Ginin Artex
 Ginin Artex | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bayanai | ||||
| Ƙasa | Filipin | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Filipin | |||
Metropolitan area (en)  | Metro Manila (en) | |||
| Highly urbanized city (en) | Malabon (mul) | |||
Ginin Artex yanki ne mai cike da ruwa na dindindin a Malabon, Philippines. Wurin da ake yi wa lakabi da "Venice of Malabon", sanannen wurin ne saboda wasu sassa na nitsewa, gidaje da aka keɓe, da kuma amfani da kwale-kwale na jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin gidaje.[1]
Asalin asali a matsayin gidaje don ma'aikatan masana'antar masaku da ke kusa, kusan iyalai 200 zuwa 250 suna ci gaba da zama a cikin harabar wanda ya kasance mai cike da ruwa tun 2004.[2] Filin dai ya kasance cibiyar cece-kuce da aka dade ana tafkawa tsakanin mazauna wurin da masu sana'ar masaku. Tun daga lokacin ya zama madadin wurin yawon buɗe ido da masu daukar hoto, ɗalibai, masu bincike, 'yan jarida, masu shirya fina-finai, da masu shirya fina-finai ke yawan zuwa saboda yanayin yanayinsa na musamman da tarihin zamantakewa.[3][4]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Da yake a Barangay Panghulo, Artex Compound asalin aikin gida ne kyauta wanda aka gina wa ma'aikatan Artex Development Co., Inc., kamfanin masana'antu da zaren da ya fara aiki a cikin shekarun 1960. [Lura 1] A mafi girma, masana'antar ta dauki ma'aikata kusan 1,200. Yawancin su sun zauna a cikin fili, tare da wasu sama da shekaru talatin. Artex mallakar dangin Typoco ne, wadanda suka kasance Abokan Shugaba Ferdinand Marcos.[5][6]
A shekarar 1984, ma'aikatan Artex karkashin kungiyar Samahan ng mga Manggagawa sa Artex (Artex Workers Union) ko SAMAR sun shiga yajin aiki don nuna rashin amincewarsu da rashin aikin yi, karancin albashi, da karancin albashi kamar albashin wata 13, ganyen hutu da ganyayen marasa lafiya. [7] Ana biyan ma’aikatan ₱44 ne kawai a rana wanda shine rabin mafi karancin albashi ₱89 da doka ta kayyade a lokacin. A martanin da mahukuntan kamfanin na Artex suka yi na cewa gidajen da aka gina kyauta (ciki har da ruwan sha da wutar lantarki) sun biya diyya kan karancin albashin da ma’aikatan ke samu. Ma’aikatan Artex sun hada da masu fafutuka na dalibai da kuma ma’aikatan masana’antar Foamtex da ke kusa da su wadanda su ma ke yajin aiki.[8][9]
A ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1984, 'yan sanda sun yi ƙoƙarin aiwatar da umarnin da Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta bayar na a ɗaga layukan tsinke, amma ma'aikata 200 masu yajin aikin sun ci karo da duwatsu da darts. A lokacin da aka kai wa daya daga cikin ‘yan sandan hari, wani rukunin dakarun gwamnati ne suka bude wuta da bindigogi da bindigu. A cewar shugaban ‘yan sandan Malabon, Col. Alfredo Cruz, ma’aikata biyu ne suka mutu, 27 kuma suka jikkata, sannan ‘yan sanda 10 sun jikkata. Yawancin ma'aikatan da suka jikkata sun ki yarda a yi musu magani, saboda fargabar cewa 'yan sanda za su kama su.[8]Duk da tashin hankalin da aka yi, ma’aikatan sun ki barin harabar, sai dai idan hukumar ta biya musu bukatunsu, lamarin da ya kai ga tada zaune tsaye har tsawon shekaru biyar.[10]
A cikin Mayu 1989, Artex ya daina aiki saboda yajin aikin da kuma mummunar ambaliyar ruwa a Malabon. Ma’aikatan sun ci gaba da zama a cikin harabar gidan bayan rufe kamfanin, inda suka tabbatar da cewa su ne ke da hakkin mallakar kadarorin.[11]
Yaƙe-yaƙe na shari'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1990, Ma'aikatar Ayyuka da Ayyuka ta yi mulki a madadin ma'aikata kuma ta umarci Artex da ta biya don keta dokar mafi karancin albashi da sauran ka'idojin aiki.[12] Bayan jerin roko da shawarwari don sake la'akari da Artex, Hukumar Kula da Harkokin Ma'aikata ta Kasa (NLRC) ta ba da shawarar ƙarshe da ta fi son ma'aikata a cikin 1994, amma ta rage kyautar zuwa . A ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 1994, wani sheriff na NLRC tare da jami'an SAMAR sun tafi Artex Compound don dawo da injuna, ƙarfe, da sauran kayan da za a siyar da su a matsayin biyan kuɗi ga ma'aikata, amma masu tsaron Artex masu zaman kansu sun hana su yin hakan.[12] An bayar da umarni a ranar 30 ga Maris, 1995, don ba da damar sheriff da SAMAR su karɓi kayan aikin masana'antar Artex.
