Gilbert Thomas Carter

Gilbert Thomas Carter Samfuri:Postnominals
Portrait of Sir Gilbert by Alexander Bassano, 1893
Haihuwa	(1848-01-14)14 Janairu 1848 Topsham, Devon
Mutuwa	18 Janairu 1927(1927-01-18) (shekaru 79) Barbados
Uwar gida(s)	Susan Laura Hocker 1874–1895 Gertrude Codman Parker 1903–1927
Lamban girma	Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George

Gilbert Thomas Carter, Gertrude Codman Parker and John Codman Carter, 1916

Sir Gilbert Thomas Carter (wanda kuma ake kira Gilbert-Carter) (an haife shi 14 ga Janairu, 1848 ya mutu 18 ga Janairu, 1927) jami'in gudanarwa ne a cikin Royal Navy da kuma jami'in mulkin mallaka na Daular Birtaniya.

Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin Mai Karɓar Harajin Kwastam (Customs) na Gold Coast, sannan ya zama Ma'aji na Gold Coast da kuma Gambiya. Daga baya ya shiga harkokin mulkin mallaka a matsayin Mai Gudanarwa na Gambiya, inda ya fuskanci rikicin da ya shafi wani sarkin ƙasar Gambiya.

Daga baya aka naɗa shi Gwamna na Lagos Colony, inda ya kulla yarjejeniyoyi da shugabannin gargajiya domin kare mishanonin Kiristoci tare da kawo ƙarshen sadaukar da mutane. Bayan haka ya yi aiki a matsayin Gwamnan The Bahamas, Barbados, sannan daga ƙarshe ya zama Gwamnan Trinidad and Tobago.

Farkon rayuwa da aikin soja a Rundunar Ruwa

An haifi Carter a Topsham, Devon, a shekarar 1848. Shi ne kaɗai ɗan Kwamanda Thomas Gilbert Carter na Rundunar Ruwa ta Birtaniya. Ya yi karatu a Royal Hospital School da ke Greenwich.

Carter ya shiga Rundunar Ruwa ta Birtaniya a shekarar 1864, inda ya fara aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Magatakarda a cikin HMS Frederick William, sannan a shekarar 1866 aka mayar da shi zuwa HMS Malacca.A ranar 5 ga Yulin 1866, an ƙara masa girma zuwa mukamin Magatakarda yayin da yake aiki a HMS Malacca. Tsakanin shekarun 1867 zuwa 1869 ya yi aiki a jiragen ruwa daban-daban a matsayin magatakarda, har zuwa ranar 1 ga Disamban 1869, lokacin da yake aiki a HMS Pembroke, inda aka ƙara masa girma zuwa Mataimakin Ma'aikacin Kuɗi (Assistant Paymaster), tare da saka sunansa cikin Navy Directory.

Bayan ya yi aiki a HMS Royal Adelaide a watanni tara na farkon shekarar 1870, aikin sa na ƙarshe a Rundunar Ruwa shi ne a jirgin gwamnatin mulkin mallaka mai suna Sherbro daga watan Agustan 1870. A lokacin da yake kan Sherbro, ya shiga cikin Yaƙin Anglo–Ashanti na Uku a Gold Coast. Lokacin da gwamnatin Holland ta miƙa Elmina ga Birtaniya, Carter ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin Kwamishinoni da suka tantance kayan gwamnati da makaman da Holland ta bari.

Ya auri Susan Laura Hocker, 'yar Laftanar Kanal Edward Hocker, a shekarar 1874. Sun haifi 'ya'ya biyar, maza uku da mata biyu. Ɗansa na biyu, Humphrey (1884–1969), shi ne Darakta na farko na Cambridge University Botanic Garden. Lady Carter ta rasu a shekarar 1895. Carter ya yi ritaya daga Rundunar Ruwa a ranar 21 ga Yulin 1875.

Hoton Carter yana ganawa da Musa Molo, Yariman Fuladu, a shekarar 1889.

Muƙaman farko

A shekarar 1875, Carter ya zama sakatare na musamman ga Sir George Berkeley, Gwamnan Leeward Islands. A watan Agustan 1879, an naɗa shi Mai Karɓar Harajin Kwastam da kuma Ma'aji na Gold Coast, muƙamin da ya riƙe har zuwa shekarar 1882.

Gambiya

Daga shekarar 1882 zuwa Disamban 1888, Carter ya gudanar da mulkin Gambiya a matsayin Ma'aji da Shugaban Hukumar Wasiku. Tun daga shekarar 1886, ya kasance mukaddashin Mai Gudanarwa na Gambiya, sannan a ranar 1 ga Disamban 1888 aka naɗa shi cikakken Mai Gudanarwa bayan raba Gambiya da Saliyo.

