954, Goossens ya yi nasarar samun goyon bayan Firimiyan New South Wales Joseph Cahill, wanda ya yi kira da a tsara wani gidan wasan opera na musamman. Haka kuma Goossens ne suka dage cewa Bennelong Point ne wurin: Cahill ya so ya kasance a tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Wynyard a arewa maso yammacin yankin kasuwanci na tsakiya . [13]
Gasar gine-gine 1955–1957
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cahill ya ƙaddamar da gasar ƙira ta ƙasa da ƙasa tare da babbar kyautar fam 5,000 na Australiya [14] a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1955 kuma ya sami shiga 233, waɗanda suka wakilci masu zane-zane daga ƙasashe 32. Sharuɗɗan sun ƙayyade babban zauren da zai ɗauki mutane 3,000 da ƙaramin zauren da zai ɗauki mutane 1,200, kowannensu don amfani daban-daban, gami da wasan opera na cikakken sikelin, kade-kade na orchestral da mawaƙa, tarurrukan jama'a, laccoci, wasan kwaikwayo na ballet, da sauran gabatarwa.
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Waɗanda suka yi nasara a gasar su ne: Farfesa Henry Ashworth ( Jami'ar Sydney ), [15] Cobden Parkes ( Mai Zane-zanen Gwamnatin New South Wales ); Farfesa Leslie Martin (Farfesa a fannin Gine-gine na Jami'ar Cambridge kuma mai zane-zanen Royal Festival Hall a 1951) da kuma mai zane-zanen Finnish-Amurka Eero Saarinen . [16]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Environment, Department of the (23 April 2008). "World Heritage Places – The Sydney Opera House – World Heritage values". www.environment.gov.au (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
- ↑ Maher, Alannah (30 July 2021). "Seven Sydney Opera House designs that never saw the light of day". Time Out. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
- ↑ "Sydney Opera House history". Sydney Opera House Official Site. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
- ↑ "2003 Laureate". The Pritzker Architecture Prize. The Hyatt Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- 1 2 "Sydney Opera House: Annual Reports". Retrieved 12 February 2025.
- ↑ "How do you value an icon? The Sydney Opera House: economic, cultural and digital value" (PDF). Deloitte Access Economics. 2010. p. 70. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
- ↑ "Sydney Opera House, 2 Circular Quay East, Sydney, NSW, Australia". Australian Heritage Database. Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Government. 12 July 2005. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
- ↑ "New7Wonders of the World". World of New7Wonders.
- ↑ "Sydney Opera House". Tom Fletcher. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2008.
- ↑ "Sydney Opera House venues". sydneyoperahouse.com. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
- ↑ "Sydney Opera House Grand Organ specification" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2012.
- ↑ "Joan Sutherland Theatre: Technical and Production Information" (PDF). Sydney Opera House. June 2012. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ↑ "Sydney Architecture Images- Sydney Opera House". Sydneyarchitecture.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2010. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
- ↑ "Eric Ellis interview with Utzon in the Sydney Morning Herald Good Weekend". Ericellis.com. 31 October 1992. Archived from the original on 26 July 2002. Retrieved 2 December 2008.
- ↑ Lumby, Roy (2014). "Henry Ingham Ashworth (1907–1991)". Australian Dictionay of Biography. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
- ↑ "From the Archives, 1957: Utzon's design wins Opera House contest, edited version of a story first published in the Sydney Morning Herald on January 30, 1957". Sydney Morning Herald. 29 January 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2024.