A ranar 4 ga Mayu, 1995, Yupangco Cotton Mills, Inc., wani masana'antar auduga da ke Angono, Rizal, ya shigar da kara na uku tare da NLRC suna da'awar cewa sun riga sun sayi masana'antar Artex, injinan ta da wuraren a 1989 don haka su ne masu haƙƙin mallaka. Ma'aikatan sun yi zanga-zangar, suna masu ikirarin cewa duka Artex da Yupangco mallakin rukunin kamfanonin Tanyu-Typoco ne. Sai dai Yupangco ya musanta zargin, yana mai cewa wani bangare ne na uku da ba ya da hannu. Assessor Municipal Malabon ya ba da takaddun shaida yana bayyana cewa an mayar da Artex Compound zuwa Yupangco tun 1991. Yupangco ya kuma shigar da karar fashi a 1996 a kan NLRC Sheriff, SAMAR da masu siyan injinan, tare da dakatar da sayar da su tare da dakatar da hukuncin ₱ 9,000 ga ma'aikata.[12]
A cikin shawarar 1997, Labour Arbiter Jovencio Mayor ya bayyana cewa Yupangco Cotton Mills "ya zama cikakken mai shi kuma ya mallaki" kadarorin da ke cikin Artex Compound tun daga Mayu 1989 kuma da'awar Yupangco na uku na doka ne kuma mai inganci.[12]
A shekara ta 2005, wani hukuncin Kotun Koli ya tabbatar da ikirarin Yupangco na uku na kadarorin, amma ya yi watsi da tuhumar fashi da "marasa tushe." Don haka, har yanzu ana la'akarin da Artex Compound na zaman kansa wanda ya hana karamar hukumar shiga tsakani a cikin lamarin, duk da cewa kotuna na iya ba da umarnin a bar wurin a kowane lokaci.[7][12]
Ambaliyar ruwa ta dindindin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Malabon na ɗaya daga cikin biranen da ambaliyar ruwa ke yi akai-akai a cikin Metro Manila saboda ƙasa mai laushi da kusanci da Kogin Tullahan da Manila Bay.[13] Artex Compound yana zaune a daya daga cikin ƙananan yankuna na birnin, tare da kudancin da ke kewaye da tafkunan kifi daga kamfanin kamun kifi na Karisma da ke kusa. Gidan da kansa ya zama tafkin kamawa na dindindin don ruwan sama lokacin da aka ɗaga hanyoyin da ke kewaye da unguwar sakamakon saurin birni na Malabon.[14] Juyawar tafkunan kifi da ke kusa da su zuwa wuraren sake komawa ga mazauna da ba su dace ba da kuma manyan yankuna sun kara tsananta ambaliyar. A cewar mazauna, sun kasance suna da famfo na ruwa mai amfani da diesel wanda suke aiki sau uku a rana don kiyaye ruwa a lokacin ruwan sama, amma sun yanke shawarar dakatar da amfani da famfo lokacin da mazauna ba za su iya ɗaukar farashin man fetur ba.[15]
Kafin ambaliya, filin yana da filin wasan ƙwallon kwando, filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, filin wasa, ɗakin karatu na al'umma, da bishiyoyin pine.[10][15]
A shekara ta 2004, ambaliyar gidaje ta cika har abada lokacin da ruwan sama mai tsanani ya haɗu da rushewar bango da ke kewaye da fili da kuma tafkunan kifi da ke kusa da su ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye dukan fili a cikin ambaliyar 5 feet (1.5 m) mai zurfi wanda bai taɓa raguwa ba.[9] Dangane da raƙuman ruwa da adadin ruwan sama, ruwan na iya tashi har zuwa 10 feet (3.0 m) zurfi a cikin fili.[16] Da farko, mazauna sun yi ƙoƙari don yin amfani da ruwa daga fili, wanda ya tabbatar da banza saboda ruwa ba shi da wani wuri don zubar da ruwa kuma kawai ya koma cikin fili.[7]
Daidaitawa ga ambaliyar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tuni dai mazauna yankin suka saba da ambaliya a matsayin hanyar rayuwa. Waɗanda ke zaune a gidaje mai hawa biyu ne kawai suka haura sama yayin da tsofaffin gidaje masu nitsewa (wanda ake kira silong) aka gina sabbin gidaje a saman su. Yawancin gidajen suna da haɗin wutar lantarki, tarho, da talabijin na USB. Koyaya, babu ɗayan gidajen da ke da famfo na cikin gida. Madadin haka, mazauna garin suna yin tuhume-tuhume a kowace rana zuwa wani famfo da ke kofar gidan don sake cika kwantena na robobi da ruwan wanka, da wanke-wanke, da yin wanki a gida. Mazauna suna siyan tsaftataccen ruwan sha daga wuraren da ake cika ruwa da ke kusa da gidan.[14][10]
