Gidauniyar Tarihi
Gidauniyar Heritage ko kawai Heritage wani tanki ne na Amurka mai tunani na dama wanda ke zaune a Washington, DC. An kafa shi a 1973, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin shekarun 1980 a lokacin Ronald Reagan">shugabancin Ronald Reagan, wanda aka karɓi manufofinsa daga karatun Gidauniya, gami da Mandate for Leadership.
Gidauniyar Heritage tana da Tasiri sosai a cikin aiwatar da Manufofin jama'a na Amurka, kuma a tarihi an sanya ta cikin manyan kungiyoyin manufofin jama-a a Amurka.[1] A shekara ta 2010, ta kafa wata kungiya 'yar'uwa, Heritage Action, wata kungiya mai fafutuka a cikin siyasa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya da Jamhuriyar Republican.[2][3]
Heritage ya jagoranci Project 2025, wanda aka fi sani da Shirin Canjin Shugaban kasa na 2025, wani shiri mai zurfi wanda ya haɗa da nada ma'aikatan gwamnati masu daidaituwa da akida, ƙuntata damar zubar da ciki, adawa da haƙƙin LGBTQ +, canza hukumomin tarayya don dalilai na siyasa, da kuma sanya ƙa'idodin ƙaura masu tsauri. Har ila yau, yana jagorantar Project Esther, wani shiri na murkushe zanga-zangar goyon bayan Palasdinawa, musamman a makarantun jami'a.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Shekaru na farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa tushe ne a ranar 16 ga watan Fabrairu, 1973, a lokacin Gwamnatin Nixon ta Paul Weyrich, Edwin Feulner, da Joseph Coors. [4] Girma daga sabon yunkurin gwagwarmayar kasuwanci wanda Powell Memorandum ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, Weyrich da Feulner sun nemi ƙirƙirar wani nau'i mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na Brookings Institution wanda ke inganta manufofin ra'ayin rikon kwarya.[5][6][7]
Coors ita ce tushen farko na Heritage, [4] inda ta shuka kungiyar tare da $ 250,000 na farko. Biliyan Richard Mellon Scaife ya biyo baya shekara guda, ta amfani da Scaife Family Charitable Trust don ba da gudummawar miliyoyin mutane ga tushe a cikin shekaru ashirin masu zuwa a matsayin mai ba da guduma. Weyrich shine shugaban farko na tushe. A karkashin magajin Weyrich, Frank J. Walton, Gidauniyar Heritage ta fara amfani da tara kudade kai tsaye, wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kudin shiga na shekara-shekara, wanda ya kai dala miliyan 1 a shekara ta 1976.[4] A shekara ta 1981, kasafin kudin shekara-shekara ya kai dala miliyan 5.3.
Gidauniyar ta ba da shawarar manufofin kasuwanci da adawa da kwaminisanci a farkon shekarunta, amma ta bambanta kanta daga Cibiyar Kasuwancin Amurka AEI ta hanyar ba da shawara ga al'adu al'adu masu mahimmanci ga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Amma a cikin shekarun 1970s, Gidauniyar Heritage ta kasance ƙaramar dangi ga Brookings da AEI.[7]
Gwamnatin Reagan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A watan Janairun 1981, Gidauniyar Heritage ta buga Mandate for Leadership, cikakken rahoto da nufin rage girman Gwamnatin tarayya. Ya ba da jagorar manufofin jama'a ga Gwamnatin Reagan mai shigowa, kuma ya haɗa da shawarwari sama da 2,000 na takamaiman manufofi ga gwamnatin Reagan don amfani da gwamnatin tarayya don inganta manufofin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Fadar White House ta karɓi rahoton sosai, kuma da yawa daga cikin marubutan sun ci gaba da ɗaukar matsayi a cikin gwamnatin Reagan.[8] Ronald Reagan yana son ra'ayoyin sosai har ya ba da kwafin ga kowane memba na majalisar ministocinsa don sake dubawa.[9] Kimanin kashi 60% na shawarwarin Tarihi 2,000 an aiwatar da su ko kuma an fara su ne a ƙarshen shekara ta farko ta Reagan a ofis. [8] Reagan daga baya ya kira Gidauniyar Gidauniya "mai mahimmanci" a lokacin shugabancinsa.[9]
Gidauniyar ta kasance mai tasiri wajen bunkasa da inganta Koyarwar Reagan, wani muhimmin shirin Manufofin kasashen waje na gwamnatin Reagan wanda Amurka ta fara samar da sojoji da sauran tallafi ga ƙungiyoyin adawa da kwaminisanci da ke yaƙi da gwamnatocin Soviet a Afghanistan, Angola, Kambodiya, Nicaragua, da sauran ƙasashe a cikin shekarun karshe na Yaƙin Cold .
Bayan Reagan ya sadu da Mikhail Gorbachev a Moscow a cikin shekarun 1980, Jaridar Wall Street ta ruwaito, "shugaban Soviet ya ba da korafi: Gidauniyar Heritage, mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ta Washington ta rinjayi Reagan. Kayan ya ba da ƙarfin ilimi ga ajanda na Gipper, gami da Reagan Doctrine - ra'ayin cewa Amurka ya kamata ta goyi bayan masu tayar da kayar baya da ke tsayayya da mulkin kwaminisanci. "
Har ila yau, tushe ya goyi bayan ci gaban sabon tsarin tsaro na makami mai linzami na Amurka. A shekara ta 1983, Reagan ya sanya ci gaban wannan sabon tsarin tsaro, wanda aka fi sani da Strategic Defense Initiative, babban fifiko na tsaro.[8]
A tsakiyar shekaru goma, Gidauniyar Heritage ta fito ne a matsayin babbar kungiya a cikin ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ta ƙasa, tana buga rahotanni masu tasiri a kan batutuwan manufofi da suka shafi manyan shugabannin masu ra'ayi masu ra'ayyaki.[10] A shekara ta 1986, don nuna godiya ga tasirin Gidauniyar Gidauniya mai saurin girma, mujallar Time ta kira Gidauniyan Gidauniye "mafi girma daga cikin sabbin tankunan bayar da shawarwari". Ya yi aiki a matsayin amincewar kwakwalwa akan manufofin kasashen waje ga gwamnatocin Reagan da George H. W. Bush.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Guides: Public Policy Research Think Tanks 2019: Top Think Tanks – US". guides.library.upenn.edu (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved 2022-12-03.
- ↑ Glueck, Katie (2016-11-22). "Trump's shadow transition team". Politico (in Turanci). Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
- ↑ Riccardi, Nicholas; Izaguirre, Anthony (2021-05-14). "Conservative group boasts of secret role in voting laws". AP News (in Turanci). Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
- 1 2 3 Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "The Power of Ideas". The New York Times. Retrieved November 12, 2025.
- ↑ Moyers, Bill (November 2, 2011). "How Wall Street Occupied America". The Nation. Archived from the original on 2013-12-20. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
- 1 2 Cite error: Invalid
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- 1 2 "Reagan and Heritage: A Unique Partnership". The Heritage Foundation (in Turanci). Archived from the original on February 6, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2016.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)