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Tsarin Siyasan Afirka

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Tsarin Siyasan Afirka
Bayanai
Iri ma'aikata
Mulki
Hedkwata Addis Ababa

Tsarin Mulkin Afirka (AGA) wata hanya ce ta tattaunawa tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki waɗanda aka ba su damar haɓaka kyakkyawan shugabanci da kuma haɓaka dimokuradiyya a Afirka. A cikin littafin mai suna The African Union Law (Ed. Berger Levrault, 2014, p. 29) Blaise Tchikaya ya kafa hanyar haɗin kai tsakanin dandamali na ra'ayi da ake kira AGA da kuma sabunta dokar kasa da kasa da ta shafi kasashen Afirka. AGA shine ainihin bangare ɗaya - mai yiwuwa mafi mahimmanci - na kwanan nan na tsarin mulki na duniya. Bugu da ƙari kuma, babban jigo ne wajen haɓaka aikin cikin gida da aiwatar da manufofin da aka zayyana a cikin maganganun shari'a da manufofi a cikin Ƙimar Rarraba ta Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (AU). An kafa shi a cikin 2011 AGA yana zaune ne a Addis Ababa, Habasha a hedkwatar AU tare da membobin AGA Platform na Afirka gabaɗaya. [1] A cikin Fabrairun 2016 dokokin tsari kan yadda AGA ke aiki bisa doka ta kasashe membobi yayin taron Tarayyar Afirka. [2]

Tarihi

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Tattaunawar "Tsarin Gine-ginen Afirka kan Gudanar da Mulki" ya fara ne da zama na 16 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanda ya mayar da hankali kan taken Raba Ka'idoji na AU. An gudanar da wannan zama a Addis Ababa, Habasha, a cikin 2011 kuma an amince da wani umarni wanda zai kafa "Gidan Gine-gine na Pan-Afrika akan Mulki". Don ba da tasiri ga shawarar Majalisar game da Kafa Tsarin Mulkin Afirka na Pan-Afrika, Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka (AUC) ta kafa tsarin gine-ginen mulkin Afirka (AGA) a matsayin wani dandali da ke inganta hulɗar tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki waɗanda ke aiki don haɓaka kyakkyawan shugabanci da ƙarfafa dimokuradiyya a Afirka, baya ga fassara manufofin doka da manufofin ƙasa [3] bayani). [4]

Da yake shekarar 2012 ita ce shekarar AU Raba Ƙimar Ƙimar Rarraba AU, an tura sharuɗɗa daban-daban na AU don zama jagora mai mahimmanci ga ayyukan ga ƙungiyoyi da ƙasashe na Tarayyar Afirka. A sakamakon haka, Yarjejeniya ta Afirka don Dimokuradiyya, Zabuka da Mulki (ACDEG), wani muhimmin takarda da ke nuna ayyukan AGA, an yi amfani da shi bayan an amince da shi a 2007.

A ranar 14 ga watan Yuni ne aka kafa dandalin AGA a birnin Lusaka na kasar Zambiya domin samar da sarari a cikin tsarin AGA inda masu ruwa da tsaki da bangarori daban-daban na kungiyar AU da ke aiki a fannin Dimokuradiyya, Zabuka da Mulki ke aiki tare don aiwatarwa tare da samar da wadatattun dabi'un AU.

A cikin 2013 duka Platform da Sakatariya sun fara aiki kuma a ƙarshe don zama na 26 na yau da kullun na Majalisar AU (Jan 2016) an amince da ƙa'idodin tsari bisa doka yana ba AGA jagorar doka kan ayyukanta.

Buri da Makasudi/Wajibi

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Manufa

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Babban burin AGA shi ne karfafa kyakkyawan shugabanci da kuma tabbatar da dimokuradiyya a Afirka.