Yawancin mazauna suna samun rayuwa mai sauƙi suna aiki a matsayin masu tuka jirgin ruwa, suna samun kusan a kowace rana.[14] Yawancin masu tuƙi mata ne, tunda maza yawanci suna aiki a wasu wurare a cikin birni yayin da yara ke karatu a makarantun da ke kusa.[17] Iyalai waɗanda ba za su iya samun jiragen ruwa masu dacewa ba a maimakon haka suna amfani da rafts na wucin gadi da aka yi da kumfa na polystyrene, allunan katako, kwantena na filastik, da sauran kayan aiki.[18] Shaguna na Sari-sari a cikin fili suna amfani da kwando da aka haɗe da igiyoyi da pulleys don yin ma'amala tare da abokan ciniki.[10] A lokacin bukukuwan Kirsimeti, mazauna suna shirya gasa ta tseren jirgin ruwa na shekara-shekara a cikin fili.[15]
Tambayoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Canja wuri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da ambaliyar ruwan, har yanzu yawancin mazauna yankin sun ki zama a wasu wurare saboda wasu dalilai. Domin galibin mazauna garin ’yan uwa ne na tsoffin ma’aikatan Artex, har yanzu mazauna yankin na neman a biya su albashin rabuwa da su da kuma alawus din da kamfanin ke bin su. Ta ƙaura zuwa wani wuri, mazauna garin suna fargabar su ma za su yi watsi da haƙƙinsu na mallakar kadarorin.[6] Har yanzu ana iya ganin wata tutar da ke cewa "Har yanzu muna kan Strike!" a ƙofar filin.[7][19]
Hukumomin birnin Malabon ne suka ba da tayin ƙaura da radin kansu, duk da haka yawancin mazaunan da ke zaune a wajen harabar sun ƙare komawar Artex Compound bayan sun ɗan zauna a waje.[14][10]
A ranar 28 ga Mayu, 2013, wata babbar gobara ta tashi a wani rukunin gidaje da ke cikin harabar, inda wani mazaunin garin ya mutu.[7] Da yawa daga cikin wadanda gobarar ta shafa sun zabi sake gina sabbin gidaje a kan tudu maimakon neman zama a wani wuri a cikin birnin.[14][9]
Haɗarin lafiya da aminci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kodayake ana iya samun kifi kamar tilapia a cikin ruwa, mazauna ba sa cinye su saboda sun san cewa ruwa ya gurɓata ta hanyar sharar gida da datti daga gidajen da ke kusa, gidajen cin abinci, da kasuwanni masu laushi.[7] Saboda gidaje ba su da damar yin amfani da magudanar ruwa da kuma yadda ya kamata a gudanar da sharar gida, ana zubar da fitsari da datti kai tsaye a cikin ruwa.[9] A wasu ranakun, an ce ƙanshin datti daga ruwa yana da lahani sosai har ma da mazauna dogon lokaci suna da wahalar barci.[7]
Wani bincike da Sashen Injiniyan Muhalli na Jami'ar Philippines Diliman ya gudanar ya gano cewa ruwan mahallin yana da yawan kwayoyin cuta da ake dangantawa da najasar mutum da dabba.[16]
A cikin wata hira da ABS-CBN a 2015, Dr. Rey Salinel ya yi gargadin cewa mazauna yankin Artex Compound da ke yawan fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka na numfashi na numfashi, cututtukan sauro kamar su dengue da zazzabin cizon sauro, cututtukan fata da fungal, leptospirosis, gastroenteritis, zawo, typhoid, cututtuka na amoebiasis, da dai sauransu.[11]
A watan Janairun 2017, wani yaro dan shekara 11 daga Barangay Panghulo ya nutse a ruwa yayin da yake ninkaya a cikin ruwan Artex Compound. [20]
A cikin al'adun gargajiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Fim din Faransanci-Filipino na 2009 Grandmother wanda Brillante Mendoza ya jagoranta ya faru ne a Sitio Ilog, wani labari na Artex Compound inda aka harbe mafi yawan fim din a wurin.[10][21]
A cikin fim mai zaman kansa na 2010 Noy, mai gabatarwa (wanda Coco Martin ya buga) mazaunin Artex Compound ne.[10]
Shirin talabijin na dogon lokaci Ang Probinsyano ya kuma yi fim da wasu al'amuran a cikin fili.[10]
A cikin 2017, KFC ta gudanar da kamfen ɗin talla inda aka yi amfani da motar amphibious don "ba da" buckets na soyayyen kaza ga mai bikin ranar haihuwa mai shekaru 69 da kuma sauran tsofaffi mazaunan Artex Compound.[22][23]
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]14°41′07″N 120°57′10″E / 14.6853°N 120.9528°E
