Gilashin yanayi
 Gilashin yanayi | |
|---|---|
passband (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
electromagnetic radiation (en) |
| Bangare na |
electromagnetic spectrum (en) |
Fensir na yanayi yankin ne na bakan lantarki wanda zai iya wucewa ta cikin Yanayin Duniya. Gilashin gani, infrared da rediyo sun ƙunshi manyan windows guda uku.[1] Gilashin suna ba da tashoshi kai tsaye don farfajiyar Duniya don karɓar wutar lantarki daga Rana, da kuma radiation na zafi daga farfajiya don barin zuwa sararin samaniya.[2] Gilashin yanayi suna da amfani ga ilimin taurari, nesa, sadarwa da sauran aikace-aikacen kimiyya da fasaha.
A cikin nazarin tasirin greenhouse, kalmar taga na yanayi na iya iyakancewa don nufin taga na infrared, wanda shine hanya ta farko ta tserewa don wani ɓangare na radiation na zafi da aka fitar kusa da farfajiya. A wasu fannoni na kimiyya da fasaha, irin su ilimin tauraron rediyo da kuma nesa, ana amfani da kalmar a matsayin hypernym, yana rufe dukkan bakan lantarki kamar yadda yake a cikin labarin yanzu.
Matsayi a cikin kasafin kudin makamashi na Duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gilashin yanayi, musamman na gani da infrared, suna shafar rarraba kwararar makamashi da yanayin zafi a cikin ma'aunin makamashi na Duniya. Gilashin kansu sun dogara da girgije, tururin ruwa, iskar gas, da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin yanayi.[3]
Daga matsakaicin 340 watts a kowace murabba'in mita (W / m2) na hasken rana a saman yanayi, kimanin 2 W / m2 ya kai saman ta hanyar windows, galibi na gani da infrared. Har ila yau, daga cikin kimanin 340 W / m2 na gajeren gajeren lokaci (105 W / m2) tare da radiation mai tsawo mai fita (2 W / m2), 80-100 W / m 2 yana fita zuwa sararin samaniya ta hanyar taga na infrared dangane da girgije. Kimanin 40 W / m2 na wannan adadin da aka watsa ana fitar da shi daga farfajiyar, yayin da mafi yawan ragowar ya fito ne daga ƙananan yankuna na yanayi. A cikin hanyar da ta dace, taga na infrared kuma yana watsawa zuwa farfajiyar wani ɓangare na radiation mai zafi wanda aka fitar a cikin yankuna masu sanyi na sararin samaniya.[4]
Ma'anar "window" tana da amfani don samar da kyakkyawar fahimta game da wasu muhimman fasalulluka na jigilar radiation na yanayi. Cikakken halayyar sha, fitarwa, da kuma warwatsa ma'aunin matsakaici na yanayi ana buƙatar don yin bincike mai zurfi (yawanci ana yin shi tare da lambobin canja wurin radiative na yanayi). Aikace-aikacen Dokar Beer-Lambert na iya samar da isasshen ƙididdigar ƙididdiga don tsawo inda yanayin yake da ƙanƙanta. Abubuwan taga galibi ana sanya su a cikin bayanin martaba.[5]
Sauran aikace-aikace
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin ilimin taurari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Har zuwa shekarun 1940, masu binciken sararin samaniya sun yi amfani da na'urorin gani don lura da abubuwa masu nisa na astronomical waɗanda radiation ya kai duniya ta hanyar taga na gani. Bayan wannan lokacin, ci gaban na'urorin rediyo ya haifar da ci gaba mai nasara na ilimin tauraron rediyo wanda ya dogara da nazarin abubuwan lura da aka yi ta hanyar taga na rediyo.
A cikin sadarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Satellites na sadarwa sun dogara sosai da windows na yanayi don watsawa da karɓar sigina: ana kafa hanyoyin Haɗin tauraron dan adam a mitar da ke fada cikin faɗin bakan gizo na windows na yanayi. Rediyon gajeren lokaci yana yin akasin haka, ta amfani da mitoci waɗanda ke samar da raƙuman sama maimakon waɗanda ke tserewa ta hanyar windows na rediyo.
A cikin nesa mai nisa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dukansu masu aiki (signal da aka fitar da tauraron dan adam ko jirgin sama, hasken da aka gano ta firikwensin) da kuma masu wucewa (hasken hasken rana da firikwensin ya gano) dabarun jin nesa suna aiki tare da kewayon tsawo da ke cikin windows na yanayi.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Gilashin gani
- Infrared taga
- Fensir na rediyo
- Gilashin ruwa, don x-ray mai laushi
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Introduction to the Electromagnetic Spectrum | Science Mission Directorate". science.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
- ↑ Kiehl, J. T.; Trenberth, Kevin E. (1 February 1997). "Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 78 (2): 197–208. Bibcode:1997BAMS...78..197K. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0197:eagmeb>2.0.co;2.
- ↑ US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "The Earth-Atmosphere Energy Balance". www.weather.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-12-29.
- ↑ Kiehl, J. T.; Trenberth, Kevin E. (1 February 1997). "Earth's Annual Global Mean Energy Budget". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 78 (2): 197–208. Bibcode:1997BAMS...78..197K. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0197:eagmeb>2.0.co;2.
- ↑ "Remote Sensing: Absorption Bands and Atmospheric Windows". NASA Earth Observatory. 17 September 1999. Retrieved 28 October 2022.