Makasudai

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Source: [5]

  1. Haɓaka tabbatarwa, zama cikin gida, aiwatarwa da sa ido kan kayan aikin Rarraba Ƙimar Afirka
  1. Zurfafa haɗin kai, daidaitawa, haɗin gwiwa da daidaita kayan kida mai ɗaiɗai tsakanin sassan AU, cibiyoyi da RECs kan dimokuradiyya, shugabanci, 'yancin ɗan adam da harkokin jin kai.
  1. Haɓaka ƙarfin ƙungiyoyin AU, cibiyoyi da RECs don tallafawa ƙasashe membobi don ƙarfafa mulki da tabbatar da mulkin demokraɗiyya ta hanyar aiwatar da ajandar ƙima.
  1. Haɓaka shigar jama'a da haɗin kai na 'yan ƙasa don samun mulkin dimokuradiyya, mulki da mutunta 'yancin ɗan adam da jama'a
  1. Haɗa kimantawa da bayar da rahoto game da aiwatarwa da bin ka'idodin AU game da mulki da dimokraɗiyya kamar yadda labarin 44, 45 da 49 na ACDEG ya tsara.
  1. Samar da tattaunawa da raba darussa masu kamanceceniya kan abubuwan da suka faru, kalubale, dama da abubuwan da ake fatan inganta mulki da dimokiradiyya a tsakanin Membobin kasashe.
  1. Ƙirƙirar, sarrafawa da watsa ilimi kan ajandar dabi'u na Afirka, kyakkyawan shugabanci da dimokuradiyya a Afirka.
  1. Samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da zurfafa haɗin gwiwa tare da Tsarin Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro na Afirka (APSA) a cikin manyan tsare-tsare: diflomasiya na rigakafi, rigakafin rikice-rikice da bayan rikice-rikice, sake ginawa da ci gaba a Afirka.

[5]

Tsarin AGA

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Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa guda huɗu sun haɗa da tsarin AGA:

Ka'idoji & Ka'idoji

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Tushen: [6]

An tsara AGA a kan wani tsari na al'ada wanda Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta kafa. [7] AGA ta dogara ne akan maƙasudai da ƙa'idodi waɗanda aka fayyace a cikin nau'o'in Ƙimar Rarraba AU da ƙasashe membobin AU suka rattabawa hannu kuma suka rattaba hannu akan hakan, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga masu zuwa ba:

Name of instrument Short description
Constitutive Act of the African Union[8] Establishes the African Union and defines its objectives, in particular a commitment to promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance.
African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance[9] Expands upon the constitutive act, committing Member States to the adherence of universal values and principles of democracy and respect for human rights. It promotes the adherence to rule of law, the holding of free and fair elections, and the rejection of unconstitutional changes of government.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights[10] Recognizes the rights, duties and freedoms that accrue to all Africans and commits Member States to undertake to adopt legislative or other measures to give effect to those rights.
OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa[11] Defines the term “refugee” and ensures that those seeking asylum shall be protected.
African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child[12] Recognizes the freedom from discrimination, inherent rights, and the necessity of protecting children under the law on the continent.
Protocol to the African Charter establishing the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights[13] Provides for the functions, responsibilities and jurisdiction of the Court, along with the process for submitting to the Court.
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa[14] Requires State Parties to combat all forms of discrimination against women through appropriate legislative, institutional and other measures. It also commits State Parties to modify the social and cultural patterns of conduct of women and men to achieving the elimination of harmful cultural and traditional practices and all other practices which are based on the idea of the inferiority or the superiority of either of the sexes, or on stereotyped roles for women and men.
African Charter on Values and Principles of Public Service and Administration[15] Aims to ensure quality and innovative service delivery that meets the requirements of all users while encouraging the efforts of Member States in modernizing administration and strengthening capacity for the improvement of public service.
African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa[16] Establishes a legal framework for preventing internal displacement, and protecting and assisting internally displaced persons in Africa, while providing for durable solutions to displacement.
Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice & Human Rights[17] Aims at merging the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights and the Court of Justice of the African Union. It specifically establishes the Court and defines its organization, jurisdiction and procedures.
Protocol Relating to the Establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union[18] Establishes a standing decision-making organ for the prevention, management and resolution of conflicts on the continent.
African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption[19] Acknowledges the damaging effects of corruption on the continent and promotes the development of mechanisms required to prevent, detect, punish and eradicate corruption and related offenses in the public and private sectors.
African Youth Charter[20] Protects young people from discrimination and ensures freedom of movement, speech, association, religion, ownership of property and other human rights, while committing to promoting youth participation throughout society.
Algiers Declaration on Unconstitutional Changes Addresses the importance of strengthening the capacity of the AU to deal with the scourge of unconstitutional changes of government.
Lomé Declaration on Unconstitutional Changes of Government Affirms and updates the Algiers Declaration, committing to the AU's rejection of unconstitutional changes in government.
OAU/AU Declaration on Principles Governing Democratic Elections[21] Provides for democratic elections as a basis of the authority of any representative government and states the principles for such elections, including guidance for observers and monitors.
Conference on Stability, Security, Development and Democracy (CSSDCA) Memorandum of Understanding Reaffirms the fundamental link between stability, human security, development and cooperation in a manner that reinforces each other.
African Union Post-Conflict and Reconstruction Policy Framework[22] Sets out an African agenda for post-conflict reconstruction which aims to, among other things, address the nexus between the peace, security, humanitarian and development dimensions of post-conflict reconstruction and peacebuilding.
New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) Declaration on Democracy, Political, Economic & Corporate Governance[23] Commits to ensuring that Heads of States’ respective national constitutions reflect the democratic ethos and commits support to democracy and good political governance, economic and corporate governance, socioeconomic development and the African Peer Review Mechanism.
Memorandum of Understanding on the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM)[24] Establishes partnerships with the States who have signed on to APRM and commits to implementing the shared commitments as established in the Constitutive Act.
Kigali Declaration on Human Rights in Africa[25] Reaffirms the principle that all human rights are universal, indivisible, inter-dependent and inter-related. It reaffirms Member States commitments to upholding and protecting these rights as noted.
Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa[26] Reaffirms the commitment to gender equality and agrees to accelerate the implementation of measures to combat discrimination and ensure the full and effective participation of women in peace processes.
Declaration on the Theme of the 2012 Summit “Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values”[27] Establishes AGA and commits the African Union towards implementing and affirming its Shared Values.