- ↑ "Philippines: Life in 'the Venice of Malabon' – DW – 06/30/2022". Deutsche Welle (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ↑ name=":0">"The floating world of Artex". RAPPLER (in Turanci). 2014-07-06. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ↑ "Malabon's Heritage Treasures". Yahoo News (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ↑ name=":2">Suralta, Bryle (July 20, 2022). "Inside the Artex Compound, the 'Venice of Malabon'". Esquire Philippines.
- ↑ "Archiving the Philippine Labor Movement". Asian Labour Review (in Turanci). 2023-02-14. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Buenrostro, Iyra Subucao (2019). "When the Provenance speaks : memories of martial law in the Philippines through photographs" (PDF). Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information: 116–121. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":10" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 "Fire in the Village of Water". Pacifiqa (in Turanci). 2014-09-25. Retrieved 2023-05-10. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Police open fire on striking workers - UPI Archives". UPI (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-11. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":8" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "Artex residents persist in flood". Manila Bulletin (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-10. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Suralta, Bryle (July 20, 2022). "Inside the Artex Compound, the 'Venice of Malabon'". Esquire Philippines.Suralta, Bryle (July 20, 2022). "Inside the Artex Compound, the 'Venice of Malabon'". Esquire Philippines.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Why Artex Compound is called 'Venice of the Philippines'". ABS-CBN News. July 7, 2015. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 "G.R. No. 139912 - Yupangco Cotton Mills, Inc. v. Rodrigo Sy Mendoza, et al". lawlibrary.chanrobles.com. Retrieved 2023-05-10. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":9" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Inside Story : Understanding the risk of flooding in the city: The case of Barangay Potrero, Metro Manila". Climate & Development Knowledge Network (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 "The floating world of Artex". RAPPLER (in Turanci). 2014-07-06. Retrieved 2023-05-10."The floating world of Artex". RAPPLER. 2014-07-06. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Residents of this Malabon compound have been dealing with waist-high flood for over 10 years". NOLISOLI (in Turanci). 2017-04-27. Retrieved 2023-05-11. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":5" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 16.0 16.1 Dantes, Jr., Gregorio (2015-11-14). "Adapt to Survive: Urban Flooding in the Philippines". The Globalist (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-11. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":6" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Cellona, Jonathan (August 13, 2014). "Artex Malabon, The Venice of the Philippines". ABS-CBN News.
- ↑ "Inside the permanently flooded Artex Compound". ABS-CBN News. October 4, 2021.
- ↑ Cayabyab, Marc Jayson. "Malabon teacher rides boat to school". Philstar.com. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ↑ Garcia, Danilo (January 24, 2017). "Nag-swimming sa baha: Totoy nalunod" [Went swimming in the flood: boy drowns]. www.philstar.com (in Filipino). Retrieved 2023-05-11.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ Macapagal, Katrina Angela (2017). "The Slum Chronotope and Imaginaries of Spatial Justice in Philippine Cinema" (PDF).
- ↑ "KFC sends fried chicken via hovercraft to woman in flooded village". Fox News (in Turanci). 2017-05-02. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
- ↑ Tan, Yvette (2017-05-02). "KFC brought fried chicken by hovercraft to a woman in a flooded Filipino village". Mashable (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-10.