A lokacin mulkinsa ne aka rattaba hannu kan Anglo-French Convention of 1889, wanda ya fayyace iyakar Gambiya da Senegal. Saboda haka aka ba Carter alhakin kafa kwamitin tantance iyaka da kuma tabbatar da ikon da dokokin Birtaniya a yankin Gambiya Protectorate da kuma shugabannin gargajiya daban-daban. Wannan ya sauya tsohuwar manufar kin faɗaɗa mulkin mallaka. Ya kuma yi ƙoƙarin kare garuruwan da ke ƙarƙashin kariyar Birtaniya daga hare-haren Fode Kaba da Musa Molo, waɗanda suka kasance suna rikici da juna. A lokacin da yake aiki a Gambiya, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1890.

Lagos (Najeriya)

An naɗa Carter Gwamna kuma Babban Kwamandan Mallakar Legas a ranar 3 ga Fabrairun 1891. A shekarar 1892 ya ba da umarnin kai hari kan Masarautar Ijebu, yana mai cewa hakan yana cikin "muradun wayewa". Bayan haka ya ci gaba da bayyana harin a matsayin yaƙin kawo ƙarshen bautar da kuma bunƙasa wayewa.

Carter ya zagaya yankuna daban-daban na Yorubaland tare da rakiyar sojoji domin nuna ƙarfin Daular Birtaniya. Ba a tarbe shi da kyau ba a Oyo, yayin da shugabannin Egba suka shawarce shi kada ya tsoma baki a harkar bauta. Shugabannin Ibadan kuma sun bayyana tsoron cewa bayinsu za su nemi 'yanci ta hanyar gudu zuwa wurin Resident, saboda haka suka ƙi sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da za ta ba Birtaniya damar naɗa Resident a garin.

Sai dai a watan Janairun 1893 shugabannin Egba suka rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Kai da gwamnatin Birtaniya. An amince cewa gwamnatin Birtaniya za ta tabbatar da 'yancin kasuwanci tsakanin Ƙasar Egba da Legas. A madadin haka, ba za a rufe wata hanya ba sai da izinin gwamna. Sun kuma amince da ba wa dukkan malaman addinin Kirista cikakkiyar kariya da goyon baya. Masarautar Birtaniya ta kuma yi alƙawarin cewa ba za ta haɗe wani yanki na ƙasar Egba ba ba tare da amincewar shugabanninta ba, kuma za ta mutunta cikakken 'yancinta. Shugabannin Egba kuma sun yi alƙawarin kawo ƙarshen sadaukar da mutane.

A ranar 3 ga Yunin 1893, an ƙara masa girma zuwa Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG), saboda rawar da ya taka wajen gudanar da tawagar diflomasiyya zuwa ƙasar Yarbawa, wadda ta haifar da muhimman yarjejeniyoyi tare da kawo ƙarshen wani yaƙi mai ɗaukar dogon lokaci.

A shekarar 1896, sabon Sarkin Ife, Adelekan, ya bai wa Carter wasu kayayyakin fasaha na Ife, ciki har da waɗanda ake kira Ife marbles, da fatan zai yanke hukunci mai amfani game da sake tsugunar da mutanen Modakeke a wajen birnin Ife. Carter ya aika waɗannan kayayyaki zuwa Turai.

Yayin da yake aiki a Legas, matarsa ta farko, Lady Carter, ta rasu a ranar 13 ga Janairun 1895, jim kaɗan bayan ta isa Legas.

An sanya wa Carter Bridge, wanda aka fara ginawa a shekarar 1901 domin haɗa Lagos Island da Iddo Island, sunansa ne domin girmama shi.

Rayuwa ta gaba, ritaya da rasuwa

Tambarin gidan waya na Barbados na shekarar 1905 mai suna "Olive Blossom", wanda matar Carter ta biyu, Gertrude, ta tsara.

A shekarar 1898 an mayar da Carter zuwa Bahamas a matsayin Gwamna kuma Babban Kwamanda. Bayan ɗan lokaci a Trinidad, a watan Yulin 1904 aka mayar da shi Barbados a matsayin Gwamna kuma Babban Kwamanda.

A lokacin bazarar shekarar 1903, Carter ya haɗu da wata 'yar fasaha Ba'amurkiya daga Boston mai suna Gertrude Codman Parker (6 ga Fabrairu, 1875 – 12 ga Nuwamba, 1953). Sun yi aure a ranar 25 ga Agustan 1903 a Church of the Advent da ke Boston, kuma suka haifi ɗa guda mai suna John Codman Carter.

Carter ya ci gaba da riƙe manyan muƙaman mulkin mallaka. A shekarar 1904 aka naɗa shi Gwamnan Barbados da yankunanta. Daga shekarar 1907 zuwa 1910 kuma ya kasance Administrator of the Government na Trinidad and Tobago a lokacin da gwamnan ba ya nan. Bayan haka ya yi ritaya.

A shekarar 1919 ya canza sunansa zuwa Gilbert-Carter. A farkon shekarun 1920 ya koma Barbados, inda ya zauna a Ilaro Court, gidan da Lady Gilbert Carter ta tsara kuma ta gina. Ya rasu a can a ranar 18 ga Janairun 1927. Lokacin da aka tabbatar da wasiyyarsa (probate) a ranar 22 ga Maris na wannan shekarar, jimillar kadarorinsa ta kai fam £6859 da silin 9 da pence 11.