Tsarin AGA

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Madogara:[28][29]

Tsarin AGA ya ƙunshi cibiyoyi da gabobin AU masu cikakken ikon gudanarwa, dimokuradiyya, haƙƙin ɗan adam, zaɓe da taimakon jin kai.[28][1] Tsarin yana da burin daidaita abubuwan da aka raba da kuma haɗa kai da hadin gwiwa a fannin gudanarwa da dimokuradiyya.[28][1][29] Membobin sun haɗa da:

Membobin Tsarin AGA Takaitaccen bayani
Majalisar Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro ta AU[30] AU PSC tana da ikon inganta zaman lafiya, kwanciyar hankali da tsaro kuma ita ce ƙungiyar da ke yanke shawara a ƙarshe don rigakafi, sarrafawa da warware rikice-rikice a Afirka.[31]
Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka[32] AUC tana aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Tarayyar kuma tana kula da ayyukan zartarwa, waɗanda suka haɗa da fitar da haɗin gwiwar Afirka da tsarin ci gaba tare da ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa tare da Kasashen Membobi na Tarayyar Afirka, Ƙungiyoyin Tattalin Arziki na Yanki da 'yan Afirka.[31]
Ƙungiyoyin Tattalin Arziki na Yanki[33] (RECs) RECS suna da ikon sauƙaƙe haɗin gwiwar yanki da ba da tallafi a cikin harkokin tsaro, tattalin arziki da ci gaba. AMU/UMA, CEN-SAD, COMESA, EAC, CEEAC-ECCAS, CEDEAO-ECOWAS, IGAD da SADC ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ginshiƙan Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Afirka.[31]
Hukumar Haƙƙin Bil'Adama da Jama'a ta Afirka[34] (ACHPR) ACHPR an umurce ta musamman a ƙarƙashin tanadin Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Haƙƙin Bil'Adama da Jama'a don karewa da haɓaka haƙƙin ɗan adam da na jama'a a nahiyar musamman bisa buƙatar wata ƙasa memba, gabobin AU ko daidaikun mutane. ACHPR ta amince da ƙudura daban-daban don ƙarawa Yarjejeniyar.[31]
Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka kan Dokar Duniya (AUCIL)[35] AUCIL tana da nufin "ƙididdigewa da ci gaba mai ci gaba na dokar duniya a nahiyar Afirka".[29][36]
Majalisar Pan-Afirka (PAP) PAP an kafa ta ne don kafa wani dandamali na gama gari da kuma tabbatar da ci gaba da haɗin gwiwar tattalin arziki na nahiyar tare da cikakken shiga na mutanen Afirka. Burin shine haɓaka zuwa wata cibiya da ke da cikakken ikon majalisa kuma membobinta za a zaɓi su ta hanyar jefa kuri'a na manya baki ɗaya.[31]
Tsarin Binciken Takwarorina na Afirka (APRM)[37] APRM wani tsari ne na tantance kai da son rai, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna da Shugabannin Kasashen Afirka suka sanya hannu. An tsara APRM don inganta ingantaccen mulki a cikin fannoni huɗu: Dimokuradiyya da Gudanarwar Siyasa, Gudanarwar Kamfanoni, Gudanarwar Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa, da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa.[31][38]
Majalisar Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (ECOSOCC)[39] ECOSOCC wani tsari ne da aka tsara don kafa dangantaka ta haɗin gwiwa tare da Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a na Afirka da kuma ƙarfafa mu'amala da Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a musamman a cikin ayyukan yanke shawara.[6][31]
Hukumar Ba da Shawara ta AU kan Cin Hanci da Rashawa (AUABC)[40] AUABC tana da ikon ƙarfafa Kasashen Membobi don sa ido, rigakafi, hukunta da kawar da cin hanci da rashawa ta hanyar kafa sabbin dokoki, dokoki da ƙa'idoji waɗanda Kasashen Membobi da jami'an siyasa dole ne su bi. Ba wai kawai tana kafa hanyoyin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa ba amma kuma tana yaɗa bayanai game da cin hanci da rashawa da mummunan tasirinsa. Tana aiki a ƙarƙashin ikon Yarjejeniyar Tarayyar Afirka kan Rigakafi da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa (AUCPCC).[6][41]
Hukumar Kwararrun Afirka kan Haƙƙin da Walwalar Yara[42] (ACERWC) ACERWC tana da nufin karewa da haɓaka haƙƙoƙin da aka tanada a cikin Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Haƙƙin da Walwalar Yara, musamman don tattara bayanai da ƙarfafa cibiyoyin ƙasa da na gida masu dacewa don aiwatar da shirye-shirye don wannan dalili, yayin da take ba da shawarwari ga Kasashen Membobi. Hukumar tana tsara da kafa ƙa'idodi da dokoki da nufin kare haƙƙin da walwalar yara a Afirka.[31]
Sabon Haɗin gwiwa don Ci gaban Afirka (NEPAD)-Hukumar Tsare-tsare da Haɗin kai[43] NEPAD ita ce hukumar fasaha ta Tarayyar Afirka, wanda ke aiki a kan ci gaban tattalin arziki. Burinta guda uku sune kafa tushe don ci gaba mai dorewa (wanda aka jagoranta ta hanyar ingantaccen mulki, zaman lafiya da tsaro), gano fannoni masu fifiko inda za a aiwatar da ayyuka da kuma samo kuɗi don tabbatar da waɗannan ayyukan. Ayyukan suna da alaƙa da yanki da na nahiyar.[31]
Kotun Haƙƙin Bil'Adama da Jama'a ta Afirka (AfCHPR)[44] AfCHPR an kafa ta ne don ƙarfafa tsarin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a Afirka tare da mai da hankali sosai kan tabbatar da bin Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Haƙƙin Bil'Adama da Jama'a, ta hanyar yanke hukunci na shari'a.[31]

Rukunoni da Sakatariyar

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Tsarin AGA yana samun tallafi na fasaha daga Sakatariyar AGA da Rukunoni a cikin AGA.[7] Dukansu hanyoyin hulɗa ne kuma suna haɓaka haɗin gwiwar membobin Tsarin AGA.[7]

Rukunoni

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Madogara:[7]

An kafa Rukunoni a matsayin cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa don tallafawa da cimma burin AGA.[6] Akwai rukunoni biyar da ke mai da hankali kan fannoni daban-daban da AGA ke ciki. Waɗannan sune:

Rukuni Fannoni Masu Mahimmanci Takaitaccen Bayani
Dimokuraɗiyya[6] i. Zaɓuɓɓuka

ii. Majalisa

iii. Jam'iyyun Siyasa

Wannan Rukuni yana sa ido kan aiwatar da tsarin zaɓe na dimokuraɗiyya da ka'idoji a cikin Kasashen Membobi da kuma sa ido, nazari da kimanta halin dimokuraɗiyya a Afirka.
Haƙƙin Bil'Adama da Adalci na Riƙon Kwarya[7] i. Ka'idoji da Matakai

ii. Hanyoyin Gyara

Wannan Rukuni yana neman tabbatar da ingantaccen haɓakawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da na jama'a a nahiyar da kuma haɗa kai da ƙoƙarin haɓaka Tsarin Tsarin Adalci na Riƙon Kwarya na Afirka.
Harkokin Jin Kai[7] i. Yancin Motsi na Jama'a

ii. 'Yan Gudun Hijira

iii. Kare Fararen Hula

Wannan Rukuni yana neman tabbatar da cewa an magance tushen ƙauran tilas kuma a haɓaka jagora mai dacewa na nahiyar don sauƙaƙa motsi tsakanin yankuna na mutane. Har ila yau yana da nufin nemo hanyoyin dindindin ga matsalolin da suka shafi 'yan gudun hijira, waɗanda suka dawo da kuma mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu (IPDs) a Afirka. Wannan rukuni yana haɗin gwiwa tare da masu ruwa da tsaki don haɓaka shiri da martani masu haɗin kai da dacewa ga bala'o'i da rikice-rikicen jin kai a nahiyar.
Tsarin Mulki da Dokokin Doka[6] i. Kin Amincewa da Canje-Canjen Gwamnati Marasa Tsarin Mulki

ii. Tsarin Zartarwa, Majalisa da Shari'a

Wannan Rukuni yana neman haɓakawa da inganta bin ƙa'idar dokokin doka da inganta tsarin mulki a Afirka, gami da magance canje-canjen gwamnati marasa tsarin mulki. Wannan rukuni yana kuma neman tallafawa Kasashen Membobi na AU a cikin sake fasalin tsarin mulki da na cibiyoyi da sake ginawa musamman waɗanda suka fito daga rikici.
Gudanarwa[7] i. Hidimar Jama'a da Gudanarwa

ii. Gudanar da Mulki na Gida da Rarraba Iko

iii. Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa da Sakamako

Wannan Rukuni yana neman inganta ƙarfafa cibiyoyin isar da hidimar jama'a gami da rarraba iko da sakamako.

Sakatariyar

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Madogara:[6] Sakatariyar AGA kamar yadda aka ambata ita ce cibiyar haɗin gwiwa ta Tsarin AGA. Tana cikin Sashen Harkokin Siyasa na Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka (AUC) kuma tana da alhakin tattarawa da sarrafa sakamakon Tsarin don gabatarwa, da kuma la'akari da Gabobin Manufofin AU.

Cibiyar Mulkin Afirka

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Majiya:[45]

Cibiyar Gudanar da Mulki ta Afirka (APF) ita ce tsarin tattara albarkatu na AGA da aka tsara don tallafawa shirye-shiryen membobin Platform da shirye-shiryen da ke haɓaka kyakkyawan shugabanci da dimokuradiyya a nahiyar. Ginin yana nufin haɓaka musamman: "Ƙarfafa ƙarfin cibiyoyi da ginawa; tattaunawa don sauƙaƙe shigar da 'yan ƙasa a cikin tsarin mulkin demokra] iyya; goyon bayan fasaha ga Membobin kasashe game da amincewa, aikin gida, aiwatarwa da kuma bayar da rahoto game da ka'idodin Raba Rarraba AU; da diflomasiyya na rigakafi, sake gina rikice-rikice da kuma shirye-shiryen [ginin zaman lafiya]".[45]

Ayyuka

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Ayyukan an raba su tsakanin ayyukan sakatariyar AGA waɗanda aka yi niyya don haɗa kai da aiwatar da ayyukan membobin dandalin AGA da kuma ayyukan membobin dandalin AGA.

Ayyukan Sakatariyar AGA sune kamar haka:

Dabarun Haɗin Kan Matasa

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An kafa Dabarun Haɗin Kan Matasa na AGA don inganta ingantaccen shigar matasan Afirka a cikin ayyukan dimokuraɗiyya na dandalin AGA musamman tare da mai da hankali kan dimokuraɗiyya, zaɓe, haƙƙin ɗan adam da mulki a Afirka.[46] Tun da Afirka tana da mafi ƙarancin yawan jama'a a duniya[47] Dabarun Matasa don haka tana ganin wannan a matsayin wani yanki na mai da hankali don haɓaka haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyoyin farar hula.[48][49]

Dabarun musamman suna ba da shawarar haɓaka shirin jagorancin matasa na nahiyar, kafa Ƙungiyoyin AU na Samfuri suna aiki tare da cibiyoyin koyarwa mafi girma a Afirka da kuma samar da sarari ga matsayin "jakadan matasa" na AU.[46][50][51]

Tattaunawa Mai Girma

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Madogara:[52][53]

Wannan tattaunawa ta faru a karo na huɗu a watan Disamba 2015.[53][54] An kafa ta ne don ƙirƙirar taron shekara-shekara inda membobin dandalin AGA, kasashe membobi da ƴan wasan da ba na jihohi ba za su yi bayani a fili da kuma nazarin tasirin ayyukansu don ƙarfafa dimokuradiyya da haɓaka kyakkyawan mulki a Afirka.[54] Domin ci gaba da daidaitawa da Dabarun Haɗin Kan Matasa da aka ambata a baya, AGA ta kuma gabatar da taron matasa na farko wanda ke da nufin haɓaka shigar matasa a cikin tarurruka masu girma.[55] Batutuwan tattaunawa huɗu na ƙarshe masu girma sune:

  1. Nuwamba 2012 a Dakar, Senegal, kan yanayin mulkin dimokuradiyya a Afirka
  2. Nuwamba, 2013 a Dakar, Senegal, kuma ya mai da hankali kan haɓaka tsarin mulki da dokokin doka a Afirka[56]
  3. Oktoba 2014 a Dakar, Senegal, a kan taken shuru da bindigogi: ƙarfafa mulki a cikin warware rikice-rikice a Afirka.[55][57]
  4. Disamba 2015 a Kigali, Rwanda ta sake nazarin kuma ta magance yanayin daidaiton shigar mata da jagoranci a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa a Afirka (tare da taron matasa na farko).[58][59]

Dabarun Sarrafa Ilimi

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Madogara:[60]

A halin yanzu AGA tana aiki kan dabarun sarrafa ilimi guda ɗaya wanda ke da burin ƙirƙirar dabarun guda ɗaya don tattarawa, samarwa da yada kayan ilimi akan membobin dandalin. Har yanzu ba a sanar da ainihin abubuwan da ke cikin dabarun ba kuma ba a tabbatar da su daga kafofin waje ba.[60]

Bugu da ƙari, Membobin Dandalin suna aiki tuƙuru wajen tabbatar da haɗin gwiwar shirye-shirye kaɗan daga cikin misalan sune:

Hukumar Afirka tana aiki tare da Kotun Afirka da Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Haƙƙin da Walwalar Yara a kan aikin bincike na haɗin gwiwa a Sudan ta Kudu wanda ya haifar da takardar shafi 315 da ke nuna cin zarafin haƙƙin ɗan adam a kan tushen da aka sanya shawarwari masu yawa.[61]

Ka'idojin Rahoton Jiha kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin ACDEG kuma aka kammala su tare da amincewa da ka'idodin aiki sun tilasta wa ƙasashe su gabatar da Rahoton Jiha kowace shekara 2.[62] Har zuwa yau ba a gabatar da wani ba. Tsarin Rahoton Jiha da Hanyar yana haifar da babban hulɗa tsakanin duk Membobin Dandalin AGA musamman kamar yadda membobin kamar Hukumar ko APRM suna da tsarin bayar da rahoto na Jiha da ake da su waɗanda za a iya amfani da su kuma ta haka ne za a haifar da haɗin gwiwa a cikin ikon AGA.

Haɗin Kai na AGA

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Madogara:[63]

Saboda yanayin AGA, akwai wurare da yawa da suka yi kama da sauran gabobin da tsare-tsare a cikin Tarayyar Afirka. Kamar yadda take wata hukuma ce ta haɗin gwiwa kamar Tsarin Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro na Afirka (APSA), suna haɗa kai da juna ta yadda dukansu sun yarda cewa mulkin dimokuraɗiyya da Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro suna da alaƙa kuma suna ƙarfafa abubuwan da ake buƙata don cimma duka biyun.[64] Don haka AGA da APSA suna aiki kan ayyukan da ke ƙarfafa juna ta hanyar tsari kamar Task Force na Sashen Tsakanin don Rigakafin Rikici (IDTFCP).[63]

Masu sukar sun lura cewa wannan yana da kyau a takarda amma kaɗan ne kawai ya fara aiki a cikin wannan haɗin kai.[65] Yana buƙatar ƙarfafa raunanan alaƙa don zama masu amfani ga juna[64][66]

Nasarori

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Haɗin gwiwar Ofishin Kula da Zaɓe tsakanin Membobin Dandalin AGA[61][67][68]
  • An amince da Dokokin Aiki waɗanda suka ayyana ikon AGA a bisa doka.[2]
  • Kaddamar da Aikin 2016 - "Shekarar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Afirka tare da mai da hankali kan Haƙƙin Mata"[69]
  • Tattaunawa Mai Girma guda 4 waɗanda suka haifar da ƙarin haɗin kai tsakanin Membobin Dandalin AGA, Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a, Jihohi Membobi da Matasa.[54]

Kalubale da Soki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babban kalubalen da cibiyoyin tunani daban-daban da tantancewar waje suka gano sune:

  1. "AGA da APSA ba su da wata alaƙa mai ƙarfi a tsakaninsu tukuna" [64]
  2. "Dokar Kafa AU ta yi nuni ne kawai ga 'mulki nagari' ba wai 'mulki' ba. Rashin bayyananne na ainihin ra'ayin mulki nagari, wanda aka kafa a cikin Dokar Kafa, zai sa AGA ta zama mara tasiri tunda 'mulki' a matsayin ra'ayi ba lallai bane ya inganta manufar AU na inganta mulki nagari."[70]
  3. Hukumar AU, wacce ita ce zuciyar AGA, ba ta da tsarin gudanarwa bayyananne don haka ba ta dace ba don jagorantar shirin.[70]
  4. AGA tana buƙatar kafa tsarin samar da kuɗi mai dorewa wanda zai tabbatar da tsarin da ke aiki da kyau kuma mai cin gashin kansa.[70]
  5. Ayyukan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin AGA da Membobin Dandalinta har yanzu ba a bayyane suke ba musamman tare da 'yan wasa kamar APRM.[66][70]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Handbook of Africa's International Relations
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 AUC. "Decisions of the Twenty-Sixth Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Unions" (PDF). AU. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-13. Retrieved 2016-05-24.
  3. ↑ AGA. "AU Shared Values". Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named The African Union: Addressing the Challenges of Peace, Security, and Governance
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 AGA. "Objectives & Principles". www.aga-platform.org. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Wachira, George Mukundi. "Consolidating the African Governance Architecture". SAIIA (in Turanci). Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Maru, Mehari Taddele; El Fassi, Sahra. "Can the regional economic communities support implementation of the African Governance Architecture (AGA)?" (PDF). ECDPM. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  8. ↑ African Union. "Constitutive Act". Archived from the original on 11 October 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  9. ↑ African Union. "African Charter on Democracy Elections and Governance" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  10. ↑ African Union. "African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  11. ↑ African Union. "OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  12. ↑ African Union. "African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  13. ↑ African Union. "Protocol to the African Charter establishing the African Court on Human and People's Rights". Archived from the original on 2 July 2019. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  14. ↑ African Union. "Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  15. ↑ African Union. "African Charter on Values and Principles of Public Service and Administration". Archived from the original on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  16. ↑ African Union. "African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  17. ↑ African Union. "Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  18. ↑ African Union. "Protocol Relating to the Establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  19. ↑ African Union. "African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  20. ↑ African Union. "African Youth Charter" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  21. ↑ African Union. "OAU/AU declaration on Principles Governing Democratic Elections". Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  22. ↑ African Union. "African Union Post-Conflict and reconstruction Policy Framework" (PDF). Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  23. ↑ African Union. "NEPAD declaration on Democracy, Political, economic and Corporate Governance" (PDF). Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  24. ↑ African Union. "Memorandum of Understanding on the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 August 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  25. ↑ African Union. "Kigali Declaration on Human Rights in Africa". Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  26. ↑ African Union. "Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  27. ↑ African Union. "Declaration on the Theme of the 2012 Summit "Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values"" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EuropaAfrica
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 AGA. "Platform". www.aga-platform.org. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  30. ↑ AU PSC. "AU Peace and Security Council". Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  31. ↑ 31.00 31.01 31.02 31.03 31.04 31.05 31.06 31.07 31.08 31.09 Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA). "Strengthening Popular Participation in the African Union - A guide to AU Structures and Processes" (PDF). OXFAM. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  32. ↑ AUC. "African Union Commission". Archived from the original on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  33. ↑ African Union. "AU Regional Economic Communities". Retrieved 5 June 2016.[permanent dead link]
  34. ↑ ACHPR. "African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACHPR)". Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  35. ↑ AUCIL. "African Union Commission on International Law". Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  36. ↑ International law Observer (19 May 2009). "African Union Establishes a New Organ: AUCIL". Retrieved 1 June 2016.[permanent dead link]
  37. ↑ APRM. "African Peer Review mechanism". Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  38. ↑ Ngwenya, Thamsanqa (2007). "The African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) and Democratic Governance". Critical Dialogue: Public Participation in Review. 3 (1): 53–61.
  39. ↑ ECOSOCC. "Economic, Social and Cultural Council". Archived from the original on 18 June 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  40. ↑ AU Advisory Board on Corruption. "AU Advisory Board on Corruption". Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  41. ↑ Constantinos, Constantinos Berhutesfa. "Functionings of the African Union Advisory Board on Corruption". www.academia.edu. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  42. ↑ ACERWC. "African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child". Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  43. ↑ NEPAD. "New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD)". Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  44. ↑ AcHPR. "African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights". Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 AGA. "African Governance Facility". www.aga-platform.org. Archived from the original on 19 July 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 NDI (25 June 2015). "NDI Partners with African Union to Increase Youth Political Involvement | NDI". www.ndi.org. NDI. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  47. ↑ Kingsley, Ighobor. "Africa's youth: a "ticking time bomb" or an opportunity?". www.un.org. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  48. ↑ DG Trends (26 June 2014). "Youth Consultations 2014". DG Trends. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  49. ↑ AGA. "AGA Youth Engagement Strategy (AGA-YES)". www.aga-platform.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  50. ↑ NDI (20 August 2015). "Youth Should Focus on Building Democratic Institutions Says African Union Leader". www.ndi.org. NDI. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  51. ↑ NDI. "Regional Consultations Focus on Youth Building a Culture of Democracy and Peace in Africa". www.ndi.org. NDI. Retrieved 3 June 2016.[permanent dead link]
  52. ↑ Stapel, Sören (18 November 2014). "Dealing with the African Governance Transfer Tangle". IR Blog. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 "Annual High Level Dialogue". www.aga-platform.org. Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  54. ↑ 55.0 55.1 NDI (28 October 2014). "African Youth Steer AU Agenda for "Silencing the Guns" | NDI". www.ndi.org. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  55. ↑ DG Trends (29 November 2013). "Overview, recommendations and conclusions of High Level Dialogue - DGTrends 2013". DG Trends. Retrieved 3 June 2016.[permanent dead link]
  56. ↑ AGA Platform. "2014 High Level Dialogue Outcome Statement" (PDF). Aga-Platform. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 March 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  57. ↑ Bizimungu, Julius; Teta, Samantha (5 December 2015). "Africa: High-Level AU Dialogue Opens in Kigali On Monday". allAfrica.com. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  58. ↑ AU. "4th High Level Dialogue on Democracy, Human Rights and Governance in Africa | African Union". www.au.int. Retrieved 27 May 2016.[permanent dead link]
  59. ↑ 60.0 60.1 AGA. "Knowledge Management Strategy". www.aga-platform.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  60. ↑ 61.0 61.1 PSC. "Final Report of the African Union Commission of Inquiry on South Sudan" (PDF). PEACEAU. AUCISS. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  61. ↑ AU. "African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance" (PDF). AU. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
  62. ↑ 63.0 63.1 KHADIAGALA, GILBERT M. "Silencing the Guns: Strengthening Governance to Prevent, Manage, and Resolve Conflicts in Africa" (PDF). IPIinst. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  63. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 Matlosa, Khabele. "The AU's African Governance Architecture Linkages with the APSA - ECDPM". ECDPM. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  64. ↑ ECDPM. "Peace and Security in Africa". Shorthand. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  65. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Tissi, Nicola; Aggad-Clerx, Faten. "The Road Ahead for the African Governance Architecture: An Overview of Current Challenges and Possible Solutions". SAIIA. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  66. ↑ Karume, Shumbana; Mura, Eleonora. "Reflections on African Union Electoral Assistance and Observation" (PDF). Needsproject. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  67. ↑ AllAfrica (27 October 2015). "Final Report of the African Union Commission of Inquiry on South Sudan". allAfrica.com. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  68. ↑ Mbaku, John Mukum (11 February 2016). "The African Union: Which way forward?" (in Turanci). The Brookings Institution. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  69. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.3 Gumedze, Sabelo. "The Challenges Facing Africa's Emerging Governance Architecture". ISS Africa